A glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith was modified with imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) to be used as stationary phase for solid-phase extraction (SPE). The host monolithic support was prepared ...by in-situ UV polymerization in spin column format. Two approaches were developed to incorporate the IL into the polymeric monolithic matrix: generation of IL onto the surface monolith, and copolymerization by addition of the IL to the polymerization mixture, which gave the best results. The resulting sorbent materials were morphologically characterized and used for the isolation of five β-blockers from human urine samples. All SPE steps were accomplished by centrifugation, which reduces significantly costs and time in sample treatment. Under optimal conditions, β-blockers were quantitatively retained in the modified monolith at pH 12, and desorbed with a water-methanol mixture, to be subsequently determined via HPLC with UV detection. The limits of detection ranged between 1.4 and 40 μg L−1, and the reproducibility among extraction units (expressed as relative standard deviation) was below 8.2%. The novel phase was successfully applied to the extraction of propranolol in urine samples with recoveries above 90%.
Display omitted
•Glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith was modified with ionic liquid for solid-phase extraction.•Copolymerization with ionic liquid was the best option.•Mechanically stable polymers with good flow-through properties were obtained.•Host monolithic support prepared in spin column format and separation made by centrifugation.•β-Blockers quantitatively extracted from human urine samples.
The use of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in patients with severe acute respiratory failure (SARF) due to COVID-19 pneumonia (NCOVID-19) is debated. Given the lack of beds in Intensive Care Units in ...the Public Health System of the Province of Neuquén, their use was implemented in general wards. This restrospective multicenter study was carried out to describe the experience of using HNFT in patients with SARF due to NCOVID-19. The primary outcome was the frequency of successful weaning from HFNT and in-hospital mortality (IHM). Two hundred ninety-nine patients were analyzed; 120 (40.1%) were successfully withdrawn from HFNT. This failed in 59.8% (179), 44.1% (132) required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and 15.7% (47) was not candidates for intubation. A ROX index = 5 at 6 h after initiation was associated with the success of HFNT (OR 0.26 IC 95% 0.15-0.46 p < 0.0001). The general IHM was 48.5% (145/299), 70.4% (93/132) in patients with IMV, 4.2% (5/120) died after successful weaning from HFNT and 100% (47/47) in the group not candidates for intubation. Patients with TNAFO had a statistically significant decrease in MIH and days of hospitalization. TNAFO in general wards achieved a decrease in the use of IMV, with a reduction in mortality and days of stay in hospitalized for NCOVID-19 with SARF.
The tiger beetle assemblage of the wetlands of La Mancha (central Spain) comprises nine species: Calomera littoralis littoralis, Cephalota maura maura, Cephalota circumdata imperialis, Cephalota ...dulcinea, Cicindela campestris campestris, Cicindela maroccana, Cylindera paludosa, Lophyra flexuosa flexuosa, and Myriochila melancholica melancholica. This assemblage represents the largest concentration of tiger beetles in a single 1º latitude / longitude square in Europe. General patterns of spatial and temporal segregation among species are discussed based on observations of 1462 specimens registered during an observation period of one year, from April to August. The different species of Cicindelini appear to be distributed over space and time, with little overlapping among them. Three sets of species replace each other phenologically as the season goes on. Most of the species occupy drying or dried salt lakes and salt marshes, with sparse vegetation cover. Spatial segregation is marked in terms of substrate and vegetation use. Calomera littoralis and Myriochila melancholica have been observed mainly on wet soils; Cephalota circumdata on dry open saline flats; Cephalota dulcinea and Cylindera paludosa in granulated substrates with typical halophytic vegetation; Cephalota maura is often present in man-modified areas. Cephalota circumdata and Cephalota dulcinea are included as species of special interest in the list of protected species in Castilla-La Mancha. Conservation problems for the Cicindelini assemblage arise from agricultural activities and inadequate use of sport vehicles. Attempts at restoring the original habitat, supressing old semi-industrial structures, may affect the spatial heterogeneity of the lakes, and have an effect on Cicindelinae diversity.
A procedure for the extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation of proteins from carob, guar and tara gums in a background electrolyte (BGE) of pH 9 containing 0.1% polyvinyl ...alcohol is described. The CZE protein profiles exhibit characteristic peaks for each one of the Leguminosae gums, which can be used to construct models capable of identifying samples of carob, guar and tara gums, and predicting the guar content in binary carob‐guar mixtures of different geographical origin and harvested in different years. The classification and prediction models are constructed by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multiple linear regression (MLR), respectively. An excellent resolution between the three categories is obtained with LDA, the model being capable of classifying samples with recognition and prediction capabilities of 100%. For MLR models constructed with carob‐guar mixtures with and without a common history, the average of the calibration residuals are ± 0.50 and ± 0.90%, respectively (average values for the 2–20% guar range). For the later model, the detection limit was 3.2% guar (from the standard deviation of 18 mixtures with 2–4% guar, and for α = β = 0.05).
The tiger beetle assemblage of the wetlands of La Mancha (central Spain) comprises nine species: Calomera littoralis littoralis , Cephalota maura maura , Cephalota circumdata imperialis , Cephalota ...dulcinea , Cicindela campestris campestris , Cicindela maroccana , Cylindera paludosa , Lophyra flexuosa flexuosa , and Myriochila melancholica melancholica . This assemblage represents the largest concentration of tiger beetles in a single 1º latitude / longitude square in Europe. General patterns of spatial and temporal segregation among species are discussed based on observations of 1462 specimens registered during an observation period of one year, from April to August. The different species of Cicindelini appear to be distributed over space and time, with little overlapping among them. Three sets of species replace each other phenologically as the season goes on. Most of the species occupy drying or dried salt lakes and salt marshes, with sparse vegetation cover. Spatial segregation is marked in terms of substrate and vegetation use. Calomera littoralis and Myriochila melancholica have been observed mainly on wet soils; Cephalota circumdata on dry open saline flats; Cephalota dulcinea and Cylindera paludosa in granulated substrates with typical halophytic vegetation; Cephalota maura is often present in man-modified areas. Cephalota circumdata and Cephalota dulcinea are included as species of special interest in the list of protected species in Castilla-La Mancha. Conservation problems for the Cicindelini assemblage arise from agricultural activities and inadequate use of sport vehicles. Attempts at restoring the original habitat, supressing old semi-industrial structures, may affect the spatial heterogeneity of the lakes, and have an effect on Cicindelinae diversity.
La participación de las mujeres en actividades agropecuarias en México ha sido invisibilizada puesto que son los hombres quienes toman las decisiones y ostentan el control sobre los medios ...productivos. Por el contrario, en el ámbito doméstico, la participación masculina no parece tener una contribución significativa ni visible, ya que son las mujeres las responsables de estos espacios. Este proceso de invisibilización de ambos géneros condujo este artículo hacia la exploración de los espacios y las relaciones de género que conforman la estructura social en el modelo (granja) producción de leche en pequeña escala en el Centro de México. Utilizando el método etnográfico fue posible definir al espacio físico como un componente básico de interacción y de relaciones entre lo femenino y lo masculino, y entre lo productivo y no productivo. Así, delimitaron dos espacios físicos de dominancia masculina: el terreno productivo y el establo, y de dos de dominancia femenina: la vivienda y el cuidado de la salud, y la milpa de traspatio. Se identificaron convergencias de ambos géneros en todos los espacios físicos y las actividades asignadas a través de esta estructura de género; aunque invisibles, soportan la reproducción social del modelo.
Weak values and Kirkwood--Dirac (KD) quasiprobability distributions have been independently associated with both foundational issues in quantum theory and advantages in quantum metrology. We propose ...simple quantum circuits to measure weak values, KD distributions, and spectra of density matrices without the need for post-selection. This is achieved by measuring unitary-invariant, relational properties of quantum states, which are functions of Bargmann invariants, the concept that underpins our unified perspective. Our circuits also enable experimental implementation of various functions of KD distributions, such as out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) and the quantum Fisher information in post-selected parameter estimation, among others. An upshot is a unified view of nonclassicality in all those tasks. In particular, we discuss how negativity and imaginarity of Bargmann invariants relate to set coherence.
Summary Background Peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. We therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live ...attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. Methods 15 183 healthy infants aged 6–13 weeks from ten Latin American countries randomly assigned in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive two oral doses of RIX4414 or placebo at about 2 and 4 months of age in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study were followed up until about 2 years of age. Primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy from 2 weeks after dose two until 1 year of age. Treatment allocation was concealed from investigators and parents of participating infants. Efficacy follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks after dose two until about 2 years of age. Analysis was according to protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00140673 (eTrack444563–023). Findings 897 infants were excluded from the according-to-protocol analysis. Fewer cases (p<0·0001) of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were recorded for the combined 2-year period in the RIX4414 group (32 0·4% of 7205; 95% CI 0·3–0·6) than in the placebo group (161 2·3% of 7081; 1·9–2·6), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 80·5% (71·3–87·1) to 82·1% (64·6–91·9) against wild-type G1, 77·5% (64·7–86·2) against pooled non-G1 strains, and 80·5% (67·9–88·8) against pooled non-G1 P8 strains. Vaccine efficacy for hospital admission for rotavirus gastroenteritis was 83·0% (73·1–89·7) and for admission for diarrhoea of any cause was 39·3% (29·1–48·1). No cases of intussusception were reported during the second year of follow-up. Interpretation Two doses of RIX4414 were effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a Latin American setting. Inclusion of RIX4414 in routine paediatric immunisations should reduce the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide. Funding GlaxoSmithKline.
Phytochemical investigation of the bark of Guatteria friesiana afforded 12 new aporphines (1–12), along with nine known alkaloids (13–21). The structures of the new alkaloids were determined on the ...basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against a small panel of tumor cell lines was assessed using the Alamar blue assay.
PDF
