Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as a complementary technology to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the effort of searching for alternative energy solutions that are cost‐effective and ...sustainable. The identification of suitable alternative anode materials is essential to close the gap in energy density between SIBs and LIBs. Solid‐state alloying reactions that work beyond intercalation mechanism are able to provide a significant improvement in specific capacity. This review describes key advances in SIBs with a primary emphasis on alloy anodes. Recent information and results published in the literatures are stressed to provide an overview of their development in SIBs. With the discussion of some of the remaining challenges and possible solutions, the authors hope to sketch out the scope for future studies in this field.
This review summarizes key advances in sodium‐ion batteries with a primary emphasis on alloy anodes that are capable of providing high capacity by accommodating a relatively high stoichiometric ratio of sodium ion. Besides, the origin of challenges that impeded the full potential of alloy anodes and a roadmap of present strategies for structural and architectural optimization of alloy anodes are discussed.
Advanced electrodes with a high energy density at high power are urgently needed for high-performance energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs), to ...fulfil the requirements of future electrochemical power sources for applications such as in hybrid electric/plug-in-hybrid (HEV/PHEV) vehicles. Metal sulfides with unique physical and chemical properties, as well as high specific capacity/capacitance, which are typically multiple times higher than that of the carbon/graphite-based materials, are currently studied as promising electrode materials. However, the implementation of these sulfide electrodes in practical applications is hindered by their inferior rate performance and cycling stability. Nanostructures offering the advantages of high surface-to-volume ratios, favourable transport properties, and high freedom for the volume change upon ion insertion/extraction and other reactions, present an opportunity to build next-generation LIBs and SCs. Thus, the development of novel concepts in material research to achieve new nanostructures paves the way for improved electrochemical performance. Herein, we summarize recent advances in nanostructured metal sulfides, such as iron sulfides, copper sulfides, cobalt sulfides, nickel sulfides, manganese sulfides, molybdenum sulfides, tin sulfides, with zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional morphologies for LIB and SC applications. In addition, the recently emerged concept of incorporating conductive matrices, especially graphene, with metal sulfide nanomaterials will also be highlighted. Finally, some remarks are made on the challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal sulfide-based LIB and SC devices.
Advanced electrodes with a high energy density at high power are urgently needed for high-performance energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs), to fulfil the requirements of future electrochemical power sources for applications such as in hybrid electric/plug-in-hybrid (HEV/PHEV) vehicles.
Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries, as promising next‐generation energy storage candidates, are drawing more and more attention due to the high energy density and abundant elements ...reserved in the earth. However, the native downsides of RT Na‐S batteries (i.e., enormous volume changes, the polysulfide shuttle, and the insulation and low reactivity of S) impede their further application. To conquer these challenges, hierarchical porous hollow carbon polyhedrons embedded with uniform Mo2C nanoparticles are designed deliberately as the host for S. The micro‐ and mesoporous hollow carbon indeed dramatically enhances the reactivity of the S cathodes and accommodates the volume changes. Meanwhile, the highly conductive dispersed Mo2C has a strong chemical adsorption to polysulfides and catalyzes the transformation of polysulfides, which can effectively inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides and accelerate the reaction kinetics. Thus, the as‐prepared S cathode can display a high reversible capacity (1098 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 120 cycles) and superior rate performance (483 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). This work provides a new method to boost the performance of RT Na–S batteries.
Efficient electrocatalytic conversion and adsorption of polysulfides are realized by combining a metal−organic framework (MOF)‐derived porous carbon structure and introducing a conductive catalyst Mo2C. The synergistic effect of physical confinement and electrocatalysis improves the utilization rate and stability of S. It shows the excellent rate performance (483 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) and ultralong cycle life (503 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 800 cycles).
Conspectus As the world transitions away from fossil fuels, energy storage, especially rechargeable batteries, could have a big role to play. Though rechargeable batteries have dramatically changed ...the energy landscape, their performance metrics still need to be further enhanced to keep pace with the changing consumer preferences along with the increasing demands from the market. For the most part, advances in battery technology rely on the continuing development of materials science, where the development of high-performance electrode materials helps to expand the world of battery innovation by pushing the limits of performance of existing batteries. This is where vanadium-based compounds (V-compounds) with intriguing properties can fit in to fill the gap of the current battery technologies. The history of experimenting with V-compounds (i.e., vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium-based NASICON) in various battery systems, ranging from monovalent-ion to multivalent-ion batteries, stretches back decades. They are fascinating materials that display rich redox chemistry arising from multiple valency and coordination geometries. Over the years, researchers have made use of the inherent ability of vanadium that undergoes metamorphosis between different coordination polyhedra accompanied by transitions in the oxidation state for reversible intercalation/insertion of more than one guest ions without breaking the structure apart. Such infinitely variable properties endow them with a wide range of electronic and crystallographic structures. The former attribute varies from insulators to metallic conductors while the latter feature gives rise to layered structures or 3D open tunnel frameworks that allow facile movement of a wide range of metal cations and guest species along the gallery. Accompanied by a growing stringent requirements for energy storage applications, most V-compounds face difficulty in resolving the problems of their own lack competitiveness mostly due to their intrinsically low ionic/electronic conductivity. The key to producing vanadium-based electrodes with the desired performance characteristics is the ability to fabricate and optimize them consistently to realize certain specifications through effective engineering strategies for property modulation. In this Account, we aim to provide a comprehensive article that correlates the fundamental of charge storage mechanism to crystallographic forms and design principle for V-compounds. More importantly, the essential roles played by engineering strategies in the property modulation of V-compounds are pinpointed to further explain the rationale behind their anomalous behavior. Apart from that, we further summarize the key theoretical and experimental results of some representative examples for tuning of properties. On the other hand, advances in characterization techniques are now sufficiently mature that they can be relied upon to understand the reaction mechanism of V-compounds by tracing real-time transformation and structural changes at the atomic scale during their working state. The mechanistic insights covered in this Account could be used as a fundamental guidance for several key strategies in electrode materials design in terms of dimension, morphology, composition, and architecture that govern the rate and degree of chemical reaction.
The ever-increasing global energy demand and rising price of raw materials adopted in currently prevalent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have boosted the development of potassium ion batteries (KIBs). ...Despite the similarity in the working principle to LIBs, it remains a big challenge to select a suitable electrode material for KIBs. Phosphorus (P) and P-based composites have been identified as promising electrodes for LIBs or sodium ion batteries (NIBs) with remarkable electrochemical performance. Yet it was not until recent years that P-based materials have been explored as potential electrodes for KIBs. In this paper, we will try to provide a timely review of the current research progress of the P-based electrode materials, both cathodes and anodes, for KIBs. The synthetic strategies, electrochemical behaviours, and ion storage mechanisms will be discussed in detail. The challenges and future perspectives worth investigating will also been presented. Through timely update of the research progress and presentation of the existing arguments, it is expected that this review will help to clarify the puzzles encountered in current KIBs and benefit their future development and commercialization.
The ever-increasing global energy demand and rising price of raw materials adopted in currently prevalent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have boosted the development of potassium ion batteries (KIBs).
MXenes are seen as an exceptional candidate to reshape the future of energy with their viable surface chemistry, ultrathin 2D structure, and excellent electronic conductivity. The extensive research ...efforts bring about rapid expansion of the MXene families with enriched functionalities, which significantly boost performance of the existing energy‐storage devices. In this review, the strategies that are developed to functionalize the MXene‐based materials, including tailoring their microstructure by ions/molecules/polymers‐initiated interaction or self‐assembly, surface/interface engineering with dopants or functional groups, constructing heterostructures from MXenes with various materials, and transforming them into a series of derivatives inheriting the merits of the MXene precursors are highlighted. Their applications in emerging battery technologies are demonstrated and discussed. With delicate functionalization and structural engineering, MXene‐based electrode materials exhibit improved specific capacity and rate capability, and their presence further suppresses and even eliminates dendrite formation on the metal anodes, which lengthens the lifespan of the rechargeable batteries. Meanwhile, MXenes serve as additives for electrolytes, separators, and current collectors. Finally, some future directions worth of exploration to address the remaining challenging issues of MXene‐based materials and achieve the next‐generation high‐power and low‐cost rechargeable batteries are proposed.
The strategies that developed to functionalize MXene‐based materials, including tailoring their microstructure by ions/molecules/polymers‐initiated interaction or self‐assembly, surface/interface engineering with dopants or functional groups, constructing heterostructures from MXenes with various materials, and transforming them into a series of derivatives inheriting the merits of the MXene precursors, are highlighted.
A 3D hierarchical meso‐ and macroporous Na3V2(PO4)3‐based hybrid cathode with connected Na ion/electron pathways is developed for ultra‐fast charge and discharge sodium‐ion batteries. It delivers an ...excellent rate capability (e.g., 86 mA h g−1 at 100 C) and outstanding cycling stability (e.g., 64% retention after 10 000 cycles at 100 C), indicating its superiority in practical applications.
Nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 Cathodes Tan, Huiteng; Xu, Lianhua; Geng, Hongbo ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
May 24, 2018, Letnik:
14, Številka:
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To further increase the energy and power densities of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 attracts much attention. However, the intrinsic low electrical conductivity (2.4 × 10−7 S ...cm−1) and sluggish kinetics become major drawbacks that keep Li3V2(PO4)3 away from meeting its full potential in high rate performance. Recently, significant breakthroughs in electrochemical performance (e.g., rate capability and cycling stability) have been achieved by utilizing advanced nanotechnologies. The nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 hybrid cathodes not only improve the electrical conductivity, but also provide high electrode/electrolyte contact interfaces, favorable electron and Li+ transport properties, and good accommodation of strain upon Li+ insertion/extraction. In this Review, light is shed on recent developments in the application of 0D (nanoparticles), 1D (nanowires and nanobelts), 2D (nanoplates and nanosheets), and 3D (nanospheres) Li3V2(PO4)3 for high‐performance LIBs, especially highlighting their synthetic strategies and promising electrochemical properties. Finally, the future prospects of nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 cathodes are discussed.
Nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 cathodes not only improve electrical conductivity, but also provide high electrode/electrolyte contact interfaces, favorable electron and Li+ transport properties, and good accommodation of strain upon Li+ insertion/extraction. Thus, recent new advances in design and fabrication of nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials and their enhancement of electrochemical properties are reviewed here.
Graphite‐derived carbon materials have been widely used in metal‐ion batteries due to their good mechanical and electrical properties, cost effectiveness, light weight, and environmental ...friendliness. Though natural graphite has been commercially used in lithium‐ion batteries, the small interlayer spacing hinders its application in other metal‐ion batteries. As such, numerous works have been done to enhance the metal‐ion storage capability of graphite and its derivatives. In this review, structural engineering on graphite including expanded graphite, graphite intercalation compounds and porous graphite, and the corresponding electrolyte engineering for lithium‐ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries, and dual ion batteries are summarized, aiming to make a comparison between various strategies and give a suggestion on future work in this area.
Structural engineering of graphite including expanded graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, and porous graphite, as well as electrolyte engineering for enhancing the electrochemical performance of the graphite‐based metal ion batteries are summarized, aiming to make a comparison between various strategies and provide future direction in this area.
A novel composite, MoS2‐coated three‐dimensional graphene network (3DGN), referred to as MoS2/3DGN, is synthesized by a facile CVD method. The 3DGN, composed of interconnected graphene sheets, not ...only serves as template for the deposition of MoS2, but also provides good electrical contact between the current collector and deposited MoS2. As a proof of concept, the MoS2/3DGN composite, used as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, shows excellent electrochemical performance, which exhibits reversible capacities of 877 and 665 mAh g−1 during the 50th cycle at current densities of 100 and 500 mA g−1, respectively, indicating its good cycling performance. Furthermore, the MoS2/3DGN composite also shows excellent high‐current‐density performance, e.g., depicts a 10th‐cycle capacity of 466 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 4 A g−1.
A high‐performance anode material for lithium‐ion batteries is prepared based on the MoS2‐coated three‐dimensional graphene network (3DGN), which is prepared via a facile CVD method for deposition of MoS2 on the surface of 3DGN. This novel material might be also useful in other clean energy applications, such as electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
