ABSTRACT
We present results of a multiline study of the filamentary infrared dark cloud G351.78–0.54 in the 1.3 and 0.8 mm wavelength bands. The lines of the three isotopologues of carbon monoxide ...CO, N2H+, CH3CCH, and HNCO were observed. The aim was to study the general structure of the filamentary cloud, its fragmentation, and physical parameters with the emphasis on properties of dense clumps in this cloud. Several dense clumps are identified from the N2H+ (3–2) data, their masses and virial parameters are determined using the C18O (2–1) line. Temperatures of some clumps are estimated from the CH3CCH and HNCO data. Almost all clumps appear to be gravitationally unstable. The density estimates obtained from the C18O (3–2)/(2–1) and N2H+ (3–2)/(1–0) intensity ratios are in the range n ∼ (0.3–3) × 105 cm−3. The HNCO emission is detected exclusively towards the first clump which contains the luminous IR source IRAS 17233–3606, and indicates an even higher density. It is observed in the outflow, too. The velocity shift of the higher excitation HNCO lines may indicate a movement of the hot core relative to the surrounding medium. In some clumps there is a velocity shift ∼1 km s−1 between N2H+ (3–2) and CO isotopologues. The large widths of the N2H+ (3–2) line in the clumps indicate an increase of the velocity dispersion in their dense interiors, which may be related to the star formation process. The N2H+ abundance drops towards the luminous IR source.
We present new CO (13CO(1-0) and C18O(1-0)) and CS(2-1) line observations of an elongated filamentary structure (length ∼30 pc) in the star-forming site S242, which were taken with the OSO-20 m ...telescope. One filament's end hosts the S242 H ii region, while the other end contains Planck cold clumps. Several subregions are identified in the filament, and are supersonic with Mach number of 2.7-4.0. The study of the dynamical states shows supercritical nature of the subregions (except the central part), which could not be supported by a combination of thermal and turbulent motions. Young stellar objects are seen toward the entire filament, but are more concentrated toward its ends. Dense molecular cores are observed mainly toward the filament ends, and are close to virial equilibrium. Position-velocity plots trace velocity gradients (∼1 km s−1 pc−1) toward both ends. An oscillatory pattern in velocity is also observed toward the filament, indicating its fragmentation. The collapse timescale of the filament is computed to be ∼3.5 Myr. Using the 13CO data, the structure function in velocity of the filament is found to be very similar as that seen in the Musca cloud for lags ∼1-3 pc, and deviates from the Larson's velocity-size relationship. The observed oscillatory pattern in the structure function at higher lags suggests the existence of large-scale and ordered velocity gradients, as well as the fragmentation process through accretion along the filament. Considering all the observed results along with their uncertainties, the S242 filament is a very good example of the end-dominated collapse.
ABSTRACT
We present the observations of ammonia emission lines toward the interstellar filament WB 673 hosting the dense clumps WB 673, WB 668, S233-IR, and G173.57+2.43. LTE analysis of the lines ...allows us to estimate gas kinetic temperature (≲30K in all the clumps), number density (7–17 × 103 cm−3), and ammonia column density (≈1–1.5 × 1015 cm−2) in the dense clumps. We find signatures of collapse in WB 673 and presence of compact spatially unresolved dense clumps in S233-IR. We reconstruct 1D density and temperature distributions in the clumps and estimate their ages using astrochemical modelling. Considering CO, CS, NH3, and N2H+ molecules (plus HCN and HNC for WB 673), we find a chemical age of tchem = 1–3 × 105 yrs, providing the best agreement between the simulated and observed column densities in all the clumps. Therefore, we consider tchem as the chemical age of the entire filament. A long preceding low-density stage of gas accumulation in the astrochemical model would break the agreement between the simulated and observed column densities. We suggest that rapid star formation over a ∼105 yrs time-scale take place in the filament.
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We report observations of molecular line emission toward dense clumps of the WB 673 interstellar filament: WB 668, WB 673, S233–IR, and G173.57+2.43. The observations were done with the 20-m ...telescope at the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). Maps of emission, column densities, and relative abundances of CO, N
2
H
, CS, HCN, and HNC molecules are presented. It was found that the molecular abundances decrease toward the peaks of molecular hydrogen column densities in the clumps.
The results of a detailed analysis of SMA, VLA, and IRAM observations of the region of massive star formation S255N in CO(2–1), N
2
H
+
(3–2), NH
3
(1, 1), C
18
O(2–1) and some other lines is ...presented. Combining interferometer and single-dish data has enabled a more detailed investigation of the gas kinematics in the moleclar core on various spatial scales. There are no signs of rotation or isotropic compression on the scale of the region as whole. The largest fragments of gas (≈0.3 pc) are located near the boundary of the regions of ionized hydrogen S255 and S257. Some smaller-scale fragments are associated with protostellar clumps. The kinetic temperatures of these fragments lie in the range 10–80 K. A circumstellar torus with inner radius
R
in
≈ 8000 AU and outer radius
R
out
≈ 12 000 AU has been detected around the clump SMA1. The rotation profile indicates the existence of a central object with mass ≈8.5/ sin
2
(
i
)
M
⊙
. SMA1 is resolved into two clumps, SMA1–NE and SMA1–SE, whose temperatures are≈150Kand≈25 K, respectively. To all appearances, the torus is involved in the accretion of surrounding gas onto the two protostellar clumps.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCLu) in most cases has an aggressive clinical course and is characterized by a high frequency of extranodal lesions. One of the manifestations of PTCLu, in ...particular Lennert’s lymphoma, is eosinophilia. Regardless of the development mechanism, eosinophilia can be accompanied by heart damage, leading to endomyocardial fibrosis, ventricular thrombosis and, in the final stage, to restrictive cardiomyopathies, which are manifestations of Loeffler’s endocarditis (LE). The presence of LE aggravates the course and prognosis of PTCLu, primarily limiting the possibilities of antitumor drug therapy. A multidisciplinary approach to managing a patient with PTCLu and concomitant LE makes it possible to diagnose and start both specific and cardiotropic therapy in a timely manner, ultimately improving the prognosis. A clinical case of a 44‑year-old patient with newly diagnosed PTCLu (Lennert’s lymphoma) and LE is presented.
Follicular lymphoma is a tumor of mature B-lymphocytes, characterized by a predominantly indolent course. Despite advances in first-line therapy, disease relapses still occur, and with an increase in ...the follow-up period, the risk of transformation into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma also increases. The choice of a further anticancer therapy is based on the results of a comprehensive examination and repeated biopsy. In addition, previous remission duration, previous treatment, clinical manifestation of relapse, the patient's somatic condition and comorbidity are taken into account. A clinical observation of a 57-year-old patient with relapsed follicular lymphoma, who received various chemotherapy regimens in combination with rituximab in the 1st and subsequent lines, is presented. After repeated biopsy and exclusion of transformation into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the patient received lenalidomide therapy in combination with obinutuzumab. A partial antitumor response after 4 cycles with decrease in tumor volume by more than 80 % by the end of induction was achieved. The absence of severe adverse events, together with a pronounced antitumor effect, significantly improved the patient's quality of life.
Background
. Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of the lymphoid and hematopoietic system tumors. Neoplastic process often develops in head and neck area, including the integumentary tissues, orbit, ...nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, salivary glands, thyroid gland, as well as neck lymph nodes. The difficulties of head and neck lymphomas diagnosis are significant, since very often there is a combined non-tumor pathology. The high heterogeneity of lymphomas in the head and neck area requires structuring knowledge about their epidemiology and clinical manifestations.
Objective
: to study the epidemiological and clinical features of the head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases, which will lead to an improvement in diagnostic quality of this nosology’s.
Materials and methods
. The frequency of head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases detection was estimated based on the study of epicrisis and clinical data of 174 patients hospitalized at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2000 to 2020.
Results
. Taking into account the modern clinical and morphological classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization (2017), information about the features of localization, characteristic signs of extranodal foci and lymph nodes is presented. Detection frequency of various subtypes non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas were determined on a sufficient cohort of patients.
Conclusion
. Based on the analysis of clinical and morphological features of head and neck lymphomas, epidemiological and clinical features are described in detail, and differences in the symptoms and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas with a predominant head and neck involvement are revealed.
Despite the therapy advances, largely due to the study of molecular biology, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, and refractory course or relapses significantly worsen the prognosis. In ...this regard, the development of effective therapeutic agents with fundamentally new mechanisms of action that provide increased survival is currently an urgent task. One potential immunotherapeutic target is signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs), and the anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody elotuzumab is used in combination with either lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Elo-Rd regimen) after 1 prior line of therapy, or with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Elo-Pd regimen) after 2 or more lines of therapy. The results of studies demonstrated a survival benefit in all subgroups of patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma when using elotuzumab. A manageable safety profile and a low frequency of grade III–IV induced myelosuppression were noted, which allows the use of elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide or pomalidomide and dexamethasone in elderly and debilitated patients. We present our own experience of using elotuzumab in the treatment of patients with refractory/recurrent multiple myeloma. A clinical case of a patient in whom treatment with elotuzumab was initiated at an early stage (after 1 line of previous therapy) is presented; the effectiveness and safety of using the monoclonal antibody are assessed. A significant improvement in the patient’s clinical condition and positive dynamics according to laboratory data were noted already during the 1st cycle of Elo-Rd regimen with a further progressive deepening of the antitumor response along with satisfactory tolerability and the absence of significant adverse events.
Multiple myeloma is a malignant tumor characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells and currently remains an incurable disease, despite advances in therapy. Resistance and development of ...double refractoriness represent a significant problem, worsening the prognosis. To overcome double refractoriness, new proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib and ixazomib, the 3rd generation immunomodulator pomalidomide and monoclonal antibodies daratumumab, elotuzumab and isatuximab are used. Based on randomized phase III ICARIA-MM and IKEMA studies results, which demonstrated, along with a manageable safety profile, advantages in increasing the antitumor response depth, the rate of achieving negative minimal residual disease status and survival in all subgroups of patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma, isatuximab is used in IsaPd (isatuximab, pomalidomide, dexamethasone) and IsaKd (isatuximab, carfilzomib, dexamethasone) combination. This article discusses the clinical pharmacology of isatuximab. The results of studies demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of antitumor therapy regimens including isatuximab, which made it possible to use it in clinical practice, are presented. We present a case report of a patient with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma who received 3 lines of antitumor treatment, including class 2 proteasome inhibitors, lenalidomide and the monoclonal antibody elotuzumab. After 3 cycles of IsaPd (8 injections of isatuximab), partial remission and pain relief were recorded. The achieved antitumor effect, along with the absence of significant adverse events, facilitated the continuation of therapy at recommended doses.
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