The Sansalvador villa, the first project exclusively designed by Josep Maria Jujol in Barcelona, is a unique architectural complex that piques curiosity about its origins and conception. Its ...incomplete state, limited documentation, and blend of modernist and organic elements contribute to its exceptional nature. This article delves into its history and conceptualization by examining original documents and conducting a detailed photogrammetric survey of the built architectural complex as it is today. By overlaying new planimetry derived from fieldwork onto the original plans, certain peculiarities, discrepancies, and unforeseen changes emerge, shedding light on Jujol’s creative process. The Sansalvador villa reveals the profound connection between the project and its surroundings, showcasing Jujol’s keen awareness of the site’s pre-existing conditions. His architecture is defined by a critical approach to these conditions, integrating them as essential elements in defining the project’s character.
Despite the fact that previous literature has validated the significant role of urban facades in the initiation of social behaviors, there is still an existing scientific gap regarding the impact of ...double-skin facades on the establishment of social activities within an urban context. The main objective of the present study is to scrutinize the impact of double-skin facades on the establishment of social activities. A quantitative and qualitative research method was applied using Space Syntax and empirical observations methods. A t-test was also used to compare the independent groups using the SPSS software. The results indicated that the establishment of social and behavioral activities in front of double-skin facades were found to be significantly higher than single-skin facades. Meanwhile, the types of observed behaviors in front of double-skin facades were found to be more social and optional compared to those observed in front of single-skin facades. The implication of this study may contribute to urban and landscape designers, planners, and architects, and assist them in creating a more socially sustainable and walkable built environment.
Partiendo del caso de la sillería del coro de la catedral de Oviedo, desmantelada y reconstruida parcialmente en la sala Capitular del mismo edificio, este artículo describe el proceso de ...reconstrucción virtual y posterior visualización interactiva del conjunto original en su contexto. Para ello se integran geométricamente imágenes equirectangulares del edificio actual con el modelo virtual de la sillería reconstruida en su totalidad a partir del levantamiento fotogramétrico de parte de ella, todavía existente. La técnica permite combinar de forma hiperrealista imágenes reales y virtuales, ofreciendo al espectador, de forma interactiva e inmersiva, un recorrido virtual “mixto” de la nave central de la catedral que incorpora el modelo virtual reconstruido en la ubicación para el que fue originalmente diseñado. La metodología propuesta supone una nueva estrategia de visualización que, de forma económica, interactiva, ubicua y universal, ha de permitir un avance en la difusión del patrimonio descontextualizado.
El presente trabajo aborda el desarrollo de un proceso metodológico y diseño arquitectónico sostenible a partir del intercambio de información entre modelos constructivos realizados con la ...metodología BIM (Building Information Modelling) y los programas de certificación energética más comunes. Este traspaso de información constructiva ha resultado ser históricamente una tarea manual a la que el diseñador ha debido enfrentarse, a menudo, a partir de la generalización y simplificación de los modelos energéticos. Este escrito describe una metodología y aplicación web gratuita de desarrollo propio (IMIP-appweb), que permite la lectura de la información contenida en ficheros IFC y GBXML, e incorpora de forma automatizada los datos necesarios en el modelo energético, facilitando su calificación, contribuyendo a su evaluación, a la mejora de su rendimiento energético y, consecuentemente, a la reducción de su huella de carbono. La aplicación ha sido evaluada exitosamente a partir de los casos de estudio y pruebas piloto llevadas a cabo en el transcurso del proyecto IMIP (Innovative Eco-Construction System Based on Interlocking Modular Insulation Wood and Cork-Based Panels), simulados energéticamente con la ayuda de la herramienta. Esta aproximación supone una nueva estrategia en la lucha contra el cambio climático ya que: (a) reduce los tiempos de trabajo en los procesos de certificación energética; (b) facilita la interacción entre distintos modelos digitales promoviendo una toma de decisiones más informada en materia de diseño ambiental, que ha de contribuir finalmente a reducir el impacto de los edificios públicos y privados en el Sudoeste Europeo.
Thermal performance is a major part of the building envelope and is getting more attention globally. Nowadays, parametric design methods are used in building envelope design, such as facade design, ...for optimization of building envelopes, which could affect thermal performance and energy consumption. Moreover, new technologies applied to building design have not only changed the appearance of cities but also increased occupant comfort. This paper illustrates a systematic review that explains some tools and techniques that have been used in recent years to improve thermal comfort by applying parametric design panels to a second skin façade for residents. It attempted to collect and synthesize the most relevant evidence and methodologies. In this paper, 30 articles have been analyzed. They are classified by methodologies, years, and climate zones. Results suggest that simulation is the most accurate in comparison with other methodologies.
•We tested the use of new mobile technologies in an architecture degree program.•We evaluated the spatial representative capacity of AR technology.•Mobile technologies used in the teaching process ...improve academic achievement.•The generation of architectural models using AR is complex and of poor quality.•The use of familiar technology increases student satisfaction and motivation.
In this study, we describe the implementation and evaluation of an experiment with Augmented Reality (AR) technology in the visualization of 3D models and the presentation of architectural projects by students of architecture and building engineering. The proposal is based on the premise that the technology used in AR, such as mobile devices, is familiar to the student. When used in a collaborative manner, the technology is able to achieve a greater level of direct engagement with the proposed content, thereby improving academic outcomes. The objective was to assess the feasibility of using AR on mobile devices in educational environments and to investigate the relationship between the usability of the tool, student participation, and the improvement in academic performance after using AR. The validation was performed through a case study in which students were able to experience a virtual construction process overlapped onto real environments. Results were obtained by students’ pre-tests and post-tests. In line with our assumptions, the use of mobile devices in the classroom is highly correlated with motivation, and there is a significant correlation with academic achievement. However, the difficulty of using and generating content is a complex factor that suggests difficulty when implementing more complicated models.
This work aims to evaluate the implementation of an augmented reality tool in the framework of architecture and building engineering education. It is based on a Geographical Positioning System to ...register virtual information on real space. Layar platform, for mobile devices, was used to visualize 3D models, which are linked to virtual information channels through a database and geo-located in their real position. The basis of this proposal is students’ innate affinity with friendly digital devices such as smart phones or tablets. Educational content visualization in real environments was found to help students to evaluate and share their own-generated architectural proposals and improve their spatial skills. The suggested method aims to improve access to 3D multimedia content on mobile devices and adapt it to all types of users and content. In addition, a usability analysis was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this technology in educational settings.
La descontextualització del patrimoni historic-artístic a què han estat sotmesos gran part dels centres eclesiàstics espanyols suposa un clar exemple de la progressiva pèrdua del patrimoni cultural. ...L'obra, un cop fora del lloc per al qual va ser concebuda originalment, queda completament desvirtuada, impedint l'historiador, científic, o mer espectador, contemplar-la en la seva totalitat i establir qualsevol hipòtesi sobre el seu origen i configuració original. Inspirat en el cas del cadirat gòtic de la Catedral de Girona, completament desmantellat, aquest article presenta un exercici de reconstrucció virtual i posterior integració en un aplicatiu per a la visualització interactiva del conjunt en el seu context original. Per aconseguir-ho s'integren geomètricament imatges equirectangulars de l'edifici actual amb el model virtual del cadirat reconstruït íntegrament a partir de l'aixecament fotogramètric de part d'elements, encara existents i disseminats en diferents llocs. La tècnica permet combinar de forma hiperrealista imatges reals i virtuals, oferint a l'espectador un recorregut virtual “mixt” de la nau central de la catedral en incorporar el model virtual reconstruït a la ubicació per al que va ser dissenyat originalment. La metodologia proposada suposa una nova estratègia de visualització d'aquest tipus d'elements que, de manera immersiva i interactiva, econòmica i ubiqua, ha de permetre un avenç en la difusió i la recuperació del patrimoni descontextualitzat.
The decontextualization of the historical-artistic heritage to which a large part of the Spanish ecclesiastical centres has been subjected, is a clear example of the progressive loss of cultural heritage. The artwork, once it’s outside of the place for which it was originally conceived, is completely distorted, preventing historians, scientists, or visitors, from contemplating it entirety or to establish any hypothesis about its origin and original configuration. Inspired by the case of the Gothic stalls of the Cathedral of Girona, currently completely dismantled, this article presents a virtual reconstruction exercise to be integrated into an application for interactive visualization of the complex in its original context. For this, equirectangular images of the current building are geometrically integrated with the virtual model of the stalls reconstructed from the photogrammetric survey of part of the elements, still existing and scattered in different places. The technique makes it possible to hyper-realistically combine real and virtual images, offering the viewer a “mixed” virtual tour of the central nave of the cathedral by incorporating the reconstructed virtual model in the originally designed location. The proposed methodology supposes a new visualization strategy of this type of elements that, in an immersive and interactive, economic, and ubiquitous way, must allow an advance in the dissemination and recovery of decontextualized heritage.
La descontextualización del patrimonio histórico-artístico a la que han estado sometidos gran parte de los centros eclesiásticos españoles supone un claro ejemplo de la progresiva pérdida del patrimonio cultural. La obra, una vez fuera del lugar para el que fue originalmente concebida, queda completamente desvirtuada, impidiendo al historiador, científico, o mero espectador, contemplarla en su totalidad y establecer cualquier hipótesis sobre su origen y configuración original. Inspirado en el caso de la sillería gótica de la Catedral de Girona, completamente desmantelada en la actualidad, este artículo presenta un ejercicio de reconstrucción virtual y posterior integración en un aplicativo para la visualización interactiva del conjunto en su contexto original. Para ello se integran geométricamente imágenes equirectangulares del edificio actual con el modelo virtual de la sillería reconstruida en su totalidad a partir del levantamiento fotogramétrico de parte de elementos, todavía existentes y diseminados en distintos lugares. La técnica permite combinar de forma hiperrealista imágenes reales y virtuales, ofreciendo al espectador un recorrido virtual “mixto” de la nave central de la catedral al incorporar el modelo virtual reconstruido en la ubicación para el que fue originalmente diseñado. La metodología propuesta supone una nueva estrategia de visualización de este tipo de elementos que, de forma inmersiva e interactiva, económica, y ubicua, ha de permitir un avance en la difusión y recuperación del patrimonio descontextualizado.
Aquest article desenvolupa una metodologia al camp de les operacions de rehabilitació i millora urbana en teixits urbans consolidats. Té per objecte racionalitzar el procés d'adjudicació d'un ús a ...una zona o edifici existent i pretén servir de base per a edificis que actualment han quedat en desús o obsolets i que, per la seva entitat, mereixen un estudi detallat del paper que podrien jugar al context en què es troben, com a generadors de nova activitat. Així, a partir d’una sèrie d’alternatives (finites) extretes a partir de l’anàlisi dels equipaments existents a la zona d’estudi, i una sèrie de criteris construïts mitjançant l’anàlisi d’indicadors (econòmics, socials i ambientals), es prioritzen per seccions censals les necessitats per comparació amb la resta del municipi. Per fer-ho, es proposa una metodologia general que combina un mètode d'anàlisi de components principals, per a l'extracció d'indicadors que caracteritzin la zona, amb un mètode multicriteri discret, que aconsegueixi ponderar-ne els pesos i els de les alternatives. A partir de la combinació dels dos mètodes, i la correcció dels pesos obtinguts en funció de les característiques de la zona, és possible establir un mapa de necessitats per a cada ús dels plantejats (alternatives), i obtenir-ne, a més, la millor alternativa per a la zona d'estudi. This article develops a methodology in the field of urban rehabilitation and improvement operations in consolidated urban fabrics. It aims to streamline the process of awarding an appropriate use to an existing area or building. It is intended to serve as a basis for buildings that are currently in disuse or obsolete. Due to their importance as generators of new activity, they deserve a detailed study of the role they could play in the context in which they find themselves. Thus, from a series of (finite) alternatives extracted from the analysis of the existing facilities in the study area, and a set of criteria constructed through the analysis of indicators (economic, social, and environmental), census sections needs are prioritized by comparison with the rest of the municipality. For this, a general model is proposed that combines a method of Principal Components Analysis (PCA), for the extraction of indicators that characterize the area, with a discrete multi-criteria method known as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which manages to balance their weights and the alternatives ones. The methodology is exemplified by a case study of a disused building in Sabadell. From the combination of the two methods, and the correction of the weights obtained, depending on the characteristics of the area, it is possible to establish a map of needs for each proposed use (alternatives) and to obtain the best alternative for the studied area. Este artículo desarrolla una metodología en el campo de las operaciones de rehabilitación y mejora urbana en tejidos urbanos consolidados. Tiene por objeto racionalizar el proceso de adjudicación de un uso a una zona o edificio existente y pretende servir de base para edificios que actualmente han quedado en desuso u obsoletos y que, por su entidad, merecen un estudio pormenorizado del papel que podrían jugar en el contexto en que se encuentran, como generadores de nueva actividad. Así, a partir de una serie de alternativas (finitas) extraídas a partir del análisis de los equipamientos existentes en la zona de estudio, y una serie de criterios construidos mediante el análisis de indicadores (económicos, sociales y ambientales) se priorizan por secciones censales las necesidades por comparación con el resto del municipio. Para ello se propone una metodología general que combina un método de Análisis de Componentes Principales (en adelante ACP), para la extracción de indicadores que caractericen la zona, con un método multicriterio discreto conocido como Analytic Hierarchy Process (en adelante AHP), que consiga ponderar sus pesos y los de las alternativas. La metodología se ejemplifica mediante un caso de estudio de un edificio en desuso en Sabadell. A partir de la combinación de los dos métodos, y la corrección de los pesos obtenidos en función de las características de la zona, es posible establecer un mapa de necesidades para cada uso de los planteados (alternativas), y obtener, además, la mejor alternativa para la zona de estudio.
In this paper we present “ML-AR” Practice Modules, in the field of Architecture and Building Engineering. They are alternative to traditional courses which are taught over a semester, and adapted to ...the student learning flow. In this case we used a particular technology such as Hand Held Augmented Reality (HHAR), to overlap virtual models on real scenes. Experience was limited to specific groups within four areas of undergraduate and master. In each case, specific Mobile Learning (ML) practices have been carried out. Each experimental group (EG) has been able to visualize a virtual model created by them or their teachers, in order to evaluate an architectural proposal or a construction detail, on site, as part of their own learning process. Students without the required devices, still in the ordinary course, configured the control group, (CG). Virtual models generation and augmented scenes preview on site, provided evaluation tools for better assessment and knowledge of student's proposals prior to any intervention. In addition, tangible interaction and the abilitiy to modify and share their views also provided social skills and helped to create a self-formative process. Mobile devices and AR technology were used close to the students who show greater motivation and commitment in their didactic contents generation. Evaluation is based on academic performance improvement through study cases, by comparing the achievement of the overall objectives between the two groups (EG & GC). Relationship between performance and usability is also assessed. The experiments carried out confirmed our initial hypothesis, where Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) used in the web 3.0 environments, allow improving learning processes and reducing its temporality without previous experience at a very low cost. AR Technology in this area combined with Cloud computing development, creates a new paradigm of continuous training and self-learning though the use of AR technology.
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