In this paper, we investigate the dark energy phenomenon by studying the Tsallis holographic dark energy within the framework of Brans–Dicke (BD) scalar–tensor theory of gravity (Brans and Dicke in ...Phys. Rev. 124:925, 1961). In this context, we choose the BD scalar field
ϕ
as a logarithmic function of the average scale factor
a
(
t
) and Hubble horizon as the IR cutoff (
L
=
H
-
1
). We reconstruct two cases of non-interacting and interacting fluid (dark sectors of cosmos) scenario. The physical behavior of the models are discussed with the help of graphical representation to explore the accelerated expansion of the universe. Moreover, the stability of the models are checked through squared sound speed
v
s
2
. The well-known cosmological plane i.e.,
ω
de
-
ω
de
′
is constructed for our models. We also include comparison of our findings of these dynamical parameters with observational constraints. It is also quite interesting to mention here that the results of deceleration, equation of state parameters and
ω
de
-
ω
de
′
plane coincide with the modern observational data.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with higher magnetization are highly desirable for targeted drug delivery (TDD) systems, as it helps accumulation of drug at the target site. However, ...functionalization of MNPs for drug binding reduces the magnetization which affects the efficacy of TDD. Herein we report direct functionalization of MNPs with (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) which preserves the magnetization. Grafting density estimated by TGA and BET analysis showed monolayer grafting of APTES on MNP surface. MNPs were comprehensively characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, SQUID-VSM and FTIR. Anti-cancerous drug telmisartan (TEL) was loaded on monolayer APTES grafted MNPs. In-vitro controlled drug release and cytotoxicity study on PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line of TEL conjugated MNPs are also discussed. This functionalization strategy can be extended to other biomedical applications where higher magnetization is desired.
Identifying suitable zones for surface water storage and groundwater recharge is needed to enhance irrigation water availability. This study was undertaken to map rainwater harvesting (RWH) potential ...zones using geospatial tools and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The suitable locations for RWH were also mapped using the Boolean logic concept. The surface runoff is a vital factor to demarcate the appropriate zones for RWH. The curve number approach was used to estimate the surface runoff potential. The runoff coefficient (RC) map was generated based on rainfall and surface runoff depth. Weights have been allocated to selected themes of RC, drainage density, and slope. The themes were integrated using geographic information system (GIS) and AHP to demarcate the suitable zones for RWH. The derived RWH potential map was categorized into zones like “very good,” “good,” “moderate,” “poor,” and “very poor” with an aerial extent of 14.3%, 24.7%, 28.3%, 20.2%, and 12.6%, respectively. The area suitable for farm ponds was found to be about 9% (408 km
2
), 13% (329 km
2
), and 4% (244 km
2
) in Mirzapur, Chandauli, and Sonbhadra districts, respectively. Furthermore, 22, 15, and 21 locations were found suitable for check dams in Mirzapur, Chandauli, and Sonbhadra districts, respectively. At a large scale, effective planning of water management strategies based on multicriteria decision analysis and GIS offers increased availability of surface and groundwater resources and may help for enhancing the agricultural land use options. The higher resolution maps may be further utilized to plan RWH strategies at village level.
AbstractSpatial heterogeneity of a river basin increases the predicting uncertainty of streamflow using hydrological models, and for such river basins calibration and prediction become a challenge. ...For a large and low flow–producing river basin like the Pennar basin of India, single-site calibration may ignore spatial heterogeneity, which leads to the use of a multiple-site calibration approach. The present study used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to develop a real-world numerical model for predicting streamflow in a large, low runoff–producing river basin and evaluated the performance of the model under single-site and multiple-site calibration approaches. Under multiple-site approach, the large basin was divided into smaller subbasins, and the calibrated parameters were sequentially applied to the entire basin, and so local conditions were incorporated very effectively into the calibration process. The results demonstrated the superiority of a multiple-site calibration over a single-site calibration approach in predicting streamflow. The overall improvement of model performance in predicting streamflow using multiple-site approach over single-site approach reached as high as 133% during calibration and 140% during validation, as observed at the basin outlet (Chennur station). It was also observed that, within the basin, precipitation contributed only 15.8% to surface runoff, 2.6% to total aquifer recharge, and 69.3% to evapotranspiration. Uncertainty analysis indicated that more than 64% of the observed streamflow was bracketed by a 95% prediction uncertainty (PPU) band under the multiple-site approach. Thus, the multiple-site calibration approach demonstrated its ability to improve model performance by capturing the heterogeneity of a low runoff–producing basin like Pennar.
In this paper, the thermoeconomic concept is applied to the optimization of an aqua-ammonia vapour-absorption refrigeration (VAR) system—aimed at minimizing its overall product cost. The ...thermoeconomic concept based simplified cost minimization methodology calculates the economic costs of all the internal flows and products of the system by formulating thermoeconomic cost balances. The system is then thermoeconomically evaluated to identify the effects of design variables on costs and thereby enables to suggest values of design variables that would make the overall system cost-effective. Based on these suggestions, the optimization of the system is carried out through an iterative procedure. The results show a significant improvement in the system performance without any additional investment. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the effect of the changes in fuel cost to the system parameters.
In this paper, the thermoeconomic theory is applied to the economic optimization of a single effect water/LiBr vapour absorption refrigeration system for air-conditioning application, aimed at ...minimizing its overall operation and amortization cost. The mathematical and numerical techniques based optimization of thermal system is not always possible due to plant complexities. Therefore, a simplified cost minimization methodology is applied to evaluate the economic costs of all the internal flows and products of the system by formulating exergoeconomic cost equations. Once these costs are determined, the system is thermoeconomically evaluated to identify the effects of design variables on costs and enables to suggest values of design variables that would make the overall system cost effective. Finally, an approximate optimum design configuration is obtained by means of sequential local optimization of the system, carried out unit by unit. The result compares this optimum with the base case and shows percentage variations in the system's operation and amortization cost.
•Canine parvovirus NS1 (CPV2.NS1) protein does not activate extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.•Expression of CPV2.NS1 results in mitochondrial depolarization and opening of permeability transition ...pores.•CPV2.NS1 induced apoptosis is mitochondria mediated i.e., it proceeds through intrinsic pathway.•Expression of CPV2.NS1 also causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species.•Inclusion of an anti-oxidant in the medium reduces the extent of apoptosis.
The non-structural protein (NS1) of parvoviruses plays an important role in viral replication and is thought to be responsible for inducing cell death. However, the detailed mechanism and the pathways involved in canine parvovirus type 2 NS1 (CPV2.NS1) induced apoptosis are not yet known. In the present study, we report that expression of CPV2.NS1 in HeLa cells arrests cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle and the apoptosis is mitochondria mediated as indicated by mitochondrial depolarization, release of cytochrome-c and activation of caspase 9. Treatment of cells with caspase 9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK reduced the induction of apoptosis significantly. We also report that expression of CPV2.NS1 causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and treatment with an antioxidant reduces the ROS levels and the extent of apoptosis. Our results provide an insight into the mechanism of CPV2.NS1 induced apoptosis, which might prove valuable in developing NS1 protein as an oncolytic agent.
•Canine parvovirus NS1 protein (CPV2.NS1) is cytotoxic to tumor cells.•CPV2.NS1 treatment significantly inhibits the growth of mouse mammary tumor in vivo.•CPV2.NS1 treatment also induces anti-tumor ...immune response, which is specific to tumor cells.
Many viral proteins have the ability to kill tumor cells specifically without harming the normal cells. These proteins, on ectopic expression, cause lysis or induction of apoptosis in the target tumor cells. Parvovirus NS1 is one of such proteins, which is known to kill high proliferating tumor cells. In the present study, we assessed the apoptosis inducing ability of canine parvovirus type 2 NS1 protein (CPV2.NS1) in vitro in 4T1 cells, and found it to cause significant cell death due to induction of apoptosis through intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. Further, we also evaluated the oncolytic activity of CPV2.NS1 protein in a mouse mammary tumor model. The results suggested that CPV2.NS1 was able to inhibit the growth of 4T1 induced mouse mammary tumor as indicated by significantly reduced tumor volume, mitotic, AgNOR and PCNA indices. Further, inhibition of tumor growth was found to be because of induction of apoptosis in the tumor cells, which was evident by a significant increase in the number of TUNEL positive cells. Further, CPV2.NS1 was also able to stimulate the immune cells against the tumor antigens as indicated by the increased CD4+ and CD8+ counts in the blood of CVP2.NS1 treated mice. Further optimization of the delivery of NS1 protein and use of an adjuvant may further enhance its anti-tumor activity.
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