A new Y-based metal–organic framework (MOF) GR-MOF-6 with a chemical formula of {YL(DMF)2·(DMF)} n {H3L = 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethynyl isophthalic acid; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide} has been prepared ...by a solvothermal route. Structural characterization reveals that this novel material is a three-dimensional MOF in which the coordination of the tritopic ligand to Y(III) metal ions leads to an intercrossing channel system extending over three dimensions. This material has proven to be a very efficient catalyst in the cyanosilylation of carbonyls, ranking second in catalytic activity among the reported rare earth metal-based MOFs described so far but with the lowest required catalyst loading. In addition, its electrophoretic behavior has been studied in depth, providing a zero-charge point between pH 4 and 5, a peak electrophoretic mobility of −1.553 μm cm V–1 s–1, and a ζ potential of −19.8 mV at pH 10.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 8237 and CECT 8238, formerly known as Bacillus subtilis UMAF6639 and UMAF6614, respectively, contribute to plant health by facing microbial pathogens or inducing the ...plant's defense mechanisms. We sequenced their genomes and developed a set of ad hoc scripts that allowed us to search for the features implicated in their beneficial interaction with plants. We define a core set of genes that should ideally be found in any beneficial Bacillus strain, including the production of secondary metabolites, volatile compounds, metabolic plasticity, cell-to-cell communication systems, and biofilm formation. We experimentally prove that some of these genetic elements are active, such as i) the production of known secondary metabolites or ii) acetoin and 2-3-butanediol, compounds that stimulate plant growth and host defense responses. A comparison with other Bacillus genomes permits us to find differences in the cell-to-cell communication system and biofilm formation and to hypothesize variations in their persistence and resistance ability in diverse environmental conditions. In addition, the major protection provided by CECT 8237 and CECT 8238, which is different from other Bacillus strains against bacterial and fungal melon diseases, permits us to propose a correlation with their singular genetic background and determine the need to search for additional blind biocontrol-related features.
The immune response plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection ranging from protection to tissue damage and all occur in the development of acute respiratory distress ...syndrome (ARDS). ARDS patients display elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and innate immune cells, and T and B cell lymphocytes have been implicated in this dysregulated immune response. Mast cells are abundant resident cells of the respiratory tract and are able to release different inflammatory mediators rapidly following stimulation. Recently, mast cells have been associated with tissue damage during viral infections, but their role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remains unclear. In this study, we examined the profile of mast cell activation markers in the serum of COVID‐19 patients. We noticed that SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients showed increased carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) and decreased serotonin levels in their serum when compared with symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative patients. CPA3 levels correlated with C‐reactive protein, the number of circulating neutrophils, and quick SOFA. CPA3 in serum was a good biomarker for identifying severe COVID‐19 patients, whereas serotonin was a good predictor of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In summary, our results show that serum CPA3 and serotonin levels are relevant biomarkers during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This suggests that mast cells and basophils are relevant players in the inflammatory response in COVID‐19 and may represent targets for therapeutic intervention.
Graphical
Serum levels of CPA3 and serotonin are affected during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and can be considered as biomarkers during COVID‐19.
The preparation and self-assembly of novel G–C dinucleoside monomers that are equipped with electron-poor aryl groups at the G-N 2 amino group have been studied. Such monomers associate via ...Watson–Crick H-bonding into discrete unstrained tetrameric macrocycles that arise as a thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized product in a wide variety of experimental conditions, including very polar solvent environments and low concentrations. G-arylation produces an increased stability of the cyclic assembly, as a result of a subtle interplay between enthalpic and entropic effects involving the solvent coordination sphere.
Coastal ecosystems, and especially estuaries, are subject to environmental fluctuations that can be amplified by anthropogenic changes. Under a future scenario of global warming, temperature and ...salinity are likely to be altered and the persistence of macrophyte-dominated ecosystems can be compromised, particularly native or local seagrass communities. This study examined the response of the local seagrass Halophila ovalis to the joint effect of a short-term salinity increase and a transient temperature stress, through two mesocosm experiments. Warming caused a decline in Fv/Fm, TNC content in leaves and plant growth, and increased dark respiration, revealing clear detrimental symptoms of heat stress on plant metabolism and performance. Salinity increase in isolation favoured ramet survival. However, in combination with warming, salinity had a positive effect on Gross Pmax. This suggests that increased salinities might dampen the negative effects of high temperatures, buffering, to some extent, the impact of global warming in temperate estuaries.
•High temperature adversely affects H. ovalis at biochemical and physiological level.•Increased salinity has no negative effects on Halophila ovalis plant performance.•The simultaneous occurrence of warming and high salinity shows interactive effects.•High salinities seem to buffer the impacts of transient warming.
► Operational conditions have been optimised in anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. ► The conditions evaluated have been in mesophilic (35°C) and semicontinuous ...operational regime. ► The conclusions may help to increase the efficiency in the industrial process.
Dry mesophilic anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a widespread technology. However, OFMSW is a very heterogeneous waste and therefore specific studies are needed to optimise the AD process with each type of OFMSW that will be used. The main operational variables to optimise are the solids retention time (SRT) and the organic loading rate (OLR), which are closely related to each other when the concentration of organic matter of OFMSW remains relatively constant. In this work three different experimental conditions (corresponding to the SRT of 30, 20 and 15days) were tested in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor, operating at mesophilic range (35°C) and high solids concentration (20% TS). The OLR corresponding to the above mentioned SRT were 22.8, 27.3 and 35.9mgDOC/Lreactor/d, respectively.
The results obtained in this study indicate that 20days is the optimum SRT for the dry mesophilic anaerobic digestion of the OFMSW used. Thus, in general, all the parameters analysed show better performance for 20-day SRT with regard to 30-day and 15-day SRT. More specifically, it can be pointed out than at SRT of 20days (27.3mgDOC/Lreactor/d), both the highest productivity of methane (0.11LCH4/gwaste-fed) and the highest organic matter removal rate (66.3% DOC removal) were reached.
► There is high within-plant variability in metal content in the seagrass
Cymodocea nodosa. ► Metal content was generally higher in uptake organs (leaves and roots) than in rhizomes. ► Cd, Mn and Zn ...accumulate in leaves, Fe and Pb in roots and Cu and Ni in both. ► Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn show a similar trend in metal accumulation in these organs. ► Within-plant variability (among organs) can confound bio-monitoring results.
Differences in the accumulation of seven metallic elements, including micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and non-essential elements (Cd and Pb) among plant organs (leaves, roots and rhizomes) were examined in the seagrass
Cymodocea nodosa. Samples were taken from two coastal bays (Catalonia, Western Mediterranean), with a total of nine sampling sites encompassing different levels of metal availability. Metal content was generally higher in uptake organs (leaves and roots) than in rhizomes. However, accumulation in leaves and roots varied between elements. While Cd, Mn and Zn preferentially accumulate in leaves, Fe and Pb accumulate in roots and Cu and Ni in both. There were common spatial (between sites) trends in Cd, Mn, Cu and Zn accumulation in the three organs. However, these spatial trends varied according to the organ considered in the case of Fe, Pb, and Ni. Therefore, assessment of within-plant variability is strongly recommended prior to the use of
C. nodosa for biomonitoring purposes, at least for Fe, Pb, and Ni.
•Anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste has been studied.•The OFMSW comes from non-selective collection systems.•Thermophilic temperature, dry condition and semicontinuous ...regime have been selected.•The Solid Retention Time (SRT) was progressively decreased to optimize the process.•The methane yield and the organic material removal in each SRT were analyzed.
The thermophilic temperature has showed operational advantages in the Anaerobic Digestion process (AD). The increasing of the rate of hydrolysis, which suppose an acceleration of the overall process, and a higher hygienization of the final digestate are one of them. Dealing with OFMSW (Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste) from non-selective collection systems involves additional difficulties due to their heterogeneity. The AD process of OFMSW is conducted usually in the range of 20–35% TS (dry AD).
The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum Solids Retention Time (SRT) for the dry thermophilic AD of OFMSW operating in semi-continuous regime. Thus, the following SRTs have been tested: 15, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4 and 3days.
The main results have showed that the process is feasible in SRTs lower that those found in literature. Probably the history of the reactor, joined to the lower organic content in the waste, can be a key factor and the progressive decreasing of SRT is a strategy that permits to maintain stable conditions for lower SRT. The best operating conditions for thermophilic semicontinuous systems ranged in 8–5days, with a yield of 0.33–0.34 LCH4/gVSadded and a concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) around 100mg HAc/L. The process becomes unstable for SRTs lower than 4days, showing a clear decrease in methane productivity (lower than 0.2 LCH4/gVSadded) and an accumulation of VFA (more than 500mg HAc/L). In general, SRTs below 4days were not suitable for single stage of dry AD of OFMSW.
•Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion has been studied.•Industrial OFMSW from non-selective collection systems has been digested.•Thermophilic–mesophilic temperatures, dry condition and batch, have ...been selected.•Different thermophilic times were analyzed.•The methane yield and the organic material removal in each time were studied.
Anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes from non-selective collection systems is widely implemented at industrial scale. Classically, single-temperature anaerobic digestion systems (mesophilic or thermophilic) have been used although some limitations were found in the processes performance. However, the specific advantages of the two processes could be exploited by using a temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD). Thus, in this paper, the application of a TPAD process without microbiological separation (thermophilic 55°C–mesophilic 35°C) to the biomethanation of OFMSW has been studied.
The TPAD assays were carried out in batch reactors. The processing times for the thermophilic (55°C) stage have been located in the range from 12 to 3days. After the first stage, the waste treatment was continued in a second mesophilic reactor (35°C) until completing the degradation process.
The higher values for the organic matter removal (VS removal 82–85%) and the maximum specific growth rates of microorganisms (0.31–0.43days-1), were obtained for thermophilic phase operation at 5 and 4days, respectively. Lower operation times, namely 3-days, for thermophilic first-phase are viable and the methane productivity obtained was comparable with respect to that obtained in the above mentioned conditions (0.6L/gVSremoved). However, in this conditions, a decrease in the maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms (0.26days−1), a lower SV removal (75%), and a higher final amount of non-biodegradable substrate (1231mg/L) were obtained, working at 3days, despite of using higher operational times (29days). According to these results, it can be concluded than the optimum time for the thermophilic first-phase in TPAD would be between 5-days and 4-days.
Introduction
Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic that differs from the group in that it is a partial agonist of the D2 receptor, being also a partial agonist of 5HT1A and an antagonist of 5HT2A.Most ...antipsychotics cause a decrease in libido, affecting both sexual desire and function. According to the literature, D2 partial agonists can cause the appearance of compulsive behaviors as an adverse effect in 6-24% of patients. Among these behaviors you can find hypersexuality. In most cases, it subsides when treatment is stopped. We describe the case of a patient with bipolar disorder who develops hypersexual behaviors following the aripiprazole treatment. This is a 61-year-old bipolar patient receiving valproate and risperidone. It requires hospital admission due to manic symptoms where dysfunctional tremor is observed. Change from risperidone to aripiprazole. Subsequently, hypersexual behaviors appear, increased libido, obsession with sexual activities (compulsive masturbation with TV programs, mobile applications, cartoons) as well as delusional ideas about “receiving sexual gazes” with no other maniac symptomps.
Objectives
To determine the possibility that hypersexuality was induced by treatment with aripiprazole.
Methods
The appearance in the time line of hypersexuality after the change of treatment would be indicative of causality.
Results
After switching back to risperidone, compulsive sexual behaviors disappear but not the delusional idea of being the focus of sexual gazes by everyone.
Conclusions
Although it is not a common adverse effect, hypersexuality is listed in the literature as a rare adverse effect.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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