This article analyzes the effectiveness of various groups of probiotics in the context of use in pig farming, based on real research. Aspects such as the effect of probiotics on the growth and ...development of piglets, the health and composition of the intestinal microflora, as well as the overall productivity of pigs, including sows, are considered. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that different groups of probiotics have a diverse effect on the production performance of pigs. The use of various drugs, according to research, can help increase the fertility and safety of piglets. And some probiotics can be effective in rearing piglets, reducing feed costs and improving growth parameters. The article emphasizes the importance of choosing the optimal group of probiotics depending on the specific conditions and tasks of pig farming.
Driven by the unprecedented availability of data, machine learning has become a pervasive and transformative technology across industry and science. Its importance to marine science has been codified ...as one goal of the UN Ocean Decade. While increasing amounts of, for example, acoustic marine data are collected for research and monitoring purposes, and machine learning methods can achieve automatic processing and analysis of acoustic data, they require large training datasets annotated or labelled by experts. Consequently, addressing the relative scarcity of labelled data is, besides increasing data analysis and processing capacities, one of the main thrust areas. One approach to address label scarcity is the expert-in-the-loop approach which allows analysis of limited and unbalanced data efficiently. Its advantages are demonstrated with our novel deep learning-based expert-in-the-loop framework for automatic detection of turbulent wake signatures in echo sounder data. Using machine learning algorithms, such as the one presented in this study, greatly increases the capacity to analyse large amounts of acoustic data. It would be a first step in realising the full potential of the increasing amount of acoustic data in marine sciences.
In this work, a new hybridization of superconducting and ferromagnetic orders is demonstrated, promising for magnonics. By measuring the ferromagnetic and spin wave resonance absorption spectra of a ...magnetostatically coupled permalloy/niobium bilayer at different temperatures, magnetostatic spin wave resonances with unconventional dispersion are observed. The mechanism behind the modified dispersion, confirmed with micromagnetic simulations, implies screening of the alternating magnetostatic stray fields of precessing magnetic moments in the ferromagnetic layer by the superconducting surface in the Meissner state.
Magnetization dynamics is considered in a ferromagnetic film coupled inductively to a superconducting plane. As demonstrated, superconductivity promotes magnetostatic surface spin wave resonances with unconventional dispersion modified due to interaction of a spin wave with its mirrored image induced by the superconducting Meissner screening currents. The phenomenon offers application of superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid structures in magnonics.
The critical step for future quantum industry demands realization of efficient information exchange between different-platform hybrid systems that can harvest advantages of distinct platforms. The ...major restraining factor for the progress in certain hybrids is weak coupling strength between the elemental particles. In particular, this restriction impedes a promising field of hybrid magnonics. In this work, we propose an approach for realization of on-chip hybrid magnonic systems with unprecedentedly strong coupling parameters. The approach is based on multilayered microstructures containing superconducting, insulating, and ferromagnetic layers with modified photon phase velocities and magnon eigenfrequencies. The enhanced coupling strength is provided by the radically reduced photon mode volume. Study of the microscopic mechanism of the photon-to-magnon coupling evidences formation of the long-range superconducting coherence via thick strong ferromagnetic layers in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor trilayer in the presence of magnetization precession. This discovery offers new opportunities in microwave superconducting spintronics for quantum technologies.
We investigate a Magnetic Josephson Junction (MJJ) - a superconducting device with ferromagnetic barrier for a scalable high-density cryogenic memory compatible with energy-efficient single flux ...quantum (SFQ) circuits. The superconductor-insulator-superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIS ' FS) MJJs are analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. We found that the properties of SIS ' FS junctions fall into two distinct classes based on the thickness of S ' layer. We fabricate Nb-Al/AlOx-Nb-PdFe-Nb SIS ' FS MJJs using a co-processing approach with a combination of HYPRES and ISSP fabrication processes. The resultant SIS ' FS structure with thin superconducting S ' -layer is substantially affected by the ferromagnetic layer as a whole. We fabricate these type of junctions to reach the device compatibility with conventional SIS junctions used for superconducting SFQ electronics to ensure a seamless integration of MJJ-based circuits and SIS JJ-based ultra-fast digital SFQ circuits. We report experimental results for MJJs, demonstrating their applicability for superconducting memory and digital circuits. These MJJs exhibit I c R n product only ~ 30% lower than that of conventional SIS junctions co-produced in the same fabrication. Analytical calculations for these SIS ' FS structures are in a good agreement with the experiment. We discuss application of MJJ devices for memory and programmable logic circuits.
Superconducting proximity devices using low-dimensional semiconducting elements enable a ballistic regime in the proximity transport. The use of topological insulators in such devices is considered ...promising owing to the peculiar transport properties these materials offer, as well the hope of inducing topological superconductivity and Majorana phenomena via proximity effects. Here we demonstrate the fabrication and superconducting properties of proximity Josephson devices integrating nanocrystals single of Bi
2
Te
2.3
Se
0.7
with a thickness of a few unit cells. Single junctions display typical characteristics of planar Josephson devices; junctions integrating two nanocrystals behave as nanodimensional superconducting quantum interference devices. A peculiar temperature and magnetic field evolution of the Josephson current along with the observed excess current effect point towards the ballistic proximity regime of topological channels. This suggests the proposed devices are promising for testing topological superconducting phenomena in two-dimensions.
Topological insulators in contact with a superconductor could house unusual physical states such as Majorana fermions. Here, the authors fabricate and report the electron-transport characteristics of Josephson junctions built using a nanoscale topological insulator, finding evidence for ballistic transport in the surface states of the nanocrystals.
Nitrocellulose accumulated in sludge accumulators does not undergo any changes and remains explosive for decades but it can be used as initial recourse for H2 and nanocarbon production through ...biogas. Anaerobic biotransformation of waste with a nitrocellulose content of about 75% with native microflora, consortia of mesophilic or thermophilic microorganisms from industrial bioreactors under various volume loading of microorganisms and temperature conditions has been studied. Stimulation by an additional source of biogenic elements and the development of native microflora made it possible to reduce the concentration of nitrocellulose by 44% at 35 °C in 100 days. With a biocatalyst volume loading of 30% at 35 °C with mesophilic biocatalyst 39% of nitrocellulose (with 50% initial volume loading) was conversed to biogas, at 55 °C with thermophilic biocatalyst-99%. The rate constant of decomposition of nitrocellulose using a thermophilic biocatalyst was 0.0248 day−1, while the half–life of nitrocellulose was 28 days.
Structural and electronic properties of ultrathin nanocrystals of chalcogenide Bi2(Te x Se1–x )3 were studied. The nanocrystals were formed from the parent compound Bi2Te2Se on as-grown and thermally ...oxidized Si(100) substrates using Ar-assisted physical vapor deposition, resulting in well-faceted single crystals several quintuple layers thick and a few hundreds nanometers large. The chemical composition and structure of the nanocrystals were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron backscattering, and X-ray diffraction. The electron transport through nanocrystals connected to superconducting Nb electrodes demonstrated Josephson behavior, with the predominance of the topological channels Stolyarov et al. Commun. Mater., 2020, 1, 38 . The present paper focuses on the effect of the growth conditions on the morphology, structural, and electronic properties of nanocrystals.
In this work, a class of metamaterials is proposed on the basis of ferromagnet/superconductor hybridization for applications in magnonics. These metamaterials comprise of a ferromagnetic magnon ...medium that is coupled inductively to a superconducting periodic microstructure. Spectroscopy of magnetization dynamics in such hybrid evidences formation of areas in the medium with alternating dispersions for spin wave propagation, which is the basic requirement for the development of metamaterials known as magnonic crystals. The spectrum allows for derivation of the impact of the superconducting structure on the dispersion: it takes place due to a diamagnetic response of superconductors on the external and stray magnetic fields. In addition, the spectrum displays a dependence on the superconducting critical state of the structure: the Meissner and the mixed states of a type II superconductor are distinguished. This dependence hints toward nonlinear response of hybrid metamaterials on the magnetic field. Investigation of the spin wave dispersion in hybrid metamaterials shows formation of allowed and forbidden bands for spin wave propagation. The band structures are governed by the geometry of spin wave propagation: in the backward volume geometry the band structure is conventional, while in the surface geometry the band structure is nonreciprocal and is formed by indirect band gaps.
Placing a superconductor next to a ferromagnet makes it possible to modify the dispersion of spin waves. A ferromagnetic medium with a superconducting grid forms a magnonic crystal with allowed and forbidden frequency bands for spin wave propagation. The band structure of the crystal is shown to depend on the spin‐wave geometry as well as on the characteristics of superconducting microstructure.
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