Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands are important habitats for birds. Yet, little is known of the relations between bird habitat and succession in these woodlands. We studied the bird community ...in cottonwood woodlands from early to late seral stages along the Missouri River in central South Dakota from 1990 to 1992 to describe quantitative relations between avifauna and ecological patterns of succession in cottonwood woodlands along the Missouri River. The vegetation in the early seral cottonwood was characterized by a high density of seedlings and saplings that were restricted to narrow bands along the rivers. Late seral cottonwoods were characterized by a few large old trees that extended across the flood plain. Seventy-nine percent of the bird species were woodland obligates. Birds that nest in trees or cavities were the most common, while shrub and ground nesting birds were relatively uncommon. Total bird abundance, species diversity, species richness, richness of woodland obligates, abundance in the tree-nesting guild, abundance in the cavity-nesting guild and abundance in the shrub-nesting guild were greater (P < 0.01) in late and late intermediate seral cottonwood stands. Patterns of bird use in cottonwood seral stages by individual species were less evident. Several species were more abundant (P < 0.08) in late or late intermediate seral cottonwood and no species were more abundant (P > 0.10) in early or early intermediate seral cottonwood. Bell's vireos (Vireo belli), indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) occurred predominantly in early or early intermediate seral stages, but no significant differences among seral stages were noted. Expanses of late seral cottonwood on flood plains will likely decline because controlled river flows reduce flooding that is necessary for cottonwood regeneration. Cottonwood regeneration was evident only in narrow bands along the river channels. Cavity nesting species will be the most negatively affected by loss of late seral cottonwood.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The case for RAMClouds Ousterhout, John; Agrawal, Parag; Erickson, David ...
Operating systems review,
01/2010, Letnik:
43, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Disk-oriented approaches to online storage are becoming increasingly problematic: they do not scale gracefully to meet the needs of large-scale Web applications, and improvements in disk capacity ...have far outstripped improvements in access latency and bandwidth. This paper argues for a new approach to datacenter storage called RAMCloud, where information is kept entirely in DRAM and large-scale systems are created by aggregating the main memories of thousands of commodity servers. We believe that RAMClouds can provide durable and available storage with 100-1000x the throughput of disk-based systems and 100-1000x lower access latency. The combination of low latency and large scale will enable a new breed of dataintensive applications.
Dante, cinema, and television Iannucci, Amilcare A
Dante, cinema, and television,
c2004, 20041006, 2004, 2014, 2004-01-01
eBook
TheDivine Comedyof Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) is one of the seminal works of western literature. Its impact on modern culture has been enormous, nourishing a plethora of twentieth century authors ...from Joyce and Borges to Kenzaburo Oe. Although Dante's influence in the literary sphere is well documented, very little has been written on his equally determining role in the evolution of the visual media unique to our times, namely, cinema and television.Dante, Cinema, and Televisioncorrects this oversight.
The essays, from a broad range of disciplines, cover the influence of theDivine Comedyfrom cinema's silent era on through to the era of sound and the advent of television, as well as its impact on specific directors, actors, and episodes, on national/regional cinema and television, and on genres. They also consider the different modes of appropriation by cinema and television.Dante, Cinema, and Televisiondemonstrates the many subtle ways in which Dante'sDivine Comedyhas been given 'new life' by cinema and television, and underscores the tremendous extent of Dante's staying power in the modern world.
We studied the relationship between breeding birds and seral stages of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) woodlands in central South Dakota between 1990 and 1992. Stands of early seral green ash ...undergoing primary succession had few small trees with western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in the understory. Some early seral green ash stands resulted from retrogression and had large trees with grass understory. Late seral green ash stands were represented by greater overstory cover consisting of green ash and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) shrubs and small trees in the understory. Sixty-five of 81 bird species that were observed in these woodlands required woodland vegetation as part of their habitat. Tree- and shrub-nesting birds were the most common and were associated with late seral stages. Ground-nesting birds had mixed relationships between early and late seral stages. Cavity-nesting birds used snags and dead tree branches which occurred in all seral stages. Correlations of birds with vegetation measurements suggested habitat features birds may have selected for in these woodlands.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A key element of the review of food standards in Australia and New Zealand was the review of labelling provisions. This review resulted in a number of new labelling initiatives, three of ...which––percentage labelling of key or characterising ingredients, mandatory nutrition information panels and mandatory labelling of certain substances in foods that may cause severe adverse reactions––are discussed in this paper. These labelling initiatives exemplify the shift globally towards the provision of greater consumer information. The new food labelling standards in the joint Australia/New Zealand
Food Standards Code were developed specifically to address two main regulatory objectives: the protection of public health and safety; and the provision of adequate information to consumers to enable them to make informed choices. The new provisions have been phased in over a period of two years which has enabled manufacturers to re-label their products as part of their scheduled periodic review of products.
Periclase formed in siliceous dolomitic marbles during contact metamorphism in the Monzoni and Predazzo aureoles, the Dolomites, northern Italy, by infiltration of the carbonate rocks by chemically ...reactive, H2O-rich fluids at 500 bar and 565-710 degrees C. The new results for Monzoni and Predazzo are considered along with published studies of 13 other aureoles to draw general conclusions about the direction, amount, and controls on the geometry of reactive fluid flow during contact metamorphism of siliceous carbonate rocks.
Analyses of 266 samples of calcite and dolomite from veins and wall rocks of the Waterville limestone from the chlorite zone have been made for delta18O and delta13C.
The effects of verapamil were compared with those of nitroprusside at matched mean arterial pressures and heart rates in 10 symptomatic hypertensive patients during cardiac catheterization. ...Simultaneous radionuclide angiography and micromanometer pressure measurements were obtained to assess left ventricular pressure-volume relations. Compared with control conditions, verapamil increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume index from 57 ± 16 to 70 ± 28 ml/m2 (p = 0.05) without a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 10 ± 4 to 13 ± 6 mm Hg). Despite a downward and rightward shift in the end-systolic pressure-volume relation indicating negative inotropic effects, ejection fraction did not decrease significantly (from 52 ± 9% to 46 ± 9%); cardiac index and stroke volume index remained unchanged. The change in stroke volume index with verapamil was directly related to the magnitude of change in end-diastolic volume index (r = 0.82, p < 0.005), suggesting that the increase in enddiastolic volume did not arise purely from negative inotropic effects. Systemic vascular resistance index decreased from 42 ± 8 to 34 ± 7 mm Hg-min-m2/liter (p < 0.05).
In contrast, nitroprusside decreased left ventricular end-diastolic volume index from 57 ± 16 to 41 ± 10 ml/m2 (p < 0.05), cardiac index from 3.2 ± 0.7 to 2.8 ± 0.6 liters/min per m2 (p < 0.05) and stroke volume index from 28 ± 6 to 24 ± 5 ml/m2 (p < 0.01), with no change in systemic vascular resistance index (40 ± 10 mm Hg·min·m2). The end-systolic pressure-volume relation shifted downward and leftward in all patients, stemming from altered left ventricular loading.
Thus, in equihypotensive doses, verapamil and nitroprusside have markedly different effects on left ventricular function. The peripheral vasodilation and apparent improvement in left ventricular filling during verapamil balanced the negative inotropic effects, resulting in maintenance of stroke volume and cardiac index. The primary hypotensive effect of verapamil was a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, whereas that of nitroprusside was a decrease in cardiac index stemming from reduced left ventricular preload.
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