Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is used to detect parameters showing further information than conventional instruments. This information is represented as a spectral signature, whose reflectance values ...can be applied in an artificial neural network (ANN) for detection, classification and prediction of the most important parameters in fishmeal. Currently, in many fishmeal companies there is a lack of control aimed at real-time detection of quality parameters such as protein, moisture, ash, fat, among others, whose correction is feasible during production. The problem is established at the exit of the drying process, where the optimization of the final quality parameters is possible through the controlled re-entry of the product into the dryer to reduce moisture to the optimum percentage, in a homogeneous way and without burns on the product. The present investigation applies the methodology of Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to solve the problem by developing an algorithm able to predict the main parameters to determine the quality level of fishmeal in a non-invasive way giving the possibility of improving the drying process. As a result, a good correlation between reflectance, provided by Hyperspectral Imaging, and the main quality parameters is obtained after implementing a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network algorithm.
El estudio presenta dos casos clínicos con hallazgos relacionados con formas atípicas de síndrome de QTlargo. En años recientes los síndromes de QT están sometidos a continua revisión. El balance ...autonómico, la dispersión de la repolarización y lo heterogéneo de sus bases genéticas explican las diversas presentaciones clínicas. Dos hermanos (varón y hembra) fueron estudiados; ambos presentaron taquicardia ventricular en condiciones de aumento del tono adrenergico (miedo y ejercicio) y su madre murió súbitamente antes de cumplir 50 años. Se estudiaron con electrocardiograma, vectocardiograma, electrocardiograma de alta frecuencia, electrocardiograma de esfuerzo, ecocardiograma y adicionalmente en el varón angiografía coronaria. El electrocardiograma de reposo mostró trastornos no específicos de repolarización. En una ocasión tuvo taquicardia ventricular con morfología de bloqueo de rama derecha. La prueba de esfuerzo mostró una falta de acortamiento del QT al aumentar la frecuencia cardíaca. El ecocardiograma, electrocardiograma de alta frecuencia y la angiografía coronaria fueron normales. Ella teniendo un electrocardiograma de reposo normal desarrolló una taquicardia ventricular con morfología de bloqueo de rama izquierda durante la prueba de esfuerzo. Los pacientes con una historia familiar de muerte súbita, anormalidades no específicas de la repolarización, falta de acortamiento del QT al aumentar la frecuencia cardíaca (hipodinamia del QT) son sospechosos de desarrollar taquicardias ventriculares en condiciones de aumento del tono adrenérgico y por lo consiguiente en ellos deben tomarse medidas preventivas.
El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los principales efectos del Programa de Alto Mando en Orden Interno y Desarrollo (PAMOID) a nivel de la Institución policial y de su personal en el ...periodo 2015 al 2019, asumiendo para ello dentro de la metodología el enfoque mixto, con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, que permitió describir y examinar los hechos como se dieron en la realidad estudiada, sin manipular el comportamiento de las variables estudiadas.La totalidad de egresados del PAMOID del 2015 al 2019 en total 241 Oficiales PNP, quienes respondieron una encuesta, elaborada a través de un cuestionario debidamente validado, recolectando un total de 198 encuestas, adicionalmente se desarrolló una entrevista a 04 Generales y uncoronelPNP; en base a una guía de entrevista y por último se realizó la revisión de documentos de la Escuela de Posgrado (ESPOGRA-PNP).La investigación desarrollada ha determinado efectos positivos no solo para el personal de oficiales egresados, sino también los beneficios para la PNP y para sus integrantes, se ha establecido también que dicho programa se ha visto fortalecido con el desarrollo de una maestría en una universidad de prestigio de la ciudad de Lima, ya que ello ha generado en sus egresados utilidad para ejercer su labor policial y también para su vida personal; sin embargo, algunos egresados consideran que no se han mejorado sus competencias, lo que ha sido analizado en el desarrollo de la investigación; así mismo, se advierte un resultado positivo en cuanto a la mejora de su liderazgo y sus niveles de empatía e interacción con el personal a sus órdenes luego de haber egresado del PAMOID.Al final de la investigación se plantean conclusiones y recomendación orientadas a fortalecer el desarrollo del PAMOID.
Background: Few studies have dealt with the behavior of the corrected (QTc) and uncorrected QT intervals during exercise and recovery.
Hypothesis: Based on previously published dynamics of the QT ...interval during treadmill testing, this study attempted to reevaluate the computer‐proposed underlying mechanisms of these dynamics and to determine whether the so‐called memory phenomenon could be operative in some subjects without evidence of structural heart disease.
Methods: This study included 42 unmedicated healthcare volunteers, 23 men and 19 women aged between 20 and 42 (mean 31.7) years. All had normal physical examinations, x‐rays, and transthoracic echocardiograms. The electrocardiograms were also normal with 12‐lead QT interval dispersions of <90ms.
Results: During exercise and recovery, the behavior of the QT intervals permitted the categorization into two groups. In Group 1 (31/42; 73.8% of subjects) the uncorrected QT interval showed a biphasic pattern consisting of a gradual decrease during incremental exercise followed by a gradual increase during recovery. In contrast, the QTc interval had a triphasic pattern resulting from a slight increase during the early phase of exercise, a gradual decrease at the highest rates, and a final increase during recovery as the rate slowed to control values. In Group 2 (11/42; 36.2% of subjects) the behavior was considered as paradoxical since the uncorrected QT interval displayed in a triphasic pattern whereas the QTc interval yielded a tetraphasic pattern due to the fact that both showed a second decrease during recovery while the rate was decreasing.
Conclusions: Analysis of dynamics behavior of the QTc and the uncorrected QT intervals during exercise showed that some normal subjects had a paradoxical behavior which, because of its temporal relation to the phases of exercise, could be an expression of the so‐called memory phenomenon.
The electrophysiology of conduction delay was investigated in the semi-isolated right bundle branch of 30 large mongrel dogs. Delay was produced by the external application of an electric blocking ...current to the bundle branch. Multiple recordings with glass capillary microelectrodes revealed two basic deflections associated with the delay phenomenon. An initial, or leading, deflection originated from the proximal or leading edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted through the block with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. A second, or trailing, deflection originated from the regenerative response at the distal or trailing edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted retrograde into the block, with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. The transmitted potentials appeared to be electrotonic in nature.The leading deflection appeared to be the transmitted event which maintained a conduction ratio of 1:1 through the block. The magnitude of delay was then related to the time required for this deflection to reach the threshold potential and initiate a regenerative response in the trailing portion of the block where the cells were less affected by the blocking current.
New quantitative norms for clinical evaluation of the atrial vectorcardiogram are presented. Real-time computer processing digitizes atrial electrocardiograms, reduces random noise content, rectifies ...base-line configuration, and corrects preamplifier distortion. Axial-system leads of 106 normal persons were so treated. The basic information derived includes spatial distribution and magnitudes of P, T P , and polar P vectors; length, width, and planarity of P loops; spatial P-T P angles; and the Eulerian angles of P-loop normalization. Normal P vectors show predominant leftward, inferior, and anterior orientation, with opposing T P direction. Polar P vectors show predominant superior, anterior, and leftward clustering. The scatter of parameters in the orthogonallead frontal plane is about the same as for the tetrahedral system. Similarly, the atrial deflections of normals show equally rich notching in both systems. Resolution of the P-wave population into uncorrelated components, followed by resynthesis from these principal factor wave forms, revealed a fairly continuous "spectrum" of signal configurations. This technique, and extensive attempts by alternate means, failed to support the view that normal P waves can be separated into distinctive right and left atrial components.
La aplicación de técnicas de modelado no lineal puede establecer marcadores precoces en pacientes con infección chagásica sin evidencia de cardiopatía demostrable con procedimientos habituales de ...diagnóstico. El modelado no lineal ha demostrado ser eficaz en el análisis del ritmo cardíaco. Así, consideramos procedente su utilización en la enfermedad de Chagas.
Se aplicaron métodos convencionales de diagnóstico cardiológico y análisis de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca a pacientes chagásicos y sujetos sanos. En una segunda fase se estudiaron pacientes chagásicos sin cardiopatía, pacientes chagásicos con mínimas o moderadas alteraciones electrocardiográficas y controles sanos con técnicas de modelado no lineal.
El electrocardiograma dinámico de 24 h y el estudio de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca establecieron diferencias entre los sujetos sanos y los pacientes con infección chagásica sin cardiopatía (p < 0,05 y p < 0,005, respectivamente). Sin embargo, los estudios con técnicas de modelado no lineal discriminaron 4 subgrupos de pacientes chagásicos sin cardiopatía con una especificidad y sensibilidad que alcanzó el 100%.
Estas observaciones apoyan la idea de que las técnicas de modelado no lineal son muy sensibles y específicas para determinar alteraciones incipientes. Se sugiere que estas alteraciones son indicadoras de disautonomía precoz y, por ende, nos permiten recomendar que sean aplicadas a pacientes con riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas distintas a la miocarditis chagásica. Nuestros hallazgos deben ser corroborados con muestras más amplias de población. En la actualidad adelantamos estudios prospectivos al respecto.
The application of nonlinear techniques allows the definition of early risk markers in patients with Chagas infection and without any evidence of cardiac involvement evaluated by standard diagnostic test. Nonlinear modeling techniques have proved to be effective in cardiac rhythm analysis, thereby justifying its use in Chagas’ disease.
The routine noninvasive test and heart rate variability analysis were performed in Chagas’ disease patients and in a group of healthy subjects. In a second phase we used nonlinear analysis in the evaluation of patients with Chagas infection and no evidence of heart disease, Chagasic patients with minimal electrocardiographic abnormalities and healthy controls.
Twenty-four-hour electrocardiographic ambulatory monitoring and heart rate variability allowed us to establish differences between the healthy subjects and patients with Chagas infection without evidence of cardiac disease (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005). In sharp contrast nonlinear analysis characterized 4 subgroups in Chagasic patients without cardiac involvement (sensitivity and specificity of 100%).
Our findings suggest that nonlinear modeling techniques have a high sensitivity and specificity in the early detection of cardiac involvement and very early autonomic disturbance. We recommend that these techniques be applied to patients with high risk of cardiac disease other than Chagasic myocarditis. Our findings should be corroborated with studies in larger populations. We are currently developing a prospective study to this end.
Seventeen year old identical twin brothers with no family history of cardiopathy began experiencing palpitations almost simultaneously. In both, examination revealed marked cardiomegaly and ...hypokinesia of the ventricular walls, and clinical and radiologic signs of progressive cardiac failure developed a few days later. Both boys died suddenly, 49 days and 5 months, respectively, after the initial examination. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies revealed a severe intraventricular conduction disturbance that coincided with histologic changes in the myocardial tissue, including profuse interstitial fibrosis, hypertrophy and degeneration of the myocardial fibers, aberrant arrangement of the muscular fibers and considerable alteration of the structure of cardiac tissue. In the absence of hereditary and chromosomal factors, and excluding possible viral intervention during fetal life, it is believed that a teratogenic factor can produce the structural alterations of the tissue and derangement of the fibers observed in these hearts. The irregular contractions of the heart at the level of the net-like meshwork, disarrangement of myocardial fibers, and adaptative mechanisms of the heart inherent in the destruction of the contractile tissue contributed to the functional cardiac disorders that resulted in congestive heart failure and sudden death in these twins.
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