Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has been reported in association with respiratory disease in the wild only in members of the subfamily Caprinae of the family Bovidae. We identified M. ovipneumoniae in a ...cervid: a free-ranging barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) yearling with polymicrobial bronchopneumonia.
Subordinate follicles (SFs) of bovine follicular waves undergo atresia due to declining FSH concentrations; however, the signalling mechanisms have not been fully deciphered. We used an FSH-induced ...co-dominance model to determine the effect of FSH on signalling pathways in granulosa cells of the second-largest follicles (SF in control cows and co-dominant follicle (co-DF2) in FSH-treated cows). The SF was smaller than DF in control cows while diameters of co-DF1 and co-DF2 in FSH-treated cows were similar. The presence of cleaved CASP3 protein confirmed that granulosa cells of SFs, but not of DFs and co-DFs, were apoptotic. To determine the effect of FSH on molecular characteristics of the second-largest follicles, we generated relative variables for the second largest follicle in each cow. For this, variables of SF or co-DF2 were divided by the variables of the largest follicle DF or co-DF1 in each cow. There was higher transcript abundance of MAPK1/3 and AKT1/2/3 but lower abundance of phosphorylated MAPK3/1 in SF than co-DF2 granulosa cells. Abundance of mRNA and phosphorylated protein of STAT3 was higher in granulosa cells of control SF than FSH-treated co-DF2. SF granulosa cells had higher levels of LIFR and IL6ST transcripts, the two receptors involved in STAT3 activation. Further, lower transcript abundance of interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), another receptor involved in STAT3 activation, indicated that STAT3 activation in SF granulosa cells could be mainly due to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signalling. These results indicate that atresia due to lack of FSH is associated with activated LIF-STAT3 signalling in SF granulosa cells, as FSH treatment reversed such activation.
Caloric restriction (CR) increases the preservation of the ovarian primordial follicular reserve, which can potentially delay menopause. Rapamycin also increases preservation on the ovarian reserve, ...with similar mechanism to CR. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of rapamycin and CR on metabolism, ovarian reserve, and gene expression in mice. Thirty-six female mice were allocated into three groups: control, rapamycin-treated (4 mg/kg body weight every other day), and 30% CR. Caloric restricted females had lower body weight (
P
< 0.05) and increased insulin sensitivity (
P
= 0.003), while rapamycin injection did not change body weight (
P
> 0.05) and induced insulin resistance (
P
< 0.05). Both CR and rapamycin females displayed a higher number of primordial follicles (
P
= 0.02 and 0.04, respectively), fewer primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles (
P
< 0.05) and displayed increased ovarian
Foxo3a
gene expression (
P
< 0.05). Despite the divergent metabolic effects of the CR and rapamycin treatments, females from both groups displayed a similar increase in ovarian reserve, which was associated with higher expression of ovarian
Foxo3a.
RESUMO O presente relato descreve um raro caso de papiledema bilateral decorrente da síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral relacionado com achado de microadenoma hipofisário. Relatamos um caso de paciente ...do sexo feminino, 21 anos, referindo baixa acuidade visual para longe, associada à cefaleia de início há 2 meses. Ao exame oftalmológico, a fundoscopia mostrou presença de papiledema bilateral significativo. A ressonância magnética de encéfalo evidenciou imagem nodular na hipófise, medindo 7 mm, sem qualquer evidência de compressão intracraniana, insuficiente para causar os sintomas do quadro clínico. Após diagnóstico de síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral, instituiu-se tratamento clínico com acetazolamida e orientou-se perda de peso, com evolução satisfatória. A descrição de ambas as patologias presentes de forma mútua foi citada apenas uma vez durante extensa revisão da literatura. Dessa forma, chamamos a atenção para essa ocorrência incomum, enfatizando as características de ambas as patologias, a fim de facilitar o diagnóstico diferencial, bem como elucidar a melhor abordagem terapêutica. Ressaltamos que o achado de pequenos adenomas hipofisários não deve confundir o diagnóstico etiológico em pacientes com queixas visuais e papiledema bilateral.
Crustaceans, during their moult cycle, at the stages of both pre-moult and post-moult, need water uptake. This movement of water creates a challenge for the regulation of cell volume. The cells of ...freshwater decapods require a high regulatory capacity to deal with hyposmotic stresses, given the need to face dilution of the haemolymph during their moult cycles. This study investigated the variation in the expression of water channels (aquaporins) along the moult cycle of a freshwater palaemonid shrimp, focusing on their role in cell volume regulation. Moults in Palaemonetes argentinus have been investigated along three stages of its moult cycle: intermoult, late pre-moult and recent post-moult. For the evaluation of tissue volume regulation, the weight of isolatedmuscle, subjected to isosmotic and hyposmotic salines, was followed for 60min. The expression of AQP during the different moult stages was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Muscle from the three moult stages in isosmotic conditions showed the same pattern of tissue volume regulation. When muscle from animals in pre-moult and intermoult were submitted to hyposmotic stress they swell, followed by volume regulation, while in post-moult the regulation is compromised. The difference in volume regulatory control between pre-moult and post-moult may be related to a possible regulation of water channels, as AQP expression was equal at these stages. This study presents novel findings for crustaceans in general, in the demonstration that AQP expression changes during the moult cycle of a decapod crustacean, together with the regulation of cell volume with the participation of AQPs.
Recycling is the bottom line to promote the circularity of the materials into the closed loop. Among the Li-ion batteries, the LiCoO2-cathode type is used in a few vehicles but mostly in electric ...equipment. This study aimed to design a recycling process for LiCoO2-pouch batteries. The entire process was designed using organic acids. The cells were milled and physically separated. Leaching experiments were performed with citric acid. No reducing agent was necessary, and all Co and Li were leached using 1 mol/L of citric acid at 90 °C with a solid–liquid ratio of 1/10 for 2 h. Co was separated using oxalic acid at 50 °C for 30 min in a Co/oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2. Resynthesis of the cathode was possible, producing a similar material directly from the leach solution, which opens possibilities for the future. The present study fits SDGs 7, 9, 11, 12, and 13.
Introdução: As Bartonella spp. São gram-negativos de cultivo muito difícil. A infecção em humanos é potencialmente fatal, muito diversa em suas manifestações clínicas e raramente lembrada como ...diagnóstico diferencial. Nenhum método disponível atualmente tem sensibilidade suficiente para diagnosticar a infecção, sobretudo em pacientes imunocompetentes que apresentam baixa bacteremia (em torno de 102 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC)/mL de sangue). Objetivo: Avaliar a sensibilidade de diferentes PCRs na detecção de Bartonella henselae. Métodos: Foram utilizadas cinco reações moleculares (PCR convencional, PCR nested, qPCR qualitativo com SyBr e qPCRs com sonda de hidrólise para duas regiões diferentes) para detectar B. henselae em amostras de DNA extraídas de sangue, soro e cultura líquida (CL), infectadas em concentrações de 106 a 100 UFC de B. henselae/mL, a partir de três cepas diferentes de referência e os respectivos controles. Todas as amostras foram processadas em triplicata. Resultados: Não houve detecção do DNA da bactéria em nenhuma amostra controle e houve detecção em todas reações de todas as amostras nas concentrações de 106 e 105. Na concentração de 104, as amostras de uma das três cepas já apresentaram reações falso-negativas em ao menos uma das triplicatas, exceto quando utilizado qPCR com sonda para o gene nuoG. Na concentração de 103 qualquer cepa já poderia ser falsamente considerada sem infecção nas amostras de CL (apenas 13 das 45 reações foram positivas). Nas concentrações 102 a 100, os resultados falso negativos predominaram em todas as amostras. Na concentração 100 apenas 3 das 135 PCRs realizadas foram positivas. As amostras de CL foram a menos sensíveis, possivelmente por causa do efeito de diluição e do não crescimento das bactérias fastidiosas. A maior quantidade de amplificações foi com a PCR convencional do soro e a menor na PCR nested de CL. As qPCRs tiveram desempenho similar, portanto a melhor escolha levando-se em consideração o custo-benefício seria a PCR com SyBr. Conclusão: O diagnóstico das bartoneloses não pode ser baseado apenas em uma reação molecular de triagem, pois houve muitas reações falso-negativas nas amostras com menores concentrações de B. henselae. Os resultados obtidos neste experimento demonstram a dificuldade do diagnóstico molecular desta bactéria. Estudos sobre testes diagnósticos mais sensíveis e acessíveis para estas doenças negligenciadas são urgentes.
This work investigates the production of fatty acid ethyl esters from soybean oil in sub- and supercritical ethanol. The experiments were performed in a tubular reactor in the temperature range of ...473−648 K, from 7 to 20 MPa, adopting the oil-to-ethanol molar ratio interval from 1:10 to 1:100. Results showed that temperature and pressure below the solvent critical point led to very low reaction conversions while appreciable yields were verified around 623 K and 20 MPa using an oil-to-solvent molar ratio of 1:40 and with a reaction time of approximately 15 min. A pseudo-first-order kinetic modeling was employed in representing the experimental alcoholysis data with a satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated conversion values.
Leprosy reactions are among the main causes of physical disability resulting from an infectious disease and can culminate in irreversible physical disabilities, therefore they should be considered a ...clinical emergency, as well as the elucidation of its cause. Co-infections are considered one of the main triggering causes of leprosy reactions, aggravating and maintaining these reactions for longer in these patients. After reporting a high rate of Bartonella henselae infection in patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reaction, 19/47 (40.4 %) compared to the control group, 9/50 (18.0 %), p = 0.0149, we conducted this study to observe the rate of infection by Bartonella sp. in a group of patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions. Blood samples from 14 patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions were analyzed by molecular and microbiological tests and compared. The results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has a high proportion of B. henselae infection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88. We conclude that these bacteria can trigger chronic leprosy reactions and should be investigated in all chronic leprosy reactions patients.
Summary Line: Our results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has the same proportion of B. henselae DNA detection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88.
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