The cruise industry has become a significant component of the Mediterranean tourism economy over the past several years. The use of a tourist destination region calls for an increase in the number of ...medium-distance trips from the ports of call to the tourist attractions of the hinterland; thus, its accessibility should acquire a relevant role for its enhancement and viability. The development of a sustainable model of tourist mobility requires analysing the potential use of public transport by cruise passengers to access the hinterland. This paper proposes a model of estimated times using the Google Maps platform to compare public transport with traditional ‘tourist buses’ and cars. The results confirm the potential of regionalisation of main cruise destinations, and promoting bicycles for tourist use is recommended as a key strategy to increase the use of public transport.
•The existence of a potential tourist region for the main Mediterranean port of calls is.•Established.•Public transport may be highly competitive with resources located within a range of 60'.•Italy stands out for its great potential of tourist regionalisation.•The tourist bicycle can enhance the use of public transport in the cruise tourism hinterland.
So far, the garden city model has been analysed and adopted by scholars, urban planners, and institutions to design garden cities, new towns, and suburban communities as new settlements from scratch ...around the world. In contrast, this paper explores the potentialities of such a model to provide a multi-faceted approach based on territorial, socio-economic, and urban planning strategies, thus offering a series of policies to combat a wide range of issues in existing communities. For that purpose, this paper provides a new approach about the garden city model through the case studies of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City and latest updated models to form a new scheme with the capability to encourage the decentralisation of population and means of production across the territory, develop cooperatives to achieve a self-financing system and affordable housing in existing communities, and implement the garden cities’ design principles for the regeneration and expansion of existing settlements towards a sustainable, attractive, self-reliant and prosperous future.
•Revision of the Garden City model for the development of existing settlements.•Historiographical, sociological and planning research of two case studies: Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City.•The Garden City model as an alternative that integrates mobility, self-financing and rural/urban design principles for existing settlements.
A wide range of expressions have been used to refer to residential mobilities related to leisure, a complex phenomenon whose conceptual boundaries continue to be difficult to determine under the ...conventional theories of tourism or migration. This study seeks to carry out a comprehensive and unbiased literature review to develop insights on an intricate context with contentious opinions about the operability of terms and a lack of precision regarding conceptual delimitations. By analysing the use of expressions over time, the regions involved, the research methods applied, and the themes covered, the contributions are a clear overview of the terminology employed and an overall picture of the research thus far covered. As a result, a polarized academic debate with two research trends is unearthed: on the one hand, the studies mainly preoccupied about emigrants' issues; and on the other hand, those essentially concerned with the effects triggered on destinations.
El envejecimiento progresivo de la población mundial es un fenómeno que preocupa a instituciones y organismos nacionales e internacionales. El envejecimiento en el lugar supone una tendencia deseada ...por las personas mayores que han vivido mucho tiempo en una comunidad; sin embargo, cuenta con cuatros grandes problemas de este sector de la población: la soledad, la obsolescencia de las viviendas, la falta de recursos ante la incertidumbre económica de las pensiones, y el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Este artículo pretende avanzar en las investigaciones sobre cooperativismo de personas mayores, a partir del concepto de cooperativa vecinal, entendida como una empresa social donde participan todos los vecinos de una barriada con el fin de dotar a sus socios de todas las prestaciones de habitabilidad con una aportación económica muy reducida. Esta investigación analiza su viabilidad económica en el sector específico de las personas mayores, al permitir obtener las prestaciones específicas de este sector de población (incluida la mejora de la vivienda y resolver los problemas de soledad obligada) y gestionar además un parque social de alquiler, en unos momentos de dificultad del acceso a la vivienda de alquiler. Se propone una metodología basado en el estudio económico de una implantación teórica en un caso de estudio en Málaga. El estudio concluye analizando la viabilidad económica y el incremento en las prestaciones sociales que permite su implantación, gracias a la contratación de auxiliares de apoyo, en la oferta de alquiler social a precio tasado.
L’envelliment progressiu de la població mundial és un fenomen que preocupa institucions i organismes nacionals i internacionals. L’envelliment en el lloc suposa una tendència desitjada per les persones grans que han viscut molt temps en una comunitat; però, compta amb quatre grans problemes d’aquest sector de la població: la solitud, l’obsolescència dels habitatges, la manca de recursos davant la incertesa econòmica de les pensions, i l’impacte de la pandèmia del COVID-19. Aquest article pretén avançar en les investigacions sobre cooperativisme de persones grans, a partir del concepte de cooperativa veïnal, entesa com una empresa social on participen tots els veïns d’una barriada per tal de dotar els seus socis de totes les prestacions d’habitabilitat amb una aportació econòmica molt reduïda. Aquesta investigació analitza la seva viabilitat econòmica en el sector específic de la gent gran, al permetre obtenir les prestacions específiques d’aquest sector de població (inclosa la millora de l’habitatge i resoldre els problemes de soledat obligada) i gestionar més un parc social de lloguer, en uns moments de dificultat de l’accés a l’habitatge de lloguer. Es proposa una metodologia basat en l’estudi econòmic d’una implantació teòrica en un cas d’estudi a Màlaga. L’estudi conclou analitzant la viabilitat econòmica i l’increment en les prestacions socials que permet la seva implantació, gràcies a la contractació d'auxiliars de suport, en l’oferta de lloguer social a preu taxat.
The progressive aging of the world population is a phenomenon that worries national and international institutions and organizations. Aging in the place is a trend desired by older people who have lived a long time in a community, however, it has four major problems in this sector of the population: loneliness, obsolescence of housing, lack of resources given the economic uncertainty of pensions, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to advance research on cooperativism of older people, based on the concept of neighborhood cooperative, understood as a social enterprise where all the residents of a neighborhood participate to provide their members with all the habitability benefits with a low economic contribution. This research analyzes its economic viability in the specific sector of the elderly, by making it possible to obtain the specific benefits of this sector of the population (including the improvement of housing and solving the problems of forced solitude), also managing a social rental park, in moments of difficult access to rental housing. A methodology based on the economic study of a theoretical implementation in a case study in Malaga is proposed. The study concludes by analyzing the economic viability and the increase in social benefits that allows its implementation, thanks to the hiring of support assistants, in the offer of social rent at an appraised price.
The increase in cruise activity in Mediterranean port cities is overwhelming historic centres and tourist resources with implications in traffic congestion. Mobility is an important criterion for ...cruise destinations, besides being an economic resource for the city. The massification of destinations is forcing the adoption of sustainable approaches based on public transport. Starting with a comparative study of the main Mediterranean cruise ports, we define four indicators to identify different levels of the pressure range relating the volume of passengers to the local population, the level of port infrastructure, and the condition of the homeport. The results are classified into four settings, whose geographical distribution confirms the inherent imbalance of cruise ship activity in the Mediterranean. The dependence of a port on its status as a tourist destination, in addition to its geographical and urban conditions, facilitates the development of sustainable public transport as compared with the main destinations.
•Shows the territorial imbalance of cruise activity in main Mediterranean cruise ports.•Classifies the main Mediterranean cruise ports in four categories, according to their urban and transport features.•Demonstrates the main European continental homeports are the major cultural tourist destinations.•Emphasizes the condition of dependent ports.
The modification of glucose import capacity is an engineering strategy that has been shown to improve the characteristics of Escherichia coli as a microbial factory. A reduction in glucose import ...capacity can have a positive effect on production strain performance, however, this is not always the case. In this study, E. coli W3110 and a group of four isogenic derivative strains, harboring single or multiple deletions of genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)-dependent transporters as well as non-PTS transporters were characterized by determining their transcriptomic response to reduced glucose import capacity. These strains were grown in bioreactors with M9 mineral salts medium containing 20 g/L of glucose, where they displayed specific growth rates ranging from 0.67 to 0.27 h.sup.-1, and specific glucose consumption rates (qs) ranging from 1.78 to 0.37 g/g h. RNA-seq analysis revealed a transcriptional response consistent with carbon source limitation among all the mutant strains, involving functions related to transport and metabolism of alternate carbon sources and characterized by a decrease in genes encoding glycolytic enzymes and an increase in gluconeogenic functions. A total of 107 and 185 genes displayed positive and negative correlations with qs, respectively. Functions displaying positive correlation included energy generation, amino acid biosynthesis, and sugar import. Changes in gene expression of E. coli strains with impaired glucose import capacity could be correlated with qs values and this allowed an inference of the physiological state of each mutant. In strains with lower qs values, a gene expression pattern is consistent with energy limitation and entry into the stationary phase. This physiological state could explain why these strains display a lower capacity to produce recombinant protein, even when they show very low rates of acetate production. The comparison of the transcriptomes of the engineered strains employed as microbial factories is an effective approach for identifying favorable phenotypes with the potential to improve the synthesis of biotechnological products.
The tourist development along the Mediterranean coast, especially on the coast of Spain, France and Italy, has caused a huge urban expansion and consolidation of a highly densified harbour front. The ...environmental consequences should bring about the future growth of the existing system of ports through its re-qualification development. The article provides a list of 6 strategies for the future improvement of ports that correspond to the areas of research in the international port literature. These ideas had been deeply developed in previous works from different disciplines, but they are now put together in order to offer a general vision of the debate: (1) marine strategy and integrated coastal management, (2) sustainable port infrastructures, (3) port networking initiatives, (4) regionalization of ports, (5) urban and landscape connectivity, and (6) social integration of ports. The text collects some literature on each of the views and suggests throughout the topics some ideas to be considered for existing ports in general and specifically for the Spanish Mediterranean ports.
•ICM and Marine Strategy: commitments made by different countries as an opportunity to review the existing port policies.•Sustainable port infrastructure. The future of harbour dredging research and “working with nature philosophy”.•The study of some innovative projects predicts numerous networking possibilities, as in the Spanish Mediterranean coast.•Landscape Architecture becomes an essential discipline for the integration of ports with their natural environment.•Ports can be places of innovation and opportunity by including new activities for local communities.
Tourist demands and the ensuing commodification of habitability in cities have led to the emergence of resistance movements. This study aims to define patterns in touristified cities by measuring the ...presence of citizen initiatives, together with tourism intensification and related socio-demographic variables. All the indicators have been tested in the Mediterranean port cities of Barcelona and Malaga as they lead the cultural offer. Both municipalities have been analysed at census-section level and show a common urban pattern: the Airbnb offer has spread out in the old town in direct competition with traditional accommodation and replacing long-term rentals. Statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation among citizen initiatives with tourism services, which are the driver mechanisms behind the movements. Cluster maps show a clear centre-periphery pattern according to the tourism intensification set with high coefficient values for tourist accommodation. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation indicates that protest movements emerge in tourism specialisation areas with a high concentration of tourist facilities. Monitoring the proposed indicator system over time may serve as a basis for local administrations to promote new urban policies dealing with overtourism. Future research may redefine and include new variables, test other tourist destinations and consider a smaller non-administrative territorial unit of analysis.
Not only the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), but also researchers have called for the involvement of local communities in the management of intangible ...cultural heritage (ICH) in the last decade. Despite awareness of this need for local involvement, there is no consensus regarding common criteria and implementation methods, especially in the case of small urban neighbourhoods. This research seeks to fill that gap by exploring different participatory actions with local communities in the neighbourhoods to identify and inventory their ICH. A participatory process was conducted in the Fontanalla neighbourhood of the city of Malaga and included expert opinions and local knowledge. Informal interviews, observational works and participatory actions were used to collect extensive data, which was then categorised and analysed. The results allowed the singularities and traditions to be recognised as part of their ICH. An ICH inventory is proposed with the involvement of the local community. The results from collected data and the suggested methodology to activate ICH participatory processes are expected to be useful for researchers and practitioners working on Intangible Cultural Heritage as well as Urban Regeneration in cities.
Historic centres are undergoing a series of urban transformations as a consequence of the processes of touristification, and they are mainly located in pedestrianised public spaces. The consequences ...of the touristification of public space are manifested in its privatisation via the occupation of catering locals and changes to the uses of adjacent buildings. Recent literature has studied the touristification of the neighbourhood unit in an exhaustive way, but it has only studied specific variables of the public space unit. Therefore, an exhaustive study is needed to bring these variables together regarding the public space unit. This study proposes a methodology for categorising public space in terms of use, with the aim of identifying different patterns of activities with respect to touristification. To this end, a system of use indicators is defined according to the public space and adjacent buildings. This methodology has been tested in the Historic Centre of Malaga, analysing a sample of 54 public spaces and categorising them into five different patterns. This categorisation could facilitate the planning and regulation by local administrations of activities in the public space of the Historic Centre.
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