We analyzed reports for 59,073 contacts of 5,706 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) index patients reported in South Korea during January 20-March 27, 2020. Of 10,592 household contacts, 11.8% had ...COVID-19. Of 48,481 nonhousehold contacts, 1.9% had COVID-19. Use of personal protective measures and social distancing reduces the likelihood of transmission.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Jeong H, Ryu Y‐j, An J, Lee Y & Kim A
(2012) Histopathology 60, E87–E95
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer correlates with high histological grade and triple‐negative phenotype
Aims: ...Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is characterized by a loss of epithelial nature and the acquisition of a mesenchymal form. The aim of this study was to assess the role of EMT in human mammary carcinogenesis, by performing immunohistochemical studies of EMT markers with tissue microarrays.
Methods and results: A total of 492 cases were evaluated and classified as hormone receptor (HR)‐positive type, HER2 type and triple‐negative (TN) type by the use of immunohistochemistry and in‐situ hybridization. We compared these groups in terms of epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression patterns. Of the 102 cases of TN‐type breast cancer, 24.5% expressed vimentin, 13.7% expressed N‐cadherin, and 9.8% expressed smooth muscle actin (SMA). Of the 221 cases of HR‐type breast cancer, 4.1% expressed vimentin, 5.9% expressed N‐cadherin, and 0.4% expressed SMA. Regarding epithelial markers, decreased expression was seen in 16.7% of cases for E‐cadherin, in 45.1% for cytokeratin (CK)19 and in 60.8% for CK8 and CK18 (CAM5.2) in TN‐type breast cancer cases. Decreased expression was seen in 11.8% of cases for E‐cadherin, in 6.8% for CK19 and in 3.2% for CAM5.2 in HR‐type cases.
Conclusions: EMT features were particularly seen in TN‐type breast cancer (P < 0.001). EMT was also significantly associated with high histological grade (P < 0.001).
Beas-2B is an adenovirus 12-SV40-transfected cell line of "normal" human bronchial epithelial cells. This cell line was able to replace normal human bronchial epithelial cells, which are currently ...unavailable, and served as a model for related studies in numerous toxicology and cancer transformation experiments. In any experiment involving toxins or carcinogens, the basic morphology of Beas-2B should be well characterized prior to exposure, but this has never been properly reported. In this study, atypical cells of the Beas-2B cell line in early passage culture were observed using light and electron microscopy, and the cells were further investigated for abnormal karyotypes by flow cytometry. This Beas-2B cell line could be morphologically categorized into two cell types, A and B. Type A contains a large nucleus and abundant cytoplasm (type A > 95%) and type B contains a small nucleus with dense and scarce cytoplasm (type B < 5%). Both atypical cell types had atypical and multilobed/multinucleated cells, including a high percentage (>30%) of mitotic figures, and were Ki-67 positive (100%). Karyotyping also revealed that 40.4% of the cells had atypical karyotyped chromosomes. In light of these findings, this cell line is no longer a "normal" cell, and experiments performed using this cell line can be questioned for non-default results. Experimenters should consider this error in future experiments.
We used a nationwide population registry in South Korea to estimate the effect of a second booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on the risk for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, critical ...infection, and death in immunocompromised persons and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. During February 16-May 7, 2022, among 972,449 eligible persons, 736,439 (75.7%) received a first booster and 236,010 (24.3%) persons received a second booster. Compared with the first booster group, at 30-53 days, the second booster recipients had vaccine effectiveness (VE) against all infections of 22.28% (95% CI 19.35%-25.11%), VE against critical infection of 56.95% (95% CI 29.99%-73.53%), and VE against death of 62.96% (95% CI 34.18%-79.15%). Our findings provide real-world evidence that a second booster dose of mRNA vaccine substantially increases protection against critical infection and death in these high-risk population groups.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reduced mitochondrial electron transport chain activity promotes longevity and improves energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and -non-autonomous factors in multiple model systems. This mitohormetic ...effect is thought to involve the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR
), an adaptive stress-response pathway activated by mitochondrial proteotoxic stress. Using mice with skeletal muscle-specific deficiency of Crif1 (muscle-specific knockout MKO), an integral protein of the large mitoribosomal subunit (39S), we identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a UPR
-associated cell-non-autonomous myomitokine that regulates systemic energy homeostasis. MKO mice were protected against obesity and sensitized to insulin, an effect associated with elevated GDF15 secretion after UPR
activation. In ob/ob mice, administration of recombinant GDF15 decreased body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, which was attributed to elevated oxidative metabolism and lipid mobilization in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Thus, GDF15 is a potent mitohormetic signal that safeguards against the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
Neuroscience research has become a national priority for the Korean government. Korean scholars have dedicated interest in the societal ramifications of neurotechnologies; neuroethics is an integral ...component of the Korea Brain Initiative and to the formation of its growing neuroscience community.
Neuroscience research has become a national priority for the Korean government. Korean scholars have dedicated interest in the societal ramifications of neurotechnologies; neuroethics is an integral component of the Korea Brain Initiative and to the formation of its growing neuroscience community.
We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection among recipients of 4 different vaccines in South ...Korea. Age-adjusted breakthrough infection rate per month was highest for Janssen (42.6/100,000 population), followed by AstraZeneca (21.7/100,000 population), Pfizer-BioNTech (8.5/100,000 population), and Moderna (1.8/100,000 population).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims/hypothesis
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is essential for energy production and survival. However, the tissue-specific and systemic metabolic effects of OxPhos function in ...adipocytes remain incompletely understood.
Methods
We used adipocyte-specific
Crif1
(also known as
Gadd45gip1
) knockout (AdKO) mice with decreased adipocyte OxPhos function. AdKO mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet were evaluated for glucose homeostasis, weight gain and energy expenditure (EE). RNA sequencing of adipose tissues was used to identify the key mitokines affected in AdKO mice, which included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). For in vitro analysis, doxycycline was used to pharmacologically decrease OxPhos in 3T3L1 adipocytes. To identify the effects of GDF15 and FGF21 on the metabolic phenotype of AdKO mice, we generated AdKO mice with global
Gdf15
knockout (AdGKO) or global
Fgf21
knockout (AdFKO).
Results
Under high-fat diet conditions, AdKO mice were resistant to weight gain and exhibited higher EE and improved glucose tolerance. In vitro pharmacological and in vivo genetic inhibition of OxPhos in adipocytes significantly upregulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response-related genes and secretion of mitokines such as GDF15 and FGF21. We evaluated the metabolic phenotypes of AdGKO and AdFKO mice, revealing that GDF15 and FGF21 differentially regulated energy homeostasis in AdKO mice. Both mitokines had beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in the context of decreased adipocyte OxPhos, but only GDF15 regulated EE in AdKO mice.
Conclusions/interpretation
The present study demonstrated that the adipose tissue adaptive mitochondrial stress response affected systemic energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous pathways. We identified novel roles for adipose OxPhos and adipo-mitokines in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis and EE, which facilitated adaptation of an organism to local mitochondrial stress.
The quality of the scan image is important in peripapillary circulation analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We aimed to investigate the effects of signal strength (SS) on ...the peripapillary microvascular density acquired from OCTA. A total of 259 eyes from 259 young healthy subjects were included. Peripapillary OCTA images using 3 × 3 mm angiography scan were acquired from all participants. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the SS: SS 7, SS 8, SS 9, and SS 10. Vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) of the superficial capillary plexus were calculated. VD and PD were compared among the four groups, and linear regression analyses were performed to identify and evaluate the clinical factors associated with average VD. As the SS increased from 7 to 10, the average VD and PD increased; these increases were statistically significant (all, p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed that four factors were significantly correlated with average VD: age (partial r = 0.133), average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (partial r = 0.169), cup/disc ratio (partial r =-0.481), and SS (partial r = 0.413). SS is a significant factor affecting peripapillary microvascular density, and its influence is similar to well-known structural parameters associated with glaucoma.
Aim
This study was done to determine the effects of temperature, pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) on antimicrobial activity of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) against E. coli O157:H7.
Methods ...and results
Culture conditions were established by varying the pH (5.0, 7.2 and 9.0), NaCl concentration (0.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0%, w/v), and incubation temperatures (4, 12, 22 and 37°C). At each condition, the antimicrobial activities of MgO‐NPs (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) against E. coli O157:H7 were measured. Four‐way analysis of variance indicated interactions among all factors had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the antimicrobial activity of MgO‐NPs. The concentration of MgO‐NPs necessary to cause a 5‐log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 under the most inhibitory conditions (37°C, pH 9.0, and 5.0% NaCl) was 0.50 mg/ml of MgO‐NPs.
Conclusion
The antimicrobial activity of the MgO‐NPs increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with increased temperature, pH and NaCl concentration in TSB.
Significance and impact of the study
The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on antimicrobial activity of MgO‐NPs we found will contribute to the development of microbial decontamination strategies using MgO in the food industry.
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