Hard probes created through large momentum transfers are used to study the properties of QCD matter created in heavy-ion collisions, by comparing the measurements to those in p+p collisions. Jets, ...and the "quenching" or suppression of jets in the medium created in heavy-ion collisions, are studied through various different observables. We present the most recent measurements from \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions, with p+p collisions as the reference, by the STAR Collaboration. The observables are semi-inclusive charged jets and di-jet transverse momentum imbalance. Additionally, correlation measurements of direct photon-hadron and neutral pion-hadron are presented and discussed.
The dynamical charge fluctuations have been studied in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using hadronic model simulations, such as UrQMD and HIJING. The evolution of fluctuations has been ...calculated at different time steps during the collision as well as different observation window in pseudorapidity (\DelEta). The final state effects on the fluctuations have been investigated by varying \(\bigtriangleup\eta\)~ and the time steps with the aim of obtaining an optimum observation window for capturing maximum fluctuations. It is found that \(\bigtriangleup\eta\)~ between 2.0 and 3.5 gives the best coverage for the fluctuations studies. The results of these model calculations for Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}\)~=~7.7 to 200~GeV and for Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV are presented and compared with available experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
The Beam Energy Scan program has been undertaken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to search for the QCD critical point. The presence of the critical point is expected to lead to ...non-monotonic behavior of several quantities. Here we report the result of higher moments of net-charge distributions for Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 39 GeV as measured by the STAR experiment. The STAR results are compared with results from HIJING event generator and Hadron Resonance (HRG) Models.
Serum lysozyme gene is one of the important genes influencing the immune system as its product can cause lysis of bacterial cell wall by cleaving the peptidoglycan layer. The present investigation on ...the serum lysozyme gene of Indian riverine buffalo was undertaken with the objectives to identify and characterize single nucleotide polymorphic patterns by PCR-SSCP method as well as to study the effect of different genotypes on serum lysozyme activity and somatic cell count. A total of 280 animals comprising four different famous bubaline breeds (Murrah, Mehsana, Surti and Bhadawari), spread over six different farms across the country were used for this study. A 276 bp (partial intron 2, complete exon 3 and partial intron 3) fragment of lysozyme gene was screened for polymorphism using the SSCP technique. Four genotypes namely AA, AB, BC and AC were observed, out of which BC genotype was found to be the most frequent. Among these three alleles, C allele (0.38) was most prevalent in these populations. Various SSCP allelic variants were cloned for sequencing and sequences were submitted to NCBI Genbank. From the alignment of the nucleotide sequences of various allelic variants, it was found that there were differences in 12 positions among the alleles, out of which maximum variation (at 8 places) was found in the intronic region. The allele A was closer to allele-C than allele-B. Allele B was phylogenetically equidistant from both of the other alleles. Mean lysozyme activity determined in serum samples of different animals of Murrah buffalo was 27.35±2.42 µg per ml of serum, whereas the mean somatic cell count was 1.25±0.13 x 10.sup.5 cells per ml of milk. The SSCP pattern-wise effects of various genotypes on lysozyme activity and SCC were analyzed. Although the mean values were apparently different in various genotypes, these differences were statistically non-significant. It can be concluded that the riverine buffaloes are sufficiently polymorphic with respect to serum lysozyme gene. The absence of AA genotype in Bhadawari breed of buffalo can be considered as a marker for breed characterization. The difference of four nucleotides in exon-3 indicates high selection pressure on the gene. (Key Words : Polymorphism, Lysozyme Gene, SSCP, Buffalo, Association, SCC, Sequencing)
The nature of secondary dispersion of As, Sb, Hg and Bi in soil and that of As and Sb in ground water in the Archaean Hutti-Maski schist belt has been studied. Several gold deposits and occurrences ...are known in this schist belt. The deposits are located along shear zones in the metabasalt or along the contacts of metabasalt with granophyre.Three soil types (of black, red and an intermediate yellowish colour) are present in the area. Mineral constituents of these soil types are similar, but they differ in the relative proportions of their mineral constituents. Physico-chemical properties and major element chemistry of the soils are however not significantly different. Partial extraction studies on the soil types do not show significant differences among them with respect to fixation of As, Sb and Hg in the various chemical phases of these soils.Analysis of the -80 mesh size fraction of the samples from the C-horizon of soil was effective in obtaining anomalies of As, Sb, Hg and Bi, related to gold mineralisation. A regional background of 40 ppm and a threshold of 150 ppm were defined for As. Soil-analysis in areas with anomalous values of As, showed, values of Sb, Hg and Bi in the ranges of 5-60 ppm, 0.3-15 ppm and 0.4-25 ppm respectively. Concentrations of these elements were below 125, 125, 25 ppb respectively in barren areas.Hydrogeochemical anomalies of As and Sb related to mineralisation were also detected. Background values in ground water are in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 ppb for As and 0.1 to 1.0 ppb for Sb. Threshold values of 5 ppb and 2.5 ppb respectively for As and Sb were identified on the basis of their concentrations over mineralised areas. In addition to these, alkalinity, sulphate and chloride values in ground water were found to be higher over mineralised areas (>2000 ppm, >50 ppm and >20 ppm respectively).Reconnaissance hydrogeochemical surveys followed by detailed pedogeochemical surveys in hydrogeochemically anomalous areas is recommended as an effective strategy for targeting potential gold deposits. A sample spacing of 2-3 km for reconnaisance hydrogeochemical sampling and 1 km for initial soil sampling are sufficient for effective implementation of geochemical surveys in virgin greenstone terrains.To establish the principal factors controlling secondary dispersion of As, the observations on Asconcentration in soil were analysed using a factorial design. The analysis showed that the main effects of the factors (proximity to lineament, drainage condition and depth of water table) and some of their interactions were significant at a 95% confidence level. The fitting of a polynomial model by the method of least squares, using orthogonal contrasts as coefficients with the evenly spaced levels of the three factors showed that errors were small at all locations. This confirmed that factors selected were adequate for explaining dispersion of As and it was inferred that secondary dispersion of As is hydromorphic.Speciation studies showed that groundwater is supersaturated with respect to chlorite, clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite, halloysite, kaolinite), iron bearing minerals (goethite, hematite, magnetite and maghemite) and carbonates (calcite and dolomite). Speciation calculations showed that arsenate species (HAs042-, H2As4-, AsO43-, H3AsO4) are the dominant As-species in water. Saturation index calculations of As phases show that scorodite is the only As-phase in equilibrium with ground water. All the above minerals were also identified from the XRD analysis ofrepresentative soil samples. Partial extraction studies showed that As might also be scavenged by non-As phases such as clay minerals, oxides and hydroxides of Fe-Mn and sulphides. The presence of a large number of clay minerals with high CEC may be a significant factor in fixation of As. Antimony is equally distributed among exchangeable sites, carbonates and sulphide phases. Mercury is preferentially concentrated in finer size-fractions, where it is associated with Fe-Mn hydroxides, sulphide phases and exchangeable sites. Bismuth was detected only in the residual phase, irrespective of size fractions and type of soil, indicating clastic dispersion of Bi in the secondary environment.Logistic regression analysis was used for the purpose of predicting probabilities of gold occurrences using the available data. The binary, deposit occurrence/non-occurrence target variable was regressed on continuous (geochemical concentrations) and categorical (coded levels of the variable “proximity to lineaments”) explanatory variable. Two models were fitted; one with the soil-chemical data (concentration of As, Sb, Hg and Bi in ppm) and the other with hydrogeochemical data (concentration of As and Sb in ppb). Both models gave predicted probabilities >0.9 over mineralised areas and clearly distinguished barren areas from mineralised areas. High values of predicted probabilities (>0.9) over test areas, confirmed the validity of the models. These models may be useful for gold targeting in similar terrains with similar data-sets.
In this work, a multiband microstrip-fed printed monopole antenna is introduced for RFID and GPS applications. This antenna resonates at the frequency ranges of 0.89-0.91 GHz, 1.5-1.7 GHz, 2.35-2.57 ...GHz, and 5.01-6.55 GHz. This paper simulated an antenna on a FR-4 dielectric substrate of size 80 x 40 x 1.6 mm 3 . This simulation is carried out using TaraNG time domain solver where return loss, phase, radiation pattern, VSWR, and antenna gain are analyzed.
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