Bacteraemias are life-threatening conditions that require rapid care and antibiotherapy. Dermatological signs might help in deciding the most relevant treatment. The aim of this study was to ...determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized patients with bacteraemia. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 1 year. All consecutive patients with a bacteraemia (except contaminations) were included and examined by a dermatologist within 48 h after positive blood cultures. Clinical (skin manifestations, diagnosis, origin of the bacteraemia) and laboratory (bacteria) data were recorded. In total, 401 bacteraemias in 375 patients were included for the final analysis. Thirty-nine cutaneous manifestations in 34 patients were noted, corresponding to a prevalence of 9%; 69% (n = 27) were considered primary cutaneous manifestations, 18% (n = 7) as secondary ones, 10% (n = 4) as contiguous, and 3% (n = 1) as undetermined. Gram-positive cocci, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, were the most frequent bacteria (n = 27, 69%).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
1 Université Montpellier 1, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, EA 3755, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
2 Centre Hospitalier ...Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Correspondence Estelle Jumas-Bilak ebilak{at}univ-montp1.fr
The number of bacterial phyla has greatly increased in the past decade. Among them, a candidate division named Synergistes was proposed in a phylogenetic study on the global diversity of bacteria. We previously described the genus Jonquetella and suggested that it belonged to this not yet well-delineated candidate phylum. 16S rRNA gene based-phylogeny studies were conducted using four reconstruction methods and 599 sequences forming five datasets were used in an alternative treeing approach. These analyses indicated that the genera Aminiphilus , Aminobacterium , Aminomonas , Anaerobaculum , Dethiosulfovibrio , Jonquetella , Synergistes , Thermanaerovibrio and Thermovirga should be grouped in the same high-level taxon. This taxon was shown to be a phylum-rank lineage in the domain Bacteria and, because of the prior use of the name Synergistes for a genus, the name Synergistetes is proposed for this candidate phylum. We also propose an emended delineation of the phylum Deferribacteres , which is now only represented by the family Deferribacteriaceae . The emended family Syntrophomonadaceae is limited to the genera Pelospora , Syntrophomonas , Syntrophothermus and Thermosyntropha .
Abbreviations: ED, evolutionary distance; ML, maximum-likelihood; MP, maximum-parsimony
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences used in this study are given in Supplementary Table S1 in IJSEM Online.
A table of sequences used for the construction of datasets 1–5 and complete maximum-likelihood 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the five datasets are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.
A 47 year-old man with a history of splenectomy (after a traffic accident) was referred to the emergency department 3 days after a dog bite. 1 day after the bite, he had a fever and consulted his ...physician, who prescribed pristinamycin (1 g, four times daily, for 10 days) but without improvement in his condition.
The very-preterm infant gut microbiota is increasingly explored due to its probable role in the development of life threatening diseases. Results of high-throughput studies validate and renew the ...interest in approaches with lower resolution such as PCR-Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) for the follow-up of dominant microbiota dynamics. We report here an extensive longitudinal study of gut colonization in very preterm infants. We explored by 16S rDNA-based PCR-TTGE a total of 354 stool specimens sampled during routine monitoring from the 1(st) to the 8(th) week of life in 30 very pre-term infants born before 30 weeks of gestational age.
Combining comparison with a diversity ladder and sequencing allowed affiliation of 50 Species-Level Operational Taxonomic Units (SLOTUs) as well as semi-quantitative estimation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly the Staphylococcus epidermidis, was found in all the infants during the study period and was the most represented (75.7% of the SLOTUs) from the first days of life. Enterococci, present in 60% of the infants were early, highly represented and persistent colonizers of the premature gut. Later Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Clostridium appeared and were found in 10 (33%) and 21 infants (70%), respectively. We showed a high representation of Veillonella in more than a quarter of the infants and being able to persistently colonize premature gut. The genera Anaerococcus, Aquabacterium, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Oceanobacillus, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Rothia, Sarcina, Sneathia and Streptococcus were observed as transient or persistent colonizers, each genus being found in a minority of infants.
Despite low resolution, PCR-TTGE remains complementary to high-throughput sequencing-based approaches because it allows the follow-up of dominant bacteria in gut microbiota in a large longitudinal cohorts of preterm neonates. We described the development of pre-term gut microbiota that should be now replaced regarding the functional role of major OTUs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As well as intraspecific heterogeneity, intragenomic heterogeneity between 16S rRNA gene copies has been described for a range of bacteria. Due to the wide use of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for ...taxonomy, identification and metagenomics, evaluating the extent of these heterogeneities in natural populations is an essential prerequisite. We investigated inter- and intragenomic 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity of the variable region V3 in a population of 149 clinical isolates of Veillonella spp. of human origin and in 13 type or reference Veillonella strains using PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE). 16S rRNA gene diversity was high in the studied population, as 45 different banding patterns were observed. Intragenomic heterogeneity was demonstrated for 110 (74 %) isolates and 8 (61.5 %) type or reference strains displaying two or three different gene copies. Polymorphic nucleotide positions accounted for 0.5-2.5 % of the sequence and were scattered in helices H16 and H17 of the rRNA molecule. Some of them changed the secondary structure of H17. Phylotaxonomic structure of the population based on the single-copy housekeeping gene rpoB was compared with TTGE patterns. The intragenomic V3 heterogeneity, as well as recombination events between strains or isolates of different rpoB clades, impaired the 16S rRNA-based identification for some Veillonella species. Such approaches should be conducted in other bacterial populations to optimize the interpretation of 16S rRNA gene sequences in taxonomy and/or diversity studies.
•High clustering of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among Parisian human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive male patients.•High rate of associated sexually transmitted infections.•Call for ...rapid treatment of both chronic and acute HCV infections.•Need for preventive behavioural interventions.
Increasing incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men having sex with men (MSM) has been described in recent years. Phylogenetic analyses of acute HCV infections were undertaken to characterize the dynamics during the epidemic in Paris, and associated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were evaluated.
Sanger sequencing of polymerase gene was performed. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were reconstructed using FastTree 2.1 under a GTR+CAT model. Transmission chains were defined as clades with a branch probability ≥0.80 and intraclade genetic distances <0.02 nucleotide substitutions per sites. STIs detected ≤1 month before HCV diagnosis were considered.
Among the 85 studied patients, at least 81.2% were MSM. Respectively, 47.6%, 39.0%, 11.0% and 2.4% were infected with genotypes 1a, 4d, 3a and 2k. At least 91.8% were co-infected with HIV. HCV re-infection was evidenced for 24.7% of patients and STIs for 20.0% of patients. Twenty-two transmission chains were identified, including 52 acute hepatitis C (11 pairs and 11 clusters from three to seven patients).
These results revealed strong clustering of acute HCV infections. Thus, rapid treatment of both chronic and acute infections is needed among this population to decrease the prevalence of HCV, in combination with preventive behavioural interventions.
Members of the phylum
Synergistetes have been demonstrated in several environmental ecosystems and mammalian microflorae by culture-independent methods. In the past few years, the clinical relevance ...of some uncultivated phylotypes has been demonstrated in endodontic infections, and uncultured Synergistetes have been demonstrated in human mouth, gut and skin microbiota. However,
Synergistetes are rarely cultured from human samples, and only 17 isolates are currently reported. Twelve members of
Synergistetes isolated in the course of various infectious processes, including 3
Jonquetella anthropi, 2
Cloacibacillus evryensis, 2
Pyramidobacter piscolens and 5 unidentified strains, as well as 56 clones obtained by specific PCR from the normal vaginal microflora, were studied. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny showed that the clones were grouped into 3 clusters, corresponding to the genus
Jonquetella,
P. piscolens and one novel
Synergistetes taxon. The presence and diversity of
Synergistetes were reported for the first time in the vaginal microflora.
Synergistetes were found in healthy patients, suggesting that they could play a functional role in human microflorae, but may also act as opportunistic pathogens. Studying the phylogenetic relationships between environmental and mammalian strains and clones revealed clearly delineated independent lineages according to the origin of the sequences.
The VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 (bDNA), COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV, and Abbott ART HCV RealTime assays were compared for hepatitis C virus RNA quantification in 158 clinical specimens (genotypes 1 to ...5). RNA values differed significantly between methods (P < 0.0001), and mean titer differences ranged from 0.01 to 0.50 log₁₀ IU/ml depending on the genotypes.
The role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in skin and soft-tissue infections is not clear.
Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of PVL gene carriage among Staphylococcus aureus strains ...isolated from primary and secondary skin abscesses.
A prospective study was conducted. From July 2003 to June 2008, S. aureus isolates from skin abscesses were screened for the PVL genes. The abscesses were considered primary if they occurred on previously healthy skin and secondary in all other cases.
Fifty-seven patients presenting with S. aureus skin abscesses were included in the study. The PVL genes were detected in 40 (70%) of the 57 S. aureus isolates. Thirty-eight (92.7%) of the 41 primary skin abscesses were due to PVL-positive strains, compared to only 2 (12.5%) of the 16 secondary skin abscesses (p < 0.001).
Primary skin abscesses are mainly caused by PVL-positive S. aureus strains.
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