Background: Major depressive disorder is a common, chronic condition that imposes a substantial burden of disability globally. As current treatments are estimated to address only one-third of the ...disease burden of depressive disorders, there is a need for new approaches to prevent depression or to delay its progression. While in its early stages, converging evidence from laboratory, population research, and clinical trials now suggests that dietary patterns and specific dietary factors may influence the risk for depression. However, largely as a result of the recency of the nutritional psychiatry field, there are currently no dietary recommendations for depression.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a set of practical dietary recommendations for the prevention of depression, based on the best available current evidence, in order to inform public health and clinical recommendations.
Results: Five key dietary recommendations for the prevention of depression emerged from current published evidence. These comprise: (1) follow 'traditional' dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, Norwegian, or Japanese diet; (2) increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, wholegrain cereals, nuts, and seeds; (3) include a high consumption of foods rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; (4) replace unhealthy foods with wholesome nutritious foods; (5) limit your intake of processed-foods, 'fast' foods, commercial bakery goods, and sweets.
Conclusion: Although there are a number of gaps in the scientific literature to date, existing evidence suggests that a combination of healthful dietary practices may reduce the risk of developing depression. It is imperative to remain mindful of any protective effects that are likely to come from the cumulative and synergic effect of nutrients that comprise the whole-diet, rather than from the effects of individual nutrients or single foods. As the body of evidence grows from controlled intervention studies on dietary patterns and depression, these recommendations should be modified accordingly.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Scope
The aim of this study is to assess whether the long‐term addition of genistein to a high‐fat diet can ameliorate the metabolic and the cognitive alterations and whether the changes can be ...associated with modifications to the gut microbiota.
Methods and results
C57/BL6 mice were fed either a control (C) diet, a high‐fat (HF) diet, or a high‐fat diet containing genistein (HFG) for 6 months. During the study, indirect calorimetry, IP glucose tolerance tests, and behavioral analyses were performed. At the end of the study, plasma, liver, brain, and fecal samples were collected. The results showed that mice fed the HFG diet gained less weight, had lower serum triglycerides, and an improvement in glucose tolerance than those fed an HF diet. Mice fed the HFG diet also modified the gut microbiota that was associated with lower circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the liver compared to those fed HF diet. The reduction in LPS by the consumption of genistein was accompanied by an improvement of the cognitive function.
Conclusions
Genistein is able to regulate the gut microbiota, reducing metabolic endotoxemia and decreasing the neuroinflammatory response despite the consumption of a HF diet.
Genistein is a dietary bioactive compound present in soy that has several health benefits. The present study reveals that genistein in mice fed a high‐fat diet is able to modify the gut microbiota by increasing the genus Prevotella and Akkermansia. This is accompanied by a decrease in circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide, reducing metabolic endotoxemia. As a consequence, there is a reduction in neuroinflammation, improving the cognitive function.
This study aimed to (i) gain insight in the prevalence of overweight indices in European preschoolers (4–7 years); (ii) identify energy balance‐related behaviours associated with overweight/obesity; ...and (iii) identify children at risk for overweight/obesity. Secondary analyses of six European data sets were conducted according to standardized protocols. Based on objectively measured height and weight, prevalence of overweight and obesity across the countries ranged from 8% to 30% and 1% to 13%, respectively, with highest rates in Southern European countries (i.e. Spain and Greece). Positive associations between sedentary behaviours and overweight indices were found. Physical activity and dietary behaviours were not associated, possibly because of methodological limitations. Children of parents with high body mass index or low socioeconomic status were at increased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, large differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschoolers across Europe were observed. Future obesity prevention interventions in preschoolers should target screen time giving specific attention to children from overweight and/or low socioeconomic status parents. There is a need for high methodological quality studies, preferably with a long‐term prospective design using sensitive, valid and reliable measures of behaviours, assessing whether and which physical activity and dietary behaviours are associated with overweight in preschoolers.
Mediterranean diet has been related with reduced morbidity and better well-being. The aim of this study was to assess whether the adherence to the Mediterranean diet were associated with mental and ...physical health related to quality of life.
This analysis included 11 015 participants with 4 years of follow-up in the SUN Project (a multipurpose cohort study based on university graduates from Spain). A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline, according to a nine-point score, presented in four categories (low, low-moderate, moderate-high and high). Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured after 4 years of follow-up with the Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey. Generalized Linear Models were fitted to assess adjusted mean scores, the regression coefficients (β) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the SF-36 domains according to categories of adherence to Mediterranean diet.
Multivariate-adjusted models revealed a significant direct association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and all the physical and most mental health domains (vitality, social functioning and role emotional). Vitality (β=0.50, 95% CI=0.32-0.68) and general health (β=0.45, 95% CI=0.26-0.62) showed the highest coefficients. Mean values for physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health and vitality domains were significantly better with increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Those having improved their initial high diet scores have better scores in physical functioning, general health and vitality.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet seems to be a factor importantly associated with a better HRQL.
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, triggered by acute catecholamine discharge, is a syndrome characterized by transient, apical ballooning linked to acute heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. Rats ...receiving an acute isoproterenol (ISO) overdose (OV) suffer cardiac apex ischemia-reperfusion damage and arrhythmia, and then undergo cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Nevertheless, the subcellular mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction after acute damage subsides are not thoroughly understood. To address this question, Wistar rats received a single ISO injection (67 mg/kg). We found in vivo moderate systolic and diastolic dysfunction at 2 wk post-ISO-OV; however, systolic dysfunction recovered after 4 wk, while diastolic dysfunction worsened. At 2 wk post-ISO-OV, cardiac function was assessed ex vivo, while mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and stress were assessed in vitro, and Ca(2+) handling in ventricular myocytes. These were complemented with sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), phospholamban (PLB), and RyR2 expression studies. Ex vivo, basal mechanical performance index (MPI) and oxygen consumption rate (MVO2) were unchanged. Nevertheless, upon increase of metabolic demand, by β-adrenergic stimulation (1-100 nM ISO), the MPI versus MVO2 relation decreased and shifted to the right, suggesting MPI and mitochondrial energy production uncoupling. Mitochondria showed decreased oxidative metabolism, membrane fragility, and enhanced oxidative stress. Myocytes presented systolic and diastolic Ca(2+) mishandling, and blunted response to ISO (100 nM), and all these without apparent changes in SERCA, PLB, or RyR2 expression. We suggest that post-ISO-OV mitochondrial dysfunction may underlie decreased cardiac contractility, mainly by depletion of ATP needed for myofilaments and Ca(2+) transport by SERCA, while exacerbated oxidative stress may enhance diastolic RyR2 activity.
Scope
Genistein increases whole body energy expenditure by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and thermogenesis. G‐Coupled receptor GPR30 can mediate some actions of genistein, however, ...it is not known whether it is involved in the activation of WAT‐thermogenesis. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine whether genistein activates thermogenesis coupled to an increase in WAT browning and mitochondrial activity, in GPR30+/+ and GPR30−/− mice.
Methods and Results
GPR30+/+ and GPR30−/− mice are fed control or high fat sucrose diets containing or not genistein for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and browning markers in WAT, and oxygen consumption rate, 3’, 5’‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and browning markers in adipocytes are evaluated. Genistein consumption reduces body weight and fat mass gain in a different extent in both genotypes, however, energy expenditure is lower in GPR30−/− compared to GPR30+/+ mice, accompanied by a reduction in browning markers, maximal mitochondrial respiration, cAMP concentration, and browning markers in cultured adipocytes from GPR30−/− mice. Genistein improves glucose tolerance in GPR30+/+, but this is partially observed in GPR30−/− mice.
Conclusion
The results show that GPR30 partially mediates genistein stimulation of WAT thermogenesis and the improvement of glucose tolerance.
Genistein increases 3’, 5’‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and the abundance of thermogenic genes in adipocytes, increasing mitochondrial activity and stimulating energy expenditure in adipose tissue in GPR30+/+ mice, and also improving insulin sensitivity through an increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. These effects are partially decreased by the lack of the GPR30 receptor.
To study the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and all-cause mortality in a healthy middle-aged Mediterranean cohort.
We included 15,390 participants –mean age 42.8 years at ...first HRQoL ascertainment, all university graduates–. HRQoL was assessed with the self-administered Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) twice, with a 4-year gap. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to address the relation between self-reported health and Physical or Mental Component Summary (PCS-36 or MCS-36) and mortality, and their interaction with prior comorbidities or adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).
Over 8.7 years of median follow-up time, 266 deaths were identified. Hazard ratio (HR) for the excellent vs. poor/fair category in self-reported health was 0.30 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.57) in the model with repeated measurements of HRQoL. Both the PCS-36 (HRquartile4(Q4)vs.Q1 0.57 95%CI, 0.36–0.90, ptrend < 0.001; HRper+10points: 0.64 95%CI, 0.54–0.75) and the MCS-36 (HRQ4vs.Q1 0.67 95%CI, 0.46–0.97, ptrend = 0.025; HRper+10points: 0.86 95%CI, 0.74–0.99) were inversely associated with mortality in the model with repeated measurements of HRQoL. Previous comorbidities or adherence to the MedDiet did not modify these associations.
Self-reported HRQoL –assessed as self-reported health, PCS-36 and MCS-36– obtained with the Spanish version of the SF-36 were inversely associated with mortality risk, regardless of the presence of previous comorbidities or adherence to the MedDiet.
•The Self-Reported Health may stand as a valid total mortality risk.•Past comorbidities didn't modify the relation between quality of life and mortality.•The Physical Component Summary of the SF-36 was inversely associated with mortality.•The Physical Component Summary was statistically associated to all-cause mortality.•Physical Component Summary scoring <50 progressively increased the mortality risk.
Mediterranean diet and depression Sánchez-Villegas, A; Henríquez, P; Bes-Rastrollo, M ...
Public health nutrition,
12/2006, Letnik:
9, Številka:
8A
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate intake of B vitamins and w-3 fatty acids. A protective role on depression has been suggested for both nutrients.
Cross-sectional ...analysis from the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort study. Data from 9670 participants (4211 men and 5459 women) were analised. Logistic regression analyses were fitted to assess the association between B-vitamins and w-3 fatty acids intake (quintiles) and the prevalence of depression.
Folate intake was inversely associated with depression prevalence among men, especially smokers. Among women, B12 vitamin intake was inversely associated with depression, especially among smokers and physically active women. No significant associations were observed for w-3 fatty acids intake.
The adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate intake of fruits, nuts, vegetables, cereals, legumes or fish, important sources of nutrients linked to depression prevention.
SIRT7 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that controls important aspects of metabolism, cancer, and bone formation. However, the molecular targets and functions of SIRT7 in the kidney are currently ...unknown. In silico analysis of kidney transcripts of the BXD murine genetic reference population revealed a positive correlation between Sirt7 and Slc12a7 mRNA expression, suggesting a link between the corresponding proteins that these transcripts encode, SIRT7, and the K‐Cl cotransporter KCC4, respectively. Here, we find that protein levels and activity of heterologously expressed KCC4 are significantly modulated depending on its acetylation status in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Moreover, SIRT7 interacts with KCC4 in a NAD+‐dependent manner and increases its stability and activity in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, metabolic acidosis increases SIRT7 expression in kidney, as occurs with KCC4. In contrast, total SIRT7‐deficient mice present lower KCC4 expression and an exacerbated metabolic acidosis than wild‐type mice during an ammonium chloride challenge. Altogether, our data suggest that SIRT7 interacts with, stabilizes and modulates KCC4 activity through deacetylation, and reveals a novel role for SIRT7 in renal physiology.
SYNOPSIS
The molecular targets and functions of SIRT7 in the kidney are currently unknown. This study demonstrates that SIRT7 interacts with, stabilizes and modulates KCC4 activity through deacetylation, and reveals a novel role for SIRT7 in renal physiology.
KCC4 protein levels and activity are modulated depending on its acetylation status.
SIRT7 interacts with KCC4 and increases its stability and activity through deacetylation.
Metabolic acidosis increased renal SIRT7 expression, while SIRT7‐deficient mice presented lower renal KCC4 expression.
SIRT7 interacts with, stabilizes and modulates KCC4 activity through deacetylation, revealing a novel role for SIRT7 in renal physiology.
The circadian clock is an endogenous time-tracking system that anticipates daily environmental changes. Misalignment of the clock can cause obesity, which is accompanied by reduced levels of the ...clock-controlled, rhythmic metabolite NAD
. Increasing NAD
is becoming a therapy for metabolic dysfunction; however, the impact of daily NAD
fluctuations remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that time-of-day determines the efficacy of NAD
treatment for diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. Increasing NAD
prior to the active phase in obese male mice ameliorated metabolic markers including body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, hepatic inflammation and nutrient sensing pathways. However, raising NAD
immediately before the rest phase selectively compromised these responses. Remarkably, timed NAD
adjusted circadian oscillations of the liver clock until completely inverting its oscillatory phase when increased just before the rest period, resulting in misaligned molecular and behavioral rhythms in male and female mice. Our findings unveil the time-of-day dependence of NAD
-based therapies and support a chronobiology-based approach.
PDF
