Odreðivanje mjerodavnog prava za ugovor o ustupu tražbine složeno je jer zahtijeva odvojeno utvrðivanje mjerodavnog prava za tri različita odnosa koji se pojavljuju kod cesije. Mjerodavno pravo treba ...se odrediti za odnos izmeðu ustupitelja tražbine i primatelja tražbine, zatim za odnos izmeðu primatelja tražbine i dužnika te posebno za učinke ustupa prema trećima. U radu se analiziraju odredbe Uredbe Rim I o odreðivanju mjerodavnog prava za ugovor o ustupu, a u Uredbi nalazimo kolizijska pravila za prva dva odnosa, ali ne i za učinke ustupa prema trećima. Upravo taj treći odnos autorice detaljnije analiziraju problematizirajući pri tome situaciju u kojoj se cesija koristi kao način izigravanja vjerovnika u stečajnom postupku. Autorice zaključuju da bi se u takvom slučaju na učinke prema trećima trebalo primjenjivati pravo mjesta ustupiteljeva uobičajenog boravišta odnosno sjedišta ili da bi se, u slučaju primjene nekog drugog prava, vjerovnici trebali štititi pravilima neposredne primjene.
The equality of the European Union (EU) Member States is one of the principles that the European Union is based on. However, in terms of the economy, culture and influence, a hierarchy of EU Members ...States is evident. The European post-socialist or Central and East European (CEE) countries are often perceived as being at the lower end of the scale or on the ‘periphery’ of the EU. The aim of this paper is to gain insights into the specificities of the CEE countries’ legal scientific communication and the visibility of legal scholars’ work within the EU. Bibliometric analysis results show that scientific productivity has been significantly contributed to by papers published in domestic journals indexed in Scopus, with a share of 70%, and that the largest contributions are from Croatian, Romanian, Slovenian and Hungarian law journals. The Baltic States and EU candidate countries, representing nine out of 15 CEE countries, did not have their law journals indexed by Scopus in the period 1996-2013, which influenced their potential accessibility and visibility. The remaining 30% of papers were scattered over 112 international law journals, predominantly from the EU15 countries. On the other hand, the research shows that the recognition of papers measured in terms of the average number of citations speaks in favour of publication in international journals, with 2.9 citations per paper compared to 1.2 in domestic journals. It also shows that the citation of a paper is influenced by the language of the text and whether the paper has more than one author. Thus, although the vast majority of papers are published in domestic journals, the ones published in international journals are distinctly more visible in the academic community. In order to accomplish the integration of CEE countries into EU academic legal communication, the visibility of CEE countries’ legal scholars’ work is crucial. According to the analysis of this research, to achieve visibility, CEE countries’ legal scholars should publish more in a lingua franca, which nowadays means English. The other possible way is to enhance the visibility and strengthen the position of scientific journals published in CEE countries by accepting professional journal standards. Needless to say, the aspect of the content and issues explored and published is also crucial.
In court proceedings commenced after 10 January 2015 the choice of court agreements in the European Union will be regulated by the new Brussels I Regulation (recast). The amendments introduced by the ...Recast aim to increase the strength of party autonomy as well as predictability of the litigation venue. Therefore, several changes have been made - the requirement that at least one party has to be domiciled in a Member State was abandoned for choice of court agreements, the substantive validity conflicts rule and a rule on severability have been introduced. Most importantly, the rules on parallel proceedings have been altered. This article examines those modifications and discusses their effect on the European Union courts' desirability as a place for litigation. Reprinted by permission of Hart Publishing
Overriding mandatory provisions are mandatory provisions that are applicable in situations with an international element. The author analyses overriding mandatory norms in the European private ...international law and in the Croatian national private international law. The definition of such norms provided in the 2017 Croatian Private International Law Act is almost a verbatim copy of the definition provided in the Rome I Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations. The 1982 Croatian Private International Law Act did not provide for a definition of overriding mandatory norms but it was uniformly accepted in the scholarly interpretations that those types of mandatory norms were accepted by the Croatian private international law system. Moreover, the 1982 PIL Act included a substantive family law provision, which was, in essence, an overriding mandatory provision. However, Croatian courts and practitioners have been reluctant to refer explicitly to an applied norm as an overriding mandatory one. The reasons behind that might be that that the courts were better acquainted with the public policy exception, since public policy was explicitly mentioned in the 1982 PIL Act, as well as in some other legal acts. In addition, the legislator does not explicitly note that a provision is an overriding mandatory one in the provision itself, which leads to the outcome that the courts and other practitioners are burdened with a complex task of interpretation of a provision they think might be an overriding mandatory one. The author aims at providing guidelines to facilitate that task.
The paper examines the Croatian case law where the 1971 Hague Convention on Traffic Accidents has been applied. Some relatively recent cases show that the Croatian Supreme Court applied the general ...conflict-of-laws rule on determining the law applicable to the non-contractual obligation of the Croatian Private International Law Act where it should have applied the 1971 Hague Convention. The most recent decisions from 2009 and 2013 indicate that, even after more than 40 years of application, the problem of basic understanding of the sources of private international law still exists. On the other hand, there are a number of decisions where the 1971 Hague Convention has been applied and in which some issues repeatedly arise. Most of them relate either to the application of Article 8 of the Hague Convention dealing with the scope of the applicable law or application of Article 4 of the Convention providing for exceptions to the main rule of the lex loci delicti commissi found in Article 3 of the Convention. The problematic decisions fall into the category of decisions applying the exceptions under Article 4 of the Convention. The decisions in which the court has applied Article 8 of the Convention show that Croatian courts have recognized the idea behind the provision (as explained in the Essén explanatory report), which was to give as wide a scope as possible to the applicable law.
In 2007, Viacom sued YouTube for direct and secondary copyright infringement
requesting damages in the amount of over 1 billion dollars. Later on the court
joined a related action by the Football ...Association Premier League and various
film studios, television networks and music publishers, turning it into a massive
class action against one of the most popular web sites in the world. In the
United States, these types of web sites generally fall within one of the judiciary
or legislatively created safe harbors. The District Court decided that YouTube
falls within a safe harbor, so Viacom appealed. The decision of the Second Circuit
Court of Appeals was rendered on April 5, 2012. Although remanded to
the District Court for further proceedings, there are indications that YouTube
will not be granted safe harbor protection. Some strategies an online service
provider can implement to acquire safe harbor protection can be reexamined in
light of this decision and the existing case law. After a general introduction to
the indirect copyright infringement in the United States law and the facts of the
Viacom v. YouTube litigation, some recommendations for online service providers
have been offered.
Uobičajeno boravište ostavitelja ključan je pojam Uredbe o nasljeđivanju i za određivanje nadležnog suda i za određivanje mjerodavnog prava. Taj pojam nije definiran odredbama Uredbe, već su u ...njezinoj preambuli dane smjernice nadležnim tijelima za utvrđivanje uobičajenog boravišta. Nedostatak definicije te poveznice omogućuje njezinu fleksibilnost te ostvaruje važno načelo međunarodnog privatnog prava – načelo najuže veze. Istovremeno taj se nedostatak može očitovati u nepredvidljivosti te manipulaciji poveznicom s ciljem ostvarenja primjene povoljnijeg prava. U fokusu razmatranja ovoga rada jest određivanje uobičajenog boravišta ostavitelja za potrebe Uredbe o nasljeđivanju. Ključna razmatranja odnose se na pitanje koliko praksa Suda EU-a razvijena u drugim područjima međunarodnog privatnog prava može biti primijenjena u kontekstu Uredbe o nasljeđivanju, kako je Sud EU-a odredio uobičajeno boravište u svojoj praksi koja se odnosi na Uredbu o nasljeđivanju te kako hrvatski sudovi određuju tu poveznicu.
U radu se analizira praksa hrvatskih sudova o primjeni Haške konvencije o pravu mjerodavnom za prometne nezgode na cestama iz 1971. U relativno recentnoj sudskoj praksi Vrhovnog suda opće kolizijsko ...pravilo za izvanugovornu odgovornost za štetu primjenjuje se umjesto Kon- vencije. Riječ je o presudama iz 2009. i 2013. godine koje ukazuju na to da čak i nakon 40 godi- na primjene postoji problem pri osnovnom razumijevanju izvora međunarodnog privatnog prava. Ipak, postoji niz odluka u kojima je Haška konvencije iz 1971 primijenjena. U toj praksi često su prisutna slična pravna pitanja. Većina njih se odnosi na primjenu članka 8. Konvencije koji uređuje polje primjene mjerodavnog prava ili na primjenu članka 4. Konvencije koji prop- isuje iznimku od glavnog pravila iz članka 3. Konvencije kojim se propisuje primjena lex loci delicti commissi. Problematična praksa odnosi se na primjenu iznimke iz članka 4. Konvencije. S druge strane, odluke u kojima se primjenjuje članak 8. Konvencije ukazuju na to da su hr- vatski sudovi prepoznali ideju iza te odredbe kako je objašnjena u Essén izvješću, a to je vrlo široko polje primjene mjerodavnog prava na koje upućuje Konvencije.
U radu se istražuje može li sud dodijeliti naknadu štete oštećenoj ugovornoj strani u slučaja kada je druga ugovorna strana prekršila ugovor o arbitraži ili sporazum o isključivoj međunarodnoj ...nadležnosti. U prvom dijelu rada analizira se pravna priroda sporazuma o nadležnosti. Zaključak je da bi sud sporazum o nadležnosti trebao okarakterizirati kao ugovor pretežno materijalnopravne prirode, ili barem dvojne ili mješovite prirode, kako bi ispunio pozitivnu pretpostavku za dodjelu naknade štete u slučaju kršenja takva sporazuma. U drugom dijelu rada autorice istražuju mogu li načelo res iudicata facit ius inter partes i načelo međunarodne učtivosti biti prepreka dodjeli naknade štete za povredu ugovora o arbitraži. Zaključak je da zbog razlike u osnovi tužbenih zahtjeva ne bi trebale biti.
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