Answering a longstanding problem originating in Christensen’s seminal work on Haar null sets
Math. Scand.
28
(1971), 124–128;
Israel J. Math.
13
(1972), 255–260;
Topology and Borel Structure. ...Descriptive Topology and Set Theory with Applications to Functional Analysis and Measure Theory
, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 10 (Notas de Matematica, No. 51). (North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam–London; American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1974), iii+133 pp, we show that a universally measurable homomorphism between Polish groups is automatically continuous. Using our general analysis of continuity of group homomorphisms, this result is used to calibrate the strength of the existence of a discontinuous homomorphism between Polish groups. In particular, it is shown that, modulo
$\text{ZF}+\text{DC}$
, the existence of a discontinuous homomorphism between Polish groups implies that the Hamming graph on
$\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$
has finite chromatic number.
We study uniform and coarse embeddings between Banach spaces and topological groups. A particular focus is put on equivariant embeddings, that is, continuous cocycles associated to continuous affine ...isometric actions of topological groups on separable Banach spaces with varying geometry.
Objective
To evaluate the value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism (CH) in patients with pituitary disease.
Methods
Systematic evaluation of ...359 TRH tests in patients with pituitary disease including measurements of thyroxine (T4), TBG-corrected T4 (T4
corr
), baseline TSH (TSH
0
) and relative or absolute TSH increase (TSH
fold
, TSH
absolute
).
Results
Patients diagnosed with CH (n=39) show comparable TSH
0
(p-value 0.824) but lower T4
corr
(p-value <0.001) and lower TSH increase (p-value <0.001) compared to patients without CH. In 54% (42 of 78 cases) of patients with low T4
corr
, the CH diagnosis was rejected based on a high TSH
fold
. In these cases, a spontaneous increase and mean normalization in T4
corr
(from 62 to 73 nmol/L, p-value <0.001) was observed during the follow-up period (7.6 ± 5.0 years). Three of the 42 patients (7%) were started on replacement therapy due to spontaneous deterioration of thyroid function after 2.8 years. Patients diagnosed with CH reported significantly more symptoms of hypothyroidism (p-value 0.005), although, symptoms were reported in most patients with pituitary disease. The TRH test did not provide clinical relevant information in patients with normal T4 or patients awaiting pituitary surgery (78%, 281 of 359). There were only mild and reversible adverse effects related to the TRH test except for possibly one case (0.3%) experiencing a pituitary apoplexy.
Conclusion
The TRH test could be reserved to patients with pituitary disease, low T4 levels without convincing signs of CH. Approximately 50% of patients with a slightly decreased T4 were considered to have normal pituitary thyroid function based on the TRH test results.
Under the weak assumption on a Banach space $E$ that $E\oplus E$ embeds isomorphically into $E$, we provide a characterisation of when a Banach space $X$ coarsely embeds into $E$ via a single ...numerical invariant.
To study the time-dependent changes in disease features of Danish patients with acromegaly, including treatment modalities, biochemical outcome, and comorbidities, with a particular focus on cancer ...and mortality.
Pertinent acromegaly-related variables were collected from 739 patients diagnosed since 1990. Data are presented across three decades (1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2021) based on the year of diagnosis or treatment initiation.
Adenoma size and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels at diagnosis did not differ significantly between study periods. The risk of being diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease, sleep apnea, joint disease, and osteoporosis increased from the 1990s to the later decades, while the mortality risk declined to nearly half. The risk of cancer did not significantly change. Treatment changed toward the use of more medical therapy, and fewer patients underwent repeat surgeries or pituitary irradiation. A statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients achieving IGF-I normalization within 3-5 years was observed over time (69%, 83%, and 88%). The proportion of patients with three or more deficient pituitary hormones decreased significantly over time.
Modern medical treatment regimens of acromegaly as well as increased awareness and improved diagnostics for its comorbidities have led to better disease control, fewer patients with severe hypopituitarism, and declining mortality in the Danish cohort of acromegaly patients. The risk of cancer did not increase over the study period.
Background: Arterial puncture is considered the gold standard for obtaining blood gas and acid-base values and facilitates the assessment of acutely and critically ill patients, as well as control of ...patients in long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Substitutional capillary sampling has been proposed, as researchers cite lower complication rates, physician independence, lower degree of invasiveness and higher degree of patient comfort. An arterialised earlobe is considered the method of choice to obtain capillary blood sampling, but in an acute setting, the need for vasodilating pastes may be time-consuming and impractical.
The aim of this study is to examine whether accurate blood gas and acid-base measurements can be obtained using non-arterialised fingertip blood.
Materials and methods: Consecutive arterial punctures and non-arterialised capillary blood samples were drawn from 62 patients with stable-phase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and subsequently analysed. Agreement between arterial and capillary blood gas values was compared using the method recommended by Bland and Altman.
Results: Results show that limits of agreement (LoA) regarding PO
2
(LoA: −1.27-4.45 kPa); Base Excess (LoA: −1.35-0.55); lactate (LoA: −0.77-0.20 mmol/l) and SO
2
(LoA: −0.02-0.06) are wider than what would be applicable for clinical use. However, clinically acceptable LoA were obtained regarding PCO
2
(LoA: −0.64-0.38 kPa); pH (LoA: −0.02-0.03), and HCO
3
−
(LoA: −1.06-0.55 mmol/l).
Conclusion: LoA for PCO
2
, pH and HCO
3
−
indicate that measurement of these parameters in non-arterialised capillary blood may be useful in clinical practice/an acute setting.
What this paper adds:
Capillary blood sampling provides a fast, non-invasive means of obtaining blood gas-values;
Traditionally, capillary blood sampling for blood gas analysis is obtained from the earlobe using arterialisation;
The present study presents accurate measurements of PCO
2
, HCO
3
−
and pH using non-arterialised fingertip capillary blood;
The present study is the first to show this in a population of stable-phase COPD patients.
Abstract Study Objective To determine and interpret the changes in preload, afterload, and cardiac function in the different phases of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Design Prospective, ...observational monocenter study. Setting Operating room at a university hospital. Patients 31 consecutive, ASA physical status 1, 2, and 3 patients. Interventions Observations were made at 5 distinct time points: baseline after induction of anesthesia, after initiation of capnoperitoneum, immediately after a 45° head-down tilt, 15 minutes after the 45° head-down tilt was established, after the release of the capnoperitoneum, and 5 minutes after the patient was returned to a horizontal position (end). Measurements Transpulmonary thermodilution and pulse contour analysis were used to record hemodynamic changes in preload, afterload, and cardiac function. Main Results While central venous pressure increased threefold from baseline, none of the other preload parameters showed excessive fluid overload or demand. There was no significant change in cardiac contractility over time. Afterload increased significantly during the capnoperitoneum and significantly decreased compared with baseline after the release of abdominal pressure at the end of the procedure. Heart rate and cardiac index increased significantly during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Conclusions Selective arterial vasodilation at the time of capnoperitoneum may normalize afterload and myocardial oxygen demand.
Let
$M$
be a compact manifold. We show that the identity component
$\operatorname{Homeo}_{0}(M)$
of the group of self-homeomorphisms of
$M$
has a well-defined quasi-isometry type, and study its ...large-scale geometry. Through examples, we relate this large-scale geometry to both the topology of
$M$
and the dynamics of group actions on
$M$
. This gives a rich family of examples of non-locally compact groups to which one can apply the large-scale methods developed in previous work of the second author.
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