For star-forming regions, there is a correlation of radio and FIR-emission established. The radio emission is caused by synchrotron radiation of electrons, while the FIR emission is attributed to HII ...regions of OB stars and hot dust powered by those stars. Another possible correlation for star-forming regions might exist between the aforementioned radio emission and the gamma ray emission in the GeV regime. The GeV gamma ray emission of star-forming regions is dominated by the decay of neutral pions formed in collisions of cosmic ray (CR) protons accelerated at supernova remnants (SNRs) with ambient hydrogen, while the electrons generating the synchrotron emission are assumed to be accelerated at the same SNRs. Assuming the same spectral shape for the CR proton and electron distribution and a fixed ratio of CR protons to electrons, the proton- and electron-calorimetry of the star-forming regions can be tested. Furthermore, this provides a method to derive the magnetic field strength in the star-forming region complementary to the existing methods.
Zusammenfassung
1. Bei einem totalen Krankenhausvertrag mit einer Zusatzvereinbarung über die Inanspruchnahme nichtärztlicher Wahlleistungen nach §17 KHEntgG handelt es sich insgesamt um einen ...gemischttypischen Vertrag.
2. Störungen hinsichtlich der Unterbringung in einem Krankenhauszimmer sind nach Mietrecht zu beurteilen.
3. Zur Substantiierung einer Gebrauchsminderung durch Baulärm im Krankenhaus müssen Art, Intensität und Zeitraum des Baulärms dargelegt werden. (Leitsätze der Bearbeiter)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 151105 We report the first measurement of the atmospheric electron neutrino flux in
the energy range between approximately 80 GeV and 6 TeV, using data recorded
during the ...first year of operation of IceCube's DeepCore low energy extension.
Techniques to identify neutrinos interacting within the DeepCore volume and
veto muons originating outside the detector are demonstrated. A sample of 1029
events is observed in 281 days of data, of which 496 $\pm$ 66(stat.) $\pm$
88(syst.) are estimated to be cascade events, including both electron neutrino
and neutral current events. The rest of the sample includes residual
backgrounds due to atmospheric muons and charged current interactions of
atmospheric muon neutrinos. The flux of the atmospheric electron neutrinos is
consistent with models of atmospheric neutrinos in this energy range. This
constitutes the first observation of electron neutrinos and neutral current
interactions in a very large volume neutrino telescope optimized for the TeV
energy range.
The 2024 BBN baryon abundance update Schöneberg, Nils
Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics,
06/2024, Letnik:
2024, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract We revisit the state of the light element abundances from big bang nucleosynthesis in early 2024 with particular focus on the derived baryon abundance. We find that the largest differences ...between the final baryon abundances are typically driven by the assumed Deuterium burning rates, characterized in this work by the underlying code. The rates from theoretical ab-initio calculations favor smaller baryon abundances, while experimentally-determined rates prefer higher abundances. Through robust marginalization over a wide range of nuclear rates, the recently released PRyMordial code allows for a conservative estimate of the baryon abundance at Ω b h 2 = 0.02218 ± 0.00055 (using PDG-recommended light element abundances) in ΛCDM and Ω b h 2 = 0.02196 ± 0.00063 when additional ultra-relativistic relics are considered (ΛCDM + N eff ). These additional relics themselves are constrained to Δ N eff = -0.10 ± 0.21 by light element abundances alone.
There are approximately 800 annotated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, making these membrane receptors members of the most abundant gene family in the human genome. Besides being involved in ...manifold physiologic functions and serving as important pharmacotherapeutic targets, mutations in 55 GPCR genes cause about 66 inherited monogenic diseases in humans. Alterations of nine GPCR genes are causatively involved in inherited digenic diseases. In addition to classic gain- and loss-of-function variants, other aspects, such as biased signaling,
-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, contribute to the repertoire of GPCR dysfunctions. However, the spectrum of alterations and GPCR involvement is probably much larger because an additional 91 GPCR genes contain homozygous or hemizygous loss-of-function mutations in human individuals with currently unidentified phenotypes. This review highlights the complexity of genomic alteration of GPCR genes as well as their functional consequences and discusses derived therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of new transgenic and sequencing technologies, the number of monogenic diseases related to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutants has significantly increased, and our understanding of the functional impact of certain kinds of mutations has substantially improved. Besides the classical gain- and loss-of-function alterations, additional aspects, such as biased signaling,
-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, uniparental disomy, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, need to be elaborated in light of GPCR dysfunctions and possible therapeutic strategies.
The BAO+BBN take on the Hubble tension Schöneberg, Nils; Lesgourgues, Julien; Hooper, Deanna C.
Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics,
10/2019, Letnik:
2019, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many attempts to solve the Hubble tension with extended cosmological models combine an enhanced relic radiation density, acting at the level of background cosmology, with new physical ingredients ...affecting the evolution of cosmological perturbations. Several authors have pointed out the ability of combined Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) data to probe the background cosmological history independently of both CMB maps and supernovae data. Using state-of-the-art assumptions on BBN, we confirm that combined BAO, deuterium, and helium data are in tension with the SH0ES measurements under the ΛCDM assumption at the 3.2σ level, while being in close agreement with the CMB value. We subsequently show that floating the radiation density parameter
N
eff
only reduces the tension down to the 2.6σ level. This conclusion, totally independent of any CMB data, shows that a high
N
eff
accounting for extra relics (either free-streaming or self-interacting) does not provide an obvious solution to the crisis, not even at the level of background cosmology. To circumvent this strong bound, (i) the extra radiation has to be generated after BBN to avoid helium bounds, and (ii) additional ingredients have to be invoked at the level of perturbations to reconcile this extra radiation with CMB and LSS data.
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric electron neutrino flux in the energy range between approximately 80 GeV and 6 TeV, using data recorded during the first year of operation of ...IceCube's DeepCore low energy extension. Techniques to identify neutrinos interacting within the DeepCore volume and veto muons originating outside the detector are demonstrated. A sample of 1029 events is observed in 281 days of data, of which 496 \(\pm\) 66(stat.) \(\pm\) 88(syst.) are estimated to be cascade events, including both electron neutrino and neutral current events. The rest of the sample includes residual backgrounds due to atmospheric muons and charged current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos. The flux of the atmospheric electron neutrinos is consistent with models of atmospheric neutrinos in this energy range. This constitutes the first observation of electron neutrinos and neutral current interactions in a very large volume neutrino telescope optimized for the TeV energy range.
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) catalyze reverse-topology scission from the inner face of membrane necks in HIV budding, multivesicular endosome biogenesis, ...cytokinesis, and other pathways. We encapsulated ESCRT-III subunits Snf7, Vps24, and Vps2 and the AAA+ ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) Vps4 in giant vesicles from which membrane nanotubes reflecting the correct topology of scission could be pulled. Upon ATP release by photo-uncaging, this system generated forces within the nanotubes that led to membrane scission in a manner dependent upon Vps4 catalytic activity and Vps4 coupling to the ESCRT-III proteins. Imaging of scission revealed Snf7 and Vps4 puncta within nanotubes whose presence followed ATP release, correlated with force generation and nanotube constriction, and preceded scission. These observations directly verify long-standing predictions that ATP-hydrolyzing assemblies of ESCRT-III and Vps4 sever membranes.
Increased extracellular Ca
concentrations (Ca
) trigger activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes through calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). To prevent extraosseous calcification in vivo, the ...serum protein fetuin-A stabilizes calcium and phosphate into 70-100 nm-sized colloidal calciprotein particles (CPPs). Here we show that monocytes engulf CPPs via macropinocytosis, and this process is strictly dependent on CaSR signaling triggered by increases in Ca
. Enhanced macropinocytosis of CPPs results in increased lysosomal activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Monocytes in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit increased CPP uptake and IL-1β release in response to CaSR signaling. CaSR expression in these monocytes and local Ca
in afflicted joints are increased, probably contributing to this enhanced response. We propose that CaSR-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to inflammatory arthritis and systemic inflammation not only in RA, but possibly also in other inflammatory conditions. Inhibition of CaSR-mediated CPP uptake might be a therapeutic approach to treating RA.
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