At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a lack of knowledge about the novel virus and a lack of widely available tests, getting first feedback about being infected was not easy. To support ...all citizens in this respect, we developed the mobile health app Corona Check. Based on a self-reported questionnaire about symptoms and contact history, users get first feedback about a possible corona infection and advice on what to do. We developed Corona Check based on our existing software framework and released the app on Google Play and the Apple App Store on April 4, 2020. Until October 30, 2021, we collected 51,323 assessments from 35,118 users with explicit agreement of the users that their anonymized data may be used for research purposes. For 70.6% of the assessments, the users additionally shared their coarse geolocation with us. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report about such a large-scale study in this context of COVID-19 mHealth systems. Although users from some countries reported more symptoms on average than users from other countries, we did not find any statistically significant differences between symptom distributions (regarding country, age, and sex). Overall, the Corona Check app provided easily accessible information on corona symptoms and showed the potential to help overburdened corona telephone hotlines, especially during the beginning of the pandemic. Corona Check thus was able to support fighting the spread of the novel coronavirus. mHealth apps further prove to be valuable tools for longitudinal health data collection.
A series of dinuclear M(III) (M = Fe or Ga) catecholate complexes has been prepared using bisbidentate catecholate ligands (L). The products contain discrete, dinuclear M2(L)3 6- anions featuring ...pseudo-octahedral coordination centers. The helical nature of the dinuclear complexes has been established by CD spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The salt (N(CH3)4)6Ga2(L 3 )3 (L 3 = N,N‘-bis(2,3-dihydroxy-4-carbamoylbenzoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction; crystals are hexagonal, space group P3̄1c with unit cell dimensions a = 14.283(2) Å, c = 42.966(2) Å, V = 7591 Å3, and Z = 2. Variable-temperature 1H NMR experiments demonstrate that the configuration inversion of the enantiomers of K6Ga2(L 4 )3 (L 4 = N,N‘-bis(2,3-dihydroxy-4-(isopropylcarbamoyl)benzoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine) and K6Ga2(L 5 )3 (L 5 = N-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-(isopropylcarbamoyl)benzoyl)-N‘-(2,3-dimethoxy-4-(methylcarbamoyl)benzoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine) is facile in D2O or DMSO-d 6. The mechanism of inversion has been probed by dynamic NMR spectroscopy, using the complex K6Ga2(L 5 )3 which exists in two isomeric forms in solution, cis- and trans. The intramolecular inversion of the dinuclear helicates occurs without cis−trans isomerization and proceeds by independent trigonal twisting of each metal center, affording the heterochiral meso complex as an intermediate. The free energy of activation for the inversion of K6Ga2(L 4 )3 in D2O at pD = 12.1 is ΔG ⧧ 298 = 79(2) kJ mol-1, with ΔH = 75(2) kJ mol-1 and ΔS ⧧ = −12(6) J mol-1 K-1. Under slightly acidic conditions a proton-assisted pathway becomes dominant and the rate of inversion shows a second-order dependence in D+. The heterochiral meso complex of Ga2(L 4 )6 3- is shown to be a transient kinetic intermediate in the (Λ,Λ) ↔ (Δ,Δ) inversion process of the helicate complex.
The objective was to determine whether rats could synthesize longer chain polyunsaturates from hexadecadienoate (16:2n-6) and hexadecatrienoate (16:3n-3). Rats were gavaged with uniformly ...13C-labelled hexadecadienoate or hexadecatrienoate, euthanized 24 h later, and total lipids were extracted from liver and carcass. Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to measure 13C levels in individual liver, carcass, and whole body fatty acids. 13C Enrichment was present in desaturated and chain-elongated polyunsaturates, including linoleate, arachidonate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate at 12-13% of the dose of tracer given. 13C Enrichment from hexadecatrienoate was highest in carcass and liver alpha-linolenate, representing 3.5 and 17.9% of the total alpha-linolenate pool, respectively. For linoleate, arachidonate, or docosahexaenoate, the contribution of 13C did not exceed 0.2% of the total body pool. Green leafy vegetables common in the human diet were shown to contain up to 1.2% of total fatty acids as hexadecadienoate and 11.6% as hexadecatrienoate. Hence, humans consuming green vegetables probably synthesize a small proportion of their total body content of linoleate and alpha-linolenate.
