Background: Incorporating physical activity (PA) has been a challenge for health care professionals working with anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. This has contributed to partial physical fitness ...(PFit) recovery that persists after weight restoration. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationships between PA, sedentary behaviors, PFit, and quality of life (QoL) in a group of adolescents after hospitalization. Methods: QoL, PA, and sedentary behaviors were measured using the Health-Questionnaire Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and accelerometers, while PFit was assessed through cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition (anthropometry), and strength (six repetition maximum) tests in a total of 63 patients. Results: Light-PA (LPA), moderate-PA (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous-PA (MVPA), and relative sedentary time (%ST) did not meet the recommendations (p < 0.001). Only 22% of the patients met MVPA criteria, and ~82% exceeded %ST. SF-36 scores were lower than normative values except the physical component scale. Absolute cardiorespiratory fitness was reduced (p < 0.001) in 84% of the patients, and was positively associated to body weight, body mass index (BMI), circumferences, and muscle areas. Additional positive significant relationships were found between QoL, muscular strength, and body composition, and negative associations between vigorous-to-very vigorous PA and BMI, skinfolds, and percent body fat. Regression analyses revealed lower body strength as an explanatory factor for improved QoL (OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00−1.07). Conclusions: PFit and QoL scores are poor after hospitalization. LPA, MPA, and MVPA do not meet recommendations. PFit management—with emphasis on improving muscular fitness—may be a valuable strategy for QoL improvement in AN after hospitalization.
and purpose: Exercise has not typically been used as an adjunct in treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to examine the effects of progressive resistance exercise (PREx) on perceived ...quality of life (QoL) and body composition in adolescents with AN.
Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with AN were randomly allocated to either PREx or control groups after hospitalization. The PREx group completed twenty-four PREx sessions over two months including three sets of 8–10 repetitions of eight whole-body exercises at a moderate intensity. QoL and body composition were evaluated at baseline and after two months using Health Questionnaire Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and anthropometric measurements.
At completion, forty-one participants (n = 19 PREx, and n = 22 controls) with mean age of 12.78 ± 0.88 years and mean body mass index of 18 ± 2.2 kg/m2 were analyzed. Significant group x time effects were found on SF-36 role physical (RP) scores. Significant improvements with large effect sizes (d > 0.72) were found in RP, and arm circumferences in the PREx group. Spearman association analyses between percent change in anthropometric variables and change in QoL scores showed positive associations with moderate-to-large effect sizes in the PREx group among the following variables: mid-thigh-circumference, physical functioning (PF) and general health (GH); calf-circumference relaxed and body pain; biceps skinfold and GH scores; triceps-skinfold, and role physical (RP) and vitality (VT); supraspinale-skinfold and RP and VT; mid-thigh-skinfold and calf-skinfold and VT.
PREx after hospitalization enables modest positive changes in QoL associated to anthropometric changes in adolescents with AN without adverse effects on weight recovery.
•Resistance training is a safe complementary tool in youth eating disorder treatment.•Resistance training facilitates weight recovery similarly to standard treatment.•Patients engaging in resistance training obtained body composition benefits.•Improved quality of life was linked to exercise-mediated body composition changes.•Adding nutritionally supported exercise can lead to quality of life enhancements.
The anisotropic nature of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parts means that the cutting force coefficients obtained by linear regression or non-linear optimization methods only work for one tool ...position relative to the workpiece. These methods must obtain a new set of coefficients for each tool position relative to the workpiece, which becomes cumbersome for surface machining with multiple tool-to-workpiece orientations, which is typical for LPBF parts. As a first step to overcome this drawback, this paper presents a new methodology for calculating cutting coefficients sensitive to material shear strength changes when the tool changes orientation. To this end, a vector inverse model based on the instantaneous contact area is presented. The shear coefficients obtained from the present model make physical sense and provide the basis for predicting cutting coefficients for multiple tool orientations from recently developed microstructure-based models. For the model verification, prismatic IN718 LPBF samples were manufactured and machined with a peripheral endmill for three tool orientations (cases). The material was characterized with SEM and EBSD, and the plastic anisotropy was verified. The coefficients obtained with the proposed model presented a high correlation (0.97) with the cutting resistance in contrast to those obtained with the linear inverse model, which establishes that the vector-based mechanistic coefficients are more appropriate for anisotropic materials. The simulated cutting forces from the coefficients obtained through the proposed model were compared with the experimental forces, observing similar patterns and levels. The coefficients obtained with the model allow average forces to be obtained with a prediction error between 5 and 15 %, depending on the percentage of instantaneous data used to estimate the mean value of the coefficients.
Prevention of nosocomial myiasis, or hospital-acquired larvae infestation, should be an essential part of all hospital infection control programs. However, little is known about nosocomial myiasis, ...despite the extensive medical and psychological effects it has on patients and their families and the negative effects it has on hospitals’ reputation and finances. This report describes a case of nosocomial myiasis of a 13-year-old boy who was admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for congestive heart failure, anemia, uremic encephalopathy, hypertension, and severe respiratory distress. Ten days after admission, the pediatrician and the nurse perceived an increase in the volume of the gingival mucosa of the upper buccal vestibule and the presence of fly larvae. The maggots were sent to the Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos for identification and were found to be Lucilia sericata larvae. This report highlights the need to educate medical and paramedical personnel, as well as creation and implement protocols in hospitals to avoid nosocomial myiasis and improvement of general sanitation.
The horse hoof wall exhibits exceptional impact resistance and fracture control due to its unique hierarchical structure which contains tubular, lamellar, and gradient configurations. In this study, ...structural characterization of the hoof wall was performed revealing features previously unknown. Prominent among them are tubule bridges, which are imaged and quantified. The hydration-dependent viscoelasticity of the hoof wall is described by a simplified Maxwell-Weichert model with two characteristic relaxation times corresponding to nanoscale and mesoscale features. Creep and relaxation tests reveal that the specific hydration gradient in the hoof keratin likely leads to reduced internal stresses that arise from spatial stiffness variations. To better understand realistic impact modes for the hoof wall in-vivo, drop tower tests were executed on hoof wall samples. Fractography revealed that the hoof wall's reinforced tubular structure dominates at lower impact energies, while the intertubular lamellae are dominant at higher impact energies. Broken fibers were observed on the surface of the tubules after failure, suggesting that the physically intertwined nature of the tubule reinforcement and intertubular matrix improves the toughness of this natural fiber reinforced composite. The augmented understanding of the structure-mechanical property relationship in dynamic loading led to the design of additively manufactured bioinspired structures, which were evaluated in quasistatic and dynamic loadings. The inclusion of gradient structures and lamellae significantly reduced the damage sustained in drop tower tests, while tubules increased the energy absorption of samples tested in compact tension. The samples most similar to the hoof wall displayed remarkably consistent fracture control properties.
The horse hoof wall, capable of withstanding large, repeated, dynamic loads, has been touted as a candidate for impact-resistant bioinspiration. However, our understanding of this biological material and its translation into engineered designs is incomplete. In this work, new features of the horse hoof wall are quantified and the hierarchical failure mechanisms of this remarkable material under near-natural loading conditions are uncovered. A model of the hoof wall's viscoelastic response, based on studies of other keratinous materials, was developed. The role of hydration, strain rate, and impact energy on the material's response were elucidated. Finally, multi-material 3D printed designs based on the hoof's meso/microstructure were fabricated and exhibited advantageous energy absorption and fracture control relative to control samples.
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Amplitude models are applied to studies of resonance structure in D 0 → K 0 S K − π + and D 0 → K 0 S K + π − decays using p p collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb − ...1 collected by the LHCb experiment. Relative magnitude and phase information is determined, and coherence factors and related observables are computed for both the whole phase space and a restricted region of 100 MeV / c 2 around the K ∗ ( 892 ) ± resonance. Two formulations for the K π S -wave are used, both of which give a good description of the data. The ratio of branching fractions B ( D 0 → K 0 S K + π − ) / B ( D 0 → K 0 S K − π + ) is measured to be 0.655 ± 0.004 ( stat ) ± 0.006 ( syst ) over the full phase space and 0.370 ± 0.003 ( stat ) ± 0.012 ( syst ) in the restricted region. A search for C P violation is performed using the amplitude models and no significant effect is found. Predictions from SU(3) flavor symmetry for K ∗ ( 892 ) K amplitudes of different charges are compared with the amplitude model results.
A search for the lepton flavour violating decay τ−→μ−μ+μ− is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a ...centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV and 2.0fb−1 at 8TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, B(τ−→μ−μ+μ−)<4.6×10−8.
A search for B0 (s) → K0SK∗ (892)0 decays is performed using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 ...TeV. The B0 s → K0 SK∗ (892)0 decay is observed for the first time, with a significance of 7.1 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be B(B 0 s → K¯ 0K∗ (892)0 ) + B(B 0 s → K0K¯ ∗ (892)0 ) = (16.4 ± 3.4 ± 2.3) × 10−6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No evidence is found for the decay B0 → K0 SK∗ (892)0 and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction, B(B0 → K¯ 0K∗ (892)0 ) + B(B0 → K0K¯ ∗ (892)0 ) < 0.96 × 10−6 , at 90 % confidence level. All results are consistent with Standard Model predictions
A search for B0 (s) → K0SK∗ (892)0 decays is performed using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 ...TeV. The B0 s → K0 SK∗ (892)0 decay is observed for the first time, with a significance of 7.1 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be B(B 0 s → K¯ 0K∗ (892)0 ) + B(B 0 s → K0K¯ ∗ (892)0 ) = (16.4 ± 3.4 ± 2.3) × 10−6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No evidence is found for the decay B0 → K0 SK∗ (892)0 and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction, B(B0 → K¯ 0K∗ (892)0 ) + B(B0 → K0K¯ ∗ (892)0 ) < 0.96 × 10−6 , at 90 % confidence level. All results are consistent with Standard Model predictions
The branching fraction ratio R ( D ∗ ) ≡ B ( ¯ B 0 → D * + τ − ¯ ν τ ) / B ( ¯ B 0 → D * + μ − ¯ ν μ ) is measured using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb − 1 of ...integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ − → μ − ¯ ν μ ν τ . The semitauonic decay is sensitive to contributions from non-standard-model particles that preferentially couple to the third generation of fermions, in particular, Higgs-like charged scalars. A multidimensional fit to kinematic distributions of the candidate ¯ B 0 decays gives R ( D ∗ ) = 0.336 ± 0.027 ( stat ) ± 0.030 ( syst ) . This result, which is the first measurement of this quantity at a hadron collider, is 2.1 standard deviations larger than the value expected from lepton universality in the standard model.
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