Croatia belongs to countries where abortion is conditionally permitted. The total number of abortions decreased by 39.7 % in the period 2000-2015, with the largest decrease of 60.1 % in legally ...induced cases. A constant drop in their number is observed, from 170 to 80/1,000, which is an abortion rate reduction of 52.9 % (P <0.001) . The number of women of fertile age is constantly decreasing. In the period 2000–2015, there was a decrease in the number of women by 88,432, or by 10.1 %. At the same time, registered abortion rates ranged from 14.7 to 10.7/1.000, respectively from 7.6 to 3.8/1.000 women of fertile age (P <0.001). The same trend is also present when the data are presented as an abortion rate of 1,000 births. In the
observed period, the abortion rate in Croatia dropped significantly from 154.4/1000 to 76.6/1.000. Legally-induced abortions in 2015 were most common in the age group 30–39 (45.5 % of all abortions), and the lowest in the group up to 19 years (7.5 %). Among women seeking abortion, most are those who did not give birth (31 %), and then those who already have two children (29.5 %).
Hrvatska ulazi u zemlje u kojima je pobacaj uvjetno doputen. Ukupan broj pobacaja smanjen je od 2000. do 2015. za 39,7%, pri cemu je najveci pad od 60,1% kod legalno induciranih. Uocava se stalan ...pad njihova broja, sa 170 na 80/1000, to je sniavanje stope pobacaja za cak 52,9% (P < 0,001). Neprekidno se smanjuje broj ena fertilne dobi. Od 2000. do 2015. dolo je do smanjenja broja ena za 88 432, odnosno za 10,1%. Istodobno je dolo do pada stope registriranih pobacaja sa 14,7 na 10,7/1000, odnosno sa 7,6 na 3,8/1000 ena fertilne dobi (P < 0,001). Isti trend vidi se i kad se podaci prikau kao stopa pobacaja na 1000 porodaja. U Hrvatskoj je u promatranom razdoblju dolo do znatnoga pada sa 154,4/1000 na 76,6/1000. Legalno inducirani pobacaji u 2015. bili su najceci u dobnoj skupini od 30. do 39. godine ivota (45,5% svih pobacaja), a najnii u skupini do 19 godina (7,5%). Medu enama koje trae pobacaj najvie je onih koje nisu rodile (31%), a zatim onih koje vec imaju dvoje djece (29,5%). Kljucne rijeci: pobacaj, stope, znacaj, Republika Hrvatska Croatia belongs to countries where abortion is conditionally permitted. The total number of abortions decreased by 39.7% in the period 2000-2015, with the largest decrease of 60.1% in legally induced cases. A constant drop in their number is observed, from 170 to 80/1,000, which is an abortion rate reduction of 52.9% (P <0.001). The number of women of fertile age is constantly decreasing. In the period 2000-2015, there was a decrease in the number of women by 88,432, or by 10.1 %. At the same time, registered abortion rates ranged from 14.7 to 10.7/1.000, respectively from 7.6 to 3.8/1.000 women of fertile age (P <0.001). The same trend is also present when the data are presented as an abortion rate of 1,000 births. In the observed period, the abortion rate in Croatia dropped significantly from 154.4/1000 to 76.6/1.000. Legally-induced abortions in 2015 were most common in the age group 30-39 (45.5% of all abortions), and the lowest in the group up to 19 years (7.5%). Among women seeking abortion, most are those who did not give birth (31%), and then those who already have two children (29.5%). Keywords: abortion, rates, importance, Republic of Croatia
The first part of this paper presents the structure of health care institutions in the Republic of Croatia (health centres, clinical teaching hospitals, clinical hospitals, clinics, general ...hospitals, special hospitals, public health institutes, emergency care stations, polyclinics, institutions of occupational health, pharmacies, nursing care institutions and health companies). The educational structure of health care staff is shown, as well as the number of inhabitants per single health care worker. Significant indicators are the population number per single physician and the number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the number of health care workers with bachelor degree was compared with the number of health care workers with high school degree in the Republic of Croatia and the Bjelovar-Bilogora County. This partially refers to the health care staff of the Bjelovar General Hospital and the “Daruvarske Toplice” Special Hospital. In the second part of the paper, data on primary health protection at the level of general medicine in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County and in the Republic of Croatia are shown. A couple of data are used to present the operation of the specialist and polyclinic facilities. In the third part, data on the operation of stationary health care institutions in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County are compared with those for the whole area of the Republic of Croatia. Data on the number of beds and the number of doctors, the number of days of treatment and the usage of beds are shown. The objective of this paper is to present the health care structure in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County in comparison with the one in the Republic of Croatia. The health care structure directly influences the health protection quality of the population.
This paper presents basic data on Croatian population and vital events, such as the age structure and natural trends in a period of twenty years (1991-2010). The data on birth and mortality rate, ...natural trends and general fertility rate are shown for the aforementioned period. These data for the Bjelovar-Bilogora County are compared with the ones for Croatia on the whole, with the purpose of highlighting certain health features and indicators. Furthermore, infant mortality in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County was compared with the one in the whole of Croatia in a period of ten years (2001-2010). One of the significant public health indicators of health care is the peri-natal mortality rate. Therefore, the situation in the County was compared with the situation in Croatia in the last ten years. In Croatia, death causes are adequately recorded according to groups of diseases. Therefore, each mortality rate according to gender in the County was compared with the ones in other counties and in Croatia on the whole. Based on the presented data, it is possible to recognise mortality causes for various population groups (age, gender) in the County compared with the same indicators in Croatia. These indicators may be useful for health care services, especially for public health service, as a guideline in the implementation of specific prevention measures directed toward the early detection and treatment of certain pathological statuses for the purpose of decreasing the mortality arising from individual causes.
The total number of Croatian Army soldiers killed in the period from the beginning of July 1991 until the end of March 1992 was 487. The number of severely wounded was 1,160, and 1,141 soldiers were ...slightly wounded. The ratio of the killed to wounded was 1:5, except in the municipality of Osijek, where it was 1:2.5. The number of casualties increased continually and culminated during November 1991, the period of fiercest fighting in this territory, followed by a gradual decrease. The most common mechanism of injury was explosives, which were responsible for almost half of all casualties (47.9%). An equal number of soldiers were killed by explosives and infantry weapons (46.4% and 44.9%, respectively). Casualties caused by motor vehicle crashes are not to be ignored, especially after the cease-fire agreement. Car crashes frequently resulted in death (from 4.5%-12.4%).
The article presents the basic principles of health care, health care measures and strategic objectives of these measures in Croatia. The health of the population does not depend solely on the ...activities of the health care system but also on various demographic indicators. Our success in implementing health care depends largely on the structure of health facilities and health workers. The Croatian health system in late 2013 had permanently employed 74,489 workers. Out of these, 77% were health care workers. Most health care workers had only secondary school education (37.7%); physicians represented 17.4% of the workforce. On assessing the health of the population, certain health indicators are of utmost importance. The leading cause of deaths were circulatory diseases (in 2012, 24,988 persons died, 585.5/100,000). Neoplasms were the cause of death in 13,940 persons (326.6/100,000), then injuries and poisoning (69.1/100,000), diseases of the gastrointestinal system (53.1/100,000), and respiratory diseases (50.4/100,000). Data are presented on the basis of diseases reported from several national registries (cancer, psychoactive drug abuse, the disabled, diabetes, and suicides). The importance of vaccination for the control of infectious diseases in Croatia is especially emphasized, as well as the experience and excellent results achieved in this area. The epidemiological situation in Croatia in terms of infectious diseases can be assessed as favorable. This is due to the general living conditions, which contributed to the entire health system, making Croatia equal to other developed countries of Europe and throughout the world.
The article presents the basic principles of health care, health care measures and strategic objectives of these measures in Croatia. The health of the population does not depend solely on the ...activities of the health care system but also on various demographic indicators. Our success in implementing health care depends largely on the structure of health facilities and health workers. The Croatian health system in late 2013 had permanently employed 74,489 workers. Out of these, 77% were health care workers. Most health care workers had only secondary school education (37.7%); physicians represented 17.4% of the workforce. On assessing the health of the population, certain health indicators are of utmost importance. The leading cause of deaths were circulatory diseases (in 2012, 24,988 persons died, 585.5/100,000). Neoplasms were the cause of death in 13,940 persons (326.6/100,000), then injuries and poisoning (69.1/100,000), diseases of the gastrointestinal system (53.1/100,000), and respiratory diseases (50.4/100,000). Data are presented on the basis of diseases reported from several national registries (cancer, psychoactive drug abuse, the disabled, diabetes, and suicides). The importance of vaccination for the control of infectious diseases in Croatia is especially emphasized, as well as the experience and excellent results achieved in this area. The epidemiological situation in Croatia in terms of infectious diseases can be assessed as favorable. This is due to the general living conditions, which contributed to the entire health system, making Croatia equal to other developed countries of Europe and throughout the world.
The aim of the study was to explore the characteristics of Internet use among elementary school eighth-graders in the Bjelo- var-Bilogora County, to evaluate gender and sociodemographic differences, ...and to examine predictors for Internet addiction. The study included 437 (female 51%) eighth-graders, mean age 13.8 ± 0.5 years. An anonymous questionnaire was used to measure the participants' Internet use, the functions for which they used Internet, their parents' attitude towards the child's Internet use, and their signs of Internet addiction. Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate predictors for Internet addiction. The majority of children (71.5%) reported using Internet every day. Considering important risk factors of Internet addiction development, we found that 32% of children almost always stayed on-line longer than intended, 13% of boys and 4% of girls almost always neglected chores to spend more time on-line and 51.7% of children thought their life would be boring and uninteresting without the Internet. There was no significant difference between urban and rural students. In terms of the function for which they used the Internet, they were mostly engaged in on-line community/chat websites (70%), to listen to music and watch movies (81 %), and boys in gaming websites. Most of the students (43.4%) spent 1-2 hours daily on-line, 26.2% of students spent 3-4 hours on-line, and 9% spent more than 5 hours daily on-line. In conclusion, more public health preventive measures should be conducted to raise public awareness and concern about the negative effect of Internet use and Internet addiction, especially in the young population.
At their workplace, nurses are exposed to a number of conflict situations. On dealing with such situations, a significant role is played by assertiveness skills. Assertiveness is the necessity of ...efficient communication between nurses and patients. Thus, development of these skills can enhance patient confidence in the nursing profession. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are differences in assertiveness with respect to age and sex, and whether there is and what is the connection between assertiveness, potential sources of conflict at work, conflicts due to the behavior of associates, resolving conflicts and self-assessment in resolving conflicts. The survey included 87 hospital nurses. The questionnaire included assessment of assertiveness. On processing the results, we calculated the indicators of descriptive statistics, carried out the variance analysis and t-test, and calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients. It was found that the majority of subjects expressed a medium level of assertiveness, i.e. they could be considered as relatively assertive persons. There were significant differences in assertiveness according to age of the subjects and length of service, where the oldest age group was significantly less assertive. More assertive subjects frequently observed behaviors that may be a source of conflict and problems in the organization of work. At the same time, they often had conflicts because of such behavior, which indicated that more assertive subjects were bolder and more secure. More assertive subjects believed that they were more successful in resolving conflicts than non-assertive subjects.
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