We present measurements of bulk properties of the matter produced in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$_ {NN}$= 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV using identified hadrons (π±, K±, p, and $\bar{p}$) from ...the STAR experiment in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Midrapidity (| y | < 0.1) results for multiplicity densities dN / dy, average transverse momenta $\langle$pT$\rangle$, and particle ratios are presented. The chemical and kinetic freeze-out dynamics at these energies are discussed and presented as a function of collision centrality and energy. These results constitute the systematic measurements of bulk properties of matter formed in heavy-ion collisions over a broad range of energy (or baryon chemical potential) at RHIC.
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically prone individuals. The current treatment for CD is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. However, in ...some CD patients following a strict gluten-free diet, the symptoms do not remit. These cases may be refractory CD or due to gluten contamination; however, the lack of response could be related to other dietary ingredients, such as maize, which is one of the most common alternatives to wheat used in the gluten-free diet. In some CD patients, as a rare event, peptides from maize prolamins could induce a celiac-like immune response by similar or alternative pathogenic mechanisms to those used by wheat gluten peptides. This is supported by several shared features between wheat and maize prolamins and by some experimental results. Given that gluten peptides induce an immune response of the intestinal mucosa both in vivo and in vitro, peptides from maize prolamins could also be tested to determine whether they also induce a cellular immune response. Hypothetically, maize prolamins could be harmful for a very limited subgroup of CD patients, especially those that are non-responsive, and if it is confirmed, they should follow, in addition to a gluten-free, a maize-free diet.
Una de las estrategias que más impacto y mayor eficacia tiene para la modulación de la microbiota intestinal es el consumo de fibra dietaria, que puede ser digerida por la propia microbiota generando ...numerosos metabolitos. Entre estos, se encuentran los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) con funciones tanto locales como sistémicas, que impactan en la composición y función de la microbiota intestinal y por lo tanto en la salud humana. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue generar un documento que sirva como marco de referencia para conocer acerca de la fibra dietaria y sus efectos directos e indirectos.
Los beneficios directos de la ingestión de fibra dietaria pueden ser dependientes o independientes de la microbiota intestinal. La utilización de la fibra dietaria por esta última depende de varios factores y de sus características fisicoquímicas. La clase de fibra dietaria influye sobre la composición de la microbiota intestinal debido a que no todas las especies tienen la misma capacidad de producir enzimas necesarias para su degradación. El consumo de dietas con bajo contenido de fibra dietaria puede afectar el balance de los AGCC producidos. Los beneficios indirectos de la fibra dietaria impactan sobre la salud cardiometabólica, la salud digestiva, ciertos trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales y enfermedades diversas.
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health.
The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
Resumen La enfermedad celiaca (EC), esprúe celíaco o enteropatía sensible al gluten, es una enfermedad autoinmune generalizada que se caracteriza por inflamación crónica y atrofia de la mucosa del ...intestino delgado, causada por la exposición al gluten de la dieta que afecta a individuos genéticamente predispuestos. En México se estima que al menos 800,000 personas podrían padecerla, por lo que la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convocó a un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos para que realizaran la Guía clínica para diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedad celíaca en México , y se establecieran recomendaciones para la comunidad médica, sus enfermos y la población general. Los profesionistas participantes, divididos en 3 mesas de trabajo, recibieron material bibliográfico seleccionado por los coordinadores (ART, LUD, JMRT), quienes propusieron los enunciados que fueron discutidos y votados en 3 sesiones: 2 a través de medios electrónicos y una presencial. Al final se aceptaron 39 enunciados que, una vez aprobados, fueron desarrollados y revisados por los coordinadores hasta su versión final, que fue aprobada por todos los participantes. Dentro de estas se destaca que la epidemiología y factores de riesgo asociados (familiares de primer grado, enfermedades autoinmunes, poblaciones de alto riesgo) a EC en México son similares a los descritos en otras partes del mundo. Se establecen pautas para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento apropiado de los pacientes mexicanos que la padecen. Se insiste en que una dieta estricta libre de gluten es indispensable solo en las personas con EC confirmada, y que su papel en pacientes con sensibilidad al gluten sin EC es aún un tema de controversia.
Parity (P)-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge ...separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in noncentral collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three-particle mixed-harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a P-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge-separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at {radical}s{sub NN} = 200 and 62 GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to P violation.
Here, we present measurements of three-particle correlations for various harmonics in Au+Au collisions at energies ranging from √sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The quantity < ...cos(mΦ1+nΦ2–(m+n)Φ3) >, with Φ being the azimuthal angles of the particles is evaluated as a function of √sNN, collision centrality, transverse momentum, pT, pseudorapidity difference, Δη, and harmonics (m and n). These data provide detailed information on global event properties such as the three-dimensional structure of the initial overlap region, the expansion dynamics of the matter produced in the collisions, and the transport properties of the medium. A strong dependence on Δη is observed for most harmonic combinations, which is consistent with breaking of longitudinal boost invariance. An interesting energy dependence is observed when one of the harmonics m,n, or m+n is equal to two, for which the correlators are dominated by the two-particle correlations relative to the second-harmonic event plane. These measurements can be used to constrain models of heavy-ion collisions over a wide range of temperature and baryon chemical potential.
We summarize the results from the study of charmonium and bottomonium via the dimuon decay channel in PbPb collisions with the CMS experiment. We discuss the observation of sequential suppression of ...the Υ states. We present preliminary results of prompt J/ψ and ψ' production, as well as of non-prompt J/ψ's coming from the weak decay of b-quarks. This latter measurement is sensitive to b-quark energy loss. We discuss the results and compare to model predictions.
We report the timing and spatial resolution from the Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) installed in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Cosmic ray muons traversing the STAR detector have an average transverse ...momentum of 6GeV/c. Due to their very small multiple scattering, these cosmic muons provide an ideal tool to calibrate the detectors and measure their timing and spatial resolution. The values obtained were ~100ps and ~1–2cm. These values are comparable to those obtained from cosmic-ray bench tests and test beams.
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, ...which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health.
The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber’s physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
Una de las estrategias que más impacto y mayor eficacia tiene para la modulación de la microbiota intestinal es el consumo de fibra dietaria, que puede ser digerida por la propia microbiota generando numerosos metabolitos. Entre éstos, se encuentran los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) con funciones tanto locales como sistémicas, que impactan en la composición y función de la microbiota intestinal y por lo tanto en la salud humana. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue generar un documento que sirva como marco de referencia para conocer acerca de la fibra dietaria y sus efectos directos e indirectos.
Los beneficios directos de la ingestión de fibra dietaria, pueden ser dependientes o independientes de la microbiota intestinal. La utilización de la fibra dietaria por esta última, depende de varios factores y de sus características fisicoquímicas. La clase de fibra dietaria influye sobre la composición de la microbiota intestinal debido a que no todas las especies tienen la misma capacidad de producir enzimas necesarias para su degradación. El consumo de dietas con bajo contenido de fibra dietaria puede afectar el balance de los AGCC producidos. Los beneficios indirectos de la fibra dietaria impactan sobre la salud cardiometabólica, la salud digestiva, ciertos trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales y enfermedades diversas.
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