Aims: Preconditioning before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) seriously damages the ovarian function and causes female infertility. This consensus focuses on the fertility ...preservation(FP) for girls needing HSCT, aim to make doctors in different disciplines aware of the importance, necessity and technique of ovarian protection.
Materials and methods: Summarizing relevant literature and organizing multidisciplinary experts, including obstetrics and gynecology, reproductive medicine, oncology, pediatrics and hematology for full discussion.
Results: Individuals exposed to HSCT in childhood are at higher risk of loss of fertility. Considering the high risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) after conditioning and negative impact of POI on fertility, physical and mental health, it is absolutely necessary to protect fertility before HSCT conditioning. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the main fertility preservation option for these population.
Conclusions: Fertility preservation before HSCT conditioning is crucial. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is often the only option for these population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium frequently found in plants, soil, and water. The genus Pantoea is a rare pathogen in human infectious diseases. The known susceptible populations include ...infants and postoperative and immunocompromised patients. To date, there have been no reports of nosocomial bloodstream infection due to P. dispersa following chest puncture. A 72-year-old Chinese woman suffering from chest distress was found to be blood culture positive for a Gram-negative bacterium. The organism was identified as P. dispersa through Vitek 2, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although cefoperazone–sulbactam and imipenem were used for treatment, the patient died four days later. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of nosocomial bloodstream infection caused by P. dispersa in China. We hope that this article might help clinicians understand better the potential pathogenicity of this pathogen.
Estrogens are in the list of carcinogenic chemicals from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, estrogens require additional factors such as stromal factors or progestogens to increase the ...ratio of proliferation/apoptosis for initiation of replication errors and consequent mutations to occur. These mutations require at least 5-10 years to develop into clinically detectable cancer, whereby this review is focused on breast cancer. The US National Cancer Institute highlighted a second mechanism of carcinogenicity: certain estrogen metabolites are capable of inducing DNA damage, even in low concentration. They can be assessed in the tissue and circulation. However, those deleterious reactions require excessive unrestricted oxidative cell stress, for example in industrial areas with heavy pollution. We have shown that this can be avoided using transdermal instead of oral estradiol treatment, especially important in smokers. The spectrum of metabolites is also influenced by other exogenous factors such as nutrition, physical activity and certain diseases. Reduction of breast cancer risk as demonstrated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was explained by pro-apoptotic estrogen effects working after a certain 'time gap'. In addition, certain estrogen metabolites are carcinoprotective, if no genetic polymorphisms would impair their beneficial activities. Thus, since additional factors are required for both main pathways of carcinogenicity and because estrogens can even have carcinoprotective effects, we cannot agree with the statement from the WHO.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prescribing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) requires consideration of the selection of its two components, the estrogen and the progestogen. In terms of the estrogen, the decision is mainly whether ...to use estradiol (E2) or conjugated equine estrogens (CEE). These are the components needed to efficiently treat climacteric symptoms or/and prevent osteoporosis, currently the only labeled indications. There is still controversy regarding the adequate dosages comparing E2 and CEE; however, the consensus is that the differences in the efficacy of E2 and CEE are not a real issue. Therefore, other criteria have to be used. The first reason to add the progestogen is to avoid the development of endometrial cancer (i.e. to achieve 'endometrial safety'). Any available 'fixed-combined' HRT preparation has to be tested for sufficient endometrial efficacy, because the first question the health authorities ask before product registration relates to endometrial safety. We can generally rely on the endometrial safety of these fixed-combined products. However, it could be that we want to use 'free' combinations, which are necessary if we use transdermal E2 (patches, gel, spray), but also to individualize schedules, for example when treating bleeding problems. The question here is how to attain knowledge about the endometrial efficacy of the different progestogens and how to monitor therapy. We will try to answer these two questions from a 'clinical pharmacology' point of view, as a discipline which preferably considers pharmacological properties, but also relating to clinical practice, to achieve individualized therapy with optimal efficacy, best tolerability and minimal risks.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Increasing drug resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complicates the management of tuberculosis. Development of a point-of-care test to determine drug susceptibility could greatly enhance care. ...In this report, a rapid
M. tuberculosis
diagnostic is assessed.
The Standard Model Higgs boson like particle was observed in July 2012 by both the ATLAS and CMS collaboration at the LHC. The measurements of the Higgs boson properties are performed in Higgs boson ...decaying into two photons channel after the discovery. Higgs boson production by the gluon-gluon fusion, the vector boson fusion and in association with a W or Z boson or the top-quark pair are measured in this final state. The multivariate analysis method is applied to extract the Higgs boson in the vector boson fusion enriched category to enhance the signal significance. The couplings of each production modes are measured using 20.3 fb-1 2012 data taken at center-of-mass energy = 8TeV and 4.5 fb-1 2011 data taken at = 7TeV in ATLAS. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is found. The fiducial and differential cross sections of Higgs boson are measured using 2012 data in this final state as well. The distribution of several kinematic variables of the two photons and jets are studied. The results are compared with several theoretical predictions.
Impact of smoking on estrogenic efficacy Ruan, X.; Mueck, A. O.
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society,
02/2015, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
Depending on the type, duration and intensity of cigarette smoking, the efficacy of endogenous and exogenous estrogen can be reduced or completely cancelled. Not only does smoking diminish ...the beneficial effects of estrogen on hot flushes and urogenital symptoms and its positive effects on lipid metabolism, but smoking also can reduce estrogen's ability to prevent osteoporosis and perhaps also cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly caused by dose-dependent elevated hepatic clearance, partially in conjunction with lower estrogen levels, and has been demonstrated so far only with oral estrogen applications. Compensation for the failure of therapeutic action should not be made by increasing the dose in smokers since this might result in the production of potentially mutagenic estrogen metabolites associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Since the favorable effects of estrogens seem to be not lost in smokers when estrogens are applied transdermally, this route should be preferred in smokers. The most important conclusion from the data presented is that the effects of smoking are very complex and dependent on a multiplicity of factors, so that different types of clinically relevant negative effects must be expected. Women who continue to smoke despite all warnings should be informed that smoking, in addition to all its other negative effects, can also jeopardize the success of hormone replacement therapy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We consider a model for the dynamics of growing cell populations with heterogeneous mobility and proliferation rate. The cell phenotypic state is described by a continuous structuring variable and ...the evolution of the local cell population density function (i.e. the cell phenotypic distribution at each spatial position) is governed by a non-local advection–reaction–diffusion equation. We report on the results of numerical simulations showing that, in the case where the cell mobility is bounded, compactly supported travelling fronts emerge. More mobile phenotypic variants occupy the front edge, whereas more proliferative phenotypic variants are selected at the back of the front. In order to explain such numerical results, we carry out formal asymptotic analysis of the model equation using a Hamilton–Jacobi approach. In summary, we show that the locally dominant phenotypic trait (i.e. the maximum point of the local cell population density function along the phenotypic dimension) satisfies a generalised Burgers’ equation with source term, we construct travelling-front solutions of such transport equation and characterise the corresponding minimal speed. Moreover, we show that, when the cell mobility is unbounded, front edge acceleration and formation of stretching fronts may occur. We briefly discuss the implications of our results in the context of glioma growth.
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