In cells, biosynthetic machinery coordinates protein synthesis and folding to optimize efficiency and minimize off-pathway outcomes. However, it has been difficult to delineate experimentally the ...mechanisms responsible. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we studied cotranslational folding of the first nucleotide-binding domain from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. During synthesis, folding occurred discretely via sequential compaction of N-terminal, α-helical, and α/β-core subdomains. Moreover, the timing of these events was critical; premature α-subdomain folding prevented subsequent core formation. This process was facilitated by modulating intrinsic folding propensity in three distinct ways: delaying α-subdomain compaction, facilitating β-strand intercalation, and optimizing translation kinetics via codon usage. Thus, de novo folding is translationally tuned by an integrated cellular response that shapes the cotranslational folding landscape at critical stages of synthesis.
The purpose of this research study was to determine if there is a relationship between the implementation phase of Response to Intervention (RTI), an academic multi-tiered system of support, and ...eighth grade students' mathematics, reading, and science Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments (MCAs) proficiency achievement. Data for this study were collected using a RTI phase survey sent via Qualtrics to Minnesota middle school principals and publicly accessible MCA proficiency data via the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE) website. The researcher analyzed data using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Each principal's survey response was aligned with the school's eighth grade students' achievement results as measured by the MCAs. A Pearson r analysis was completed to determine if a relationship existed between the variables. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) relationship between implementation stages of RTI and eighth grade students' mathematics and science MCA proficiency achievement in Minnesota middle schools. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and positive relationship between the implementation phase and eighth grade students' reading MCA proficiency achievement in Minnesota middle schools. The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.
The aim of this study was to aid in the distinction among hyperadductive dysphonias by evaluating peak glottal pressure, release burst, and mid and final airflow values across repeated /pa/ syllable ...trains.
Sixty subjects were assessed for aerodynamic patterns during onset-offset for the /papapapapa/ task in modal voice. Subject groups included adductory spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD), benign vocal fold lesion, primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD-1), secondary muscle tension dysphonia with an identifiable primary benign vocal fold lesion (MTD-2), vocal fold paresis or paralysis, and normal controls.
Increased peak pressure (PP) was found for AdSD and MTD-2 subjects compared with controls. Release burst and mid airflow were not significantly different among groups. Final airflow was significantly higher for AdSD compared with the other groups. Final airflow was significantly lower for MTD-1.
Significant differences in aerodynamics are seen in subjects with AdSD compared to MTD. AdSD was characterized by higher PP and higher final airflow. MTD-1 was characterized by lower final airflow, whereas MTD-2 was characterized by higher PP. Aerodynamic evaluation may aid in differential diagnosis for those patients in whom distinction among hyperadductive disorders is challenging.
Abstract
Background
A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained ...dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry.
Methods
Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening.
Results
About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95–100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97–100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76–87) to 94% (95% CI 89–98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70–82) to 92% (95% CI 88–96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only.
Conclusions
People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people.
Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Autumnal senescence is an important annual occurrence for many deciduous temperate species, as it is the final period for plants to regain limiting nutrients from leaf tissue. Effective ...remobilization requires efficient breakdown of cellular components and translocation into perennating tissues via the phloem, a vascular tissue primarily responsible for the transport of photoassimilates. Anthocyanins are a pigment that accumulate in some species during senescence and are hypothesized to confer a photoprotective role in senescing leaves. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated, in part, by sugar signaling, and girdling studies have linked phloem to anthocyanin accumulation to the augmentation of sugar concentrations in leaf tissue. While these studies show that halted translocation is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, natural changes in the phloem during autumnal senescence have yet to be examined with respect to anthocyanin. Here I elucidate how changes in phloem function (e.g., leaf carbon export and callose deposition) corresponds to soluble sugars and anthocyanin buildup in leaf tissue during senescence. I found that while phloem function declined throughout senescence, soluble sugars did not accumulate in leaf tissue. Despite this, anthocyanin content did significantly increase by the end of the season. Carbon export did not correlate to anthocyanin buildup or callose deposition. Instead, carbon export corresponded to changes in the proportions of leaf soluble sugars, while anthocyanic leaves were associated with higher fructose concentrations. My results indicate that soluble sugars are involved in multiple processes in senescing leaves and their relationship to anthocyanin and phloem is nuanced. This study provides insight into how phloem function declines during senescence, while prompting further studies into the regulation of phloem transport and how changes in this system may impact other leaf functions during autumnal senescence.
Objective
Eighteen percent of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes (T1D) occur in children ages 9 and younger, and the burden of diabetes management in young children predominantly falls on parents. ...Despite the significant amount of information parents must learn and implement quickly after diagnosis, little research has examined diabetes self‐efficacy in parents of young children soon after diagnosis in a longitudinal manner. The current study examined changes in parent diabetes self‐efficacy over time, and parent depressive symptoms and stress soon after child T1D diagnosis as predictors of parent diabetes self‐efficacy at 12‐ and 18‐months post‐diagnosis.
Research design and methods
One hundred fifty‐seven primary caregivers (91.7% female, 62.2% White, Non‐Hispanic) of young children (Mage = 4.47 ± 1.65 years, 54.8% female, 60% White, Non‐Hispanic) were recruited within 2 months of their child's T1D diagnosis from two pediatric hospitals in the United States as part of a randomized clinical trial. Parents self‐reported on their diabetes self‐efficacy, depressive symptoms, and stress and at baseline (Mdays since diagnosis = 29) and on parent diabetes self‐efficacy again 12‐ and 18‐months post‐diagnosis.
Results
Parent diabetes self‐efficacy significantly improved from baseline to 12‐months and 18‐months post‐diagnosis (p < 0.05). Parents exhibiting clinically elevated levels of depressive symptoms and stress at baseline had significantly lower parent diabetes self‐efficacy 12‐ and 18‐months post‐diagnosis compared to parents with normal levels of depressive symptoms and stress.
Conclusions
Brief interventions for parents with clinically elevated depressive symptoms and stress soon after their child's diagnosis may improve parents' diabetes self‐efficacy and ultimately support the management of their child's diabetes.
The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if, and to what extent, a relationship exists between authentic leadership behavior traits of transparency, internalized moral ...perspective, balanced processing, and self-awareness of directors of nursing and satisfaction and intention to leave of direct care workers in assisted living facilities in a Midwest region of the US. The theoretical foundation was comprised of Authentic Leadership Theory, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Price’s Turnover Theory. Data were collected from 84 direct care workers who completed three surveys: Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Mueller and McCloskey Job Satisfaction Scale, and Anticipated Turnover Scale. Data analysis was conducted using a Spearman’s correlation. A significant relationship was found between authentic leadership behavior transparency of directors of nursing and job satisfaction (p < 0.001, rs = 0.536) and turnover of direct care workers (p < 0.001, rs = -0.406), a relationship between the authentic leadership behavior internalized moral perspective of directors of nursing and job satisfaction (p < 0.001, rs = 0.450) and turnover of direct care workers (p < 0.001, rs = -0.318), a relationship between the authentic leadership behavior balanced processing of directors of nursing and job satisfaction (p < 0.001, rs = 0.632) and turnover of direct care workers (p < 0.001, rs = -0.483), and a relationship between the authentic leadership behavior self-awareness of directors of nursing and job satisfaction (p <0.001, rs = 0.609) and turnover of direct care workers (p <0.001, rs = -0.463).
In Vitro Methods for CFTR Biogenesis Matsumura, Yoshihiro; Rooney, LeeAnn; Skach, William R.
Cystic Fibrosis,
2011, Letnik:
741
Book Chapter, Journal Article
Cell-free expression systems provide unique tools for understanding CFTR biogenesis because they reconstitute the cellular folding environment and are readily amenable to biochemical and ...pharmacological manipulation. The most common system for this purpose is rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), supplemented with either canine pancreatic microsomes or semi-permeabilized cells, which has yielded important insights into the folding of CFTR and its individual domains. A common problem in such studies, however, is that biogenesis of large proteins such as CFTR is often inefficient due to low translation processivity, ribosome stalling, and/or premature termination. The first part of this chapter therefore describes parameters that affect in vitro translation of CFTR in RRL. We have found that CFTR expression is uniquely dependent upon 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mRNA. Full-length CFTR expression can be markedly increased using mRNA lacking a 5′-cap analog (G(5′)ppp(5′)G), whereas the reverse usually holds for smaller proteins and individual CFTR domains. In the context of the full-length mRNA, translation was further stimulated by the presence of a long 3′-UTR. The second part of this chapter describes CFTR translation in lysates derived from cultured mammalian cells including human bronchial epithelial cells. Unfortunately, mammalian cell-derived lysates showed limited ability to sustain full-length CFTR synthesis. However, they provide a unique opportunity to examine specific CFTR domains (i.e., nucleotide-binding domain 1 and transmembrane domain 1) under conditions that more closely resemble the native folding environment.
This study explored aspects of resilience as experienced by mental health nurses in a high secure service. The aim of this research was to explore resilience for the participants and to develop a ...concept analysis of resilience in settings of this kind. There have been many studies on the occupational challenges for nurses (Sabo 2006, Van Den Tooren and De Jonge 2008, Riahi 2011) although relatively few have focussed exclusively on mental health nurses (Jones et al 1987, Dunn and Ritter 1995, Nihiwatiwa 2001, Gilbody et al 2006). Several studies have noted distinct features of the work which are particular to mental health nurses: the intense nature of the interactions with patients (Cronin-Stubbs and Brophy 1985); the regular confrontation of difficult and challenging behaviours (Sullivan 1993); violence and threats from patients and relatives (Tillett 2003); and resources and staffing (Alexander et al 1998). Caring for patients with a personality disorder is noted in the literature as being particularly challenging and demanding for mental health nurses (Murphy and McVey 2003, Bowers 2002, Wright, Haigh and McKeown 2007, Westwood and Baker 2010, Bodner et al 2015, Dickens et al 2015, Dickens et al 2016). Mixed methodology was used to profile nurses' resilience in this environment, using a validated questionnaire. In-depth semi-structured interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). A concept analysis of resilience in this environment was developed using the data gathered in this way, synthesised with existing literature. The profile of resilience demonstrated that that the majority of the respondents felt in control, enjoy a challenge, work to achieve goals and take pride in their achievements. The characteristics of 'hardiness', 'bounce back' and 'cognitive appraisal' emerged as key characteristics associated with resilience. Four superordinate themes emerged from the analysis of the staff interviews: management of emotions, teamwork, understanding and work-life balance. The theme of management of emotions highlighted that boundaries were necessary, and it was essential not to get caught up in the patients' emotions. 'Giving care' rather than caring personally was felt to be important. Team work emerged as a key issue, and involved the need to talk things over with trusted colleagues, the expectation that team members and managers would notice and intervene when someone appeared to be in need of support; and having managers who were approachable and available. The theme of understanding included an awareness of the nature of personality disorders and the effect this can have on interactions; and a need for reflection, supervision and coping with interpersonal challenges was highlighted. All of the participants spoke of the need for a work-life balance, making a conscious effort to keep the worlds of work and home separate, keeping physically healthy, and spending time with family and friends. This was embodied in the phrase 'leaving it at the gate' which was used to characterise the separation of the two worlds. A concept analysis of resilience was developed by synthesising new empirical data along with existing literature. The study developed a practice-based definition of resilience in the context of working with personality disordered patients in a secure environment, together with the identification of characteristics of the workplace environment that can assist with and facilitate the capacity for 'bouncing back'. The three main findings of the study were that the constituents of resilience in this staff group are hardiness, bounce back and cognitive appraisal. This adds new perspectives about what helps staff to work positively with challenging patients in mental health nursing. These new contributions to knowledge and practice can be used by organisations to develop targeted interventions in promoting wellbeing at work, reducing work related stress, and aiding recruitment and retention. In secure environments mental health nurses need organisational support and assistance with developing ways of managing difficult experiences with patients, systems that promote recovery, and the educational and supervisory support to help understand and process the effects on them.
