The MUon Scattering Experiment, MUSE, at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, investigates the proton charge radius puzzle, lepton universality, and two-photon exchange, via simultaneous ...measurements of elastic muon-proton and electron-proton scattering. The experiment uses the PiM1 secondary beam channel, which was designed for high precision pion scattering measurements. We review the properties of the beam line established for pions. We discuss the production processes that generate the electron and muon beams, and the simulations of these processes. Simulations of the π/μ/e beams through the channel using TURTLE and G4beamline are compared. The G4beamline simulation is then compared to several experimental measurements of the channel, including the momentum dispersion at the intermediate focal plane and target, the shape of the beam spot at the target, and timing measurements that allow the beam momenta to be determined. Finally, we conclude that the PiM1 channel can be used for high precision π, μ, and e scattering.
The double polarization observable E and the helicity dependent cross sections σ_{1/2} and σ_{3/2} were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized ...tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost 4π detector setup of the Crystal Ball and TAPS is ideally suited to detect the recoil nucleons and the decay photons from η→2γ and η→3π^{0}. The results show that the narrow structure previously observed in η photoproduction from the neutron is only apparent in σ_{1/2} and hence, most likely related to a spin-1/2 amplitude. Nucleon resonances that contribute to this partial wave in η production are only N 1/2^{-} (S_{11}) and N 1/2^{+} (P_{11}). Furthermore, the extracted Legendre coefficients of the angular distributions for σ_{1/2} are in good agreement with recent reaction model predictions assuming a narrow resonance in the P_{11} wave as the origin of this structure.
We present an analysis of the exclusive B+ → π+ π− ℓ+ νℓ decay, where ℓ represents an electron or a muon, with the assumption of charge-conjugation symmetry and lepton universality. The study ...exploits the full Υ ( 4 S ) data sample collected by the Belle detector, corresponding to 711 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. Events are selected by fully reconstructing one B meson in hadronic decay modes, subsequently determining the properties of the other B meson. We extract the signal yields using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the missing-mass squared distribution in bins of the invariant mass of the two pions or the momentum transfer squared. We measure a total branching fraction of B(B+ → π+ π− ℓ+ νℓ) = 22.7+1.9 −1.6 (stat) ± 3.5(syst) × 10−5, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This result is the first reported measurement of this decay.
The Level-1 trigger system (TRG) in the Belle II experiment is designed to summarize real-time sub-detectors information by using FPGA chips for the central data acquisition (DAQ) system, and it ...includes several sub-trigger systems for triggering various types of physics events in interest. The main focus in this report is CDCTRG: the track trigger system with Central Drift Chamber (CDC) detector, which is responsible for the real-time trajectory reconstruction of charged particles with various algorithms: Track-Segment Finder, 2D, 3D, Neuro-3D, and short tracking. CDCTRG is necessary for specific types of physics, such as hadronic and μ pair. This paper will introduce the design of the hardware system and algorithm implementation in FPGAs. Development, validation and performance of each CDCTRG module during SuperKEKB beam collision operation will also be discussed in detail.
The MUSE experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute is measuring elastic lepton-proton scattering cross sections in a four-momentum transfer range from
Q
2
of approximately 0.002–0.08 GeV
2
using ...positively and negatively charged electrons and muons. The extraction of the Born cross sections from the experimental data requires radiative corrections. Estimates of the instrumental uncertainties in those corrections have been made using the ESEPP event generator. The results depend in particular on the minimum lepton momentum that contributes to the experimental cross section and the fraction of events with hard initial-state radiation that is detected in the MUSE calorimeter and is excluded from the data. These results show that the angular-dependent instrumental uncertainties in radiative corrections to the electron cross section are less than 0.4% and are negligible for the muon cross section.
We report the first large-acceptance measurement of the beam–spin asymmetry for deuteron photodisintegration (γ→d→pn) in the photon energy range 420<Eγ<620MeV. The measurement provides important new ...constraints on the mechanisms of photodisintegration above the Δ resonance and on the photocoupling of the recently discovered d⁎(2380) hexaquark.
The Dalitz decay π0 → e+e-γ has been measured in the γp → π0p reaction with the A2 tagged-photon facility at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. The value obtained for the slope parameter of the π0 ...electromagnetic transition form factor, aπ= 0.030 ± 0.010tot, is in agreement with existing measurements of this decay and with recent theoretical calculations. The uncertainty obtained in the value of aπ is lower than in previous results based on the π0 → e+e-γ decay.
Precise helicity-dependent cross sections and the double-polarization observable E were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron. The η → 2γ and η → ...3π0 → 6γ decay modes were used to optimize the statistical quality of the data and to estimate systematic uncertainties. The measurement used the A2 detector setup at the tagged photon beam of the electron accelerator MAMI in Mainz. A longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target was used in combination with a circularly polarized photon beam from bremsstrahlung of a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The reaction products were detected with the electromagnetic calorimeters Crystal Ball and TAPS, which covered 98% of the full solid angle. The results show that the narrow structure observed earlier in the unpolarized excitation function of η photoproduction off the neutron appears only in reactions with antiparallel photon and nucleon spin (σ1/2). It is absent for reactions with parallel spin orientation (σ3/2) and thus very probably related to partial waves with total spin 1/2. The behavior of the angular distributions of the helicity-dependent cross sections was analyzed by fitting them with Legendre polynomials. The results are in good agreement with a model from the Bonn-Gatchina group, which uses an interference of P11 and S11 partial waves to explain the narrow structure.
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