V okviru genske banke zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin pri Biotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani (BFUNI) poteka ohranjanje genskih virov in situ, ex situ in in vitro. Pri in situ ohranjanju je ...bistveno popisovanje gostote populacij na naravnih rastiščih zdravilnih rastlin, pri čemer lokacije označimo z geografskimi koordinatami in ovrednotimo z deskriptorji za kolekcioniranje, okoljskimi deskriptorji in vrstno specifičnimi deskriptorji. Metodologija vrednotenja naravnih populacij rastlinskih vrst in njihovih habitatov, osnovana na sistemu deskriptorjev, je harmonizirana v okviru držav članic programa ECPGR in SEEDNet. S pomočjo terenskih vzorčenj zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin ter obdelave zbranih podatkov s pomočjo informacijskega sistema MEDPLANT bo mogoče prikazati biodiverziteto med preučevanimi populacijami zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin, kar bo v pomoč končnim uporabnikom in eventuelno žlahtniteljem v prihodnosti. V okviru terenskega dela ocenjujemo pojavnost 10 izbranih rastlinskih vrst: skupina taksonov navadnega rmana (Achillea millefolium L. s. lat.), skupina taksonov pravega ranjaka (Anthyllis vulneraria L. s. lat.), navadna arnika (Arnica montana L.) – zavarovana (kategorija varovanja – C, O) in ranljiva vrsta (kategorija ogroženosti – V), pravi pelin (Artemisia absinthium L.), skupina taksonov rumenega svišča, košutnika (Gentiana lutea L. s. lat.) – zavarovana (kategorija varovanja – C) in ranljiva vrsta (kategorija ogroženosti – V) (Uradni list RS 82/02, 46/04; 49/04; 110/04), šentjanževka (Hypericum perforatum L. s. lat.), navadna dobra misel (Origanum vulgare L. s. lat.), razkrečena rutica (Ruta divaricata Ten.), žajbelj (Salvia officinalis L.) in kraški šetraj (Satureja montana L. s. lat.).
With a phytosociological analysis of more than 200 relevés on more than 25 localities with Gladiolus palustrisand (or) G. illyricusin western and southwestern Slovenia we identified more than 15 ...communities of association rank that belong to at least eight vegetation alliances and five classes. We determined that these two species can grow on the same localities and sites, but Gladiolus palustrisflowers at least 14 days after G. illyricus. Another reliable distinguishing characteristic is the fibrous tunic covering the corm. Gladiolus palustris is threatened in most of the examined localities, except for the Banjšice Plateau and the Slavnik range in Čičarija, but the current nature conservation policy in Slovenia does not provide for its preservation.
Key words: Gladiolus palustris, G. illyricus, phytosociology, syntaxonomy, Natura 2000, nature conservation, Slovenia
Izvleček
S fitocenološko analizo več kot 200 popisov na več kot 25 nahajališčih v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji, na katerih uspevata vrsti Gladiolus palustrisin (ali) G. illyricus, smo prepoznali več kot 15 združb na rangu asociacije, ki pripadajo vsaj osmim vegetacijskim zvezam in petim razredom. Ugotovili smo, da obe podobni vrsti lahko uspevata na skupnih nahajališčih in rastiščih, toda vrsta Gladiolus palustriscveti vsaj 14 dni kasneje kot vrsta Gladiolus illyricus. Zanesljiv znak za njuno razlikovanje so vlakna, ki obdajajo njun gomolj. Na večini preučenih nahajališč je močvirski meček ogrožen in mu zdajšnja naravovarstvena politika v Sloveniji ne zagotavlja ohranitve, izjema sta planoti Banjšice in pogorje Slavnika v Čičariji.
Ključne besede: Gladiolus palustris, G. illyricus, fitocenologija, sintaksonomija, Natura 2000, varstvo narave, Slovenija
On very steep dolomite slopes in the western foothills of the Kamnik Alps (Ravni hrib, Javorov vrh, Zaplata, Kriška gora) and southwestern Karavanke Mountains (Dobrča) we conducted a ...phytosociological study into montane grasslands (former hay meadows, partly pastures) where
a species of European conservation concern, also occasionally occurs. They were compared with similar montane grasslands (former hay meadows) on sunny slopes of the Stol ridge above Breginj in the southwestern foothills of the Julian Alps. Based on this comparison we described three new syntaxa:
and
. Both new associations are classified into the alliance
and treated as a long-term successional stage in the belt of altimontane beech forests from the association
We conducted a phytosociological study into hay meadows on former fields on original sites of beech forests form the alliance Aremonio-Fagion in the lower montane belt of the northwestern and western ...Slovenia (southern Julian Alps, northern part of the Dinaric Alps) and compared them to similar, previously described meadows in Slovenia and northwestern Italy. Based on this comparison they are classified into the new association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis and new habitat type, southeastern-Alpine-northern-Illyrian lower montane hay meadows – 38.239-S1.
Populations at the margins of a species' distribution range are often smaller and more spatially isolated compared to centrally located populations. Therefore, a decline in within-population genetic ...variation and increased differentiation among populations towards range edges is expected. The edge effect can be enhanced by historical range expansions following glaciations in populations located at high latitudes. We investigated the level and distribution of genetic variation between 17 populations (collected from six countries) of the terrestrial orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis, using AFLP markers. Our study revealed no decline in genetic diversity in disjunct populations in Estonia at the northern border of the distribution area of this species, nor in the populations located at the southern edge of the range, on the island of Cyprus. Similarly, edge populations were not more differentiated from each other than the central populations in Slovenia and in Spain. Our results suggest that the degree of genetic variation is determined by the size of populations rather than geographic location of this species and underlines the impact of long-distance gene flow on the maintenance of genetic diversity in connection with major range shifts in the past.
Monitoring of biodiversity at the level of habitats is becoming increasingly common. Here we describe current practices in habitat monitoring based on 150 schemes in Europe. Most schemes were ...initiated after 1990 in response to EU nature directives or habitat management/restoration actions, with funding mostly from European or national sources. Schemes usually monitor both the spatial distribution and the quality of the habitats, and they frequently collect data on environmental parameters and potential causes of changes. Many schemes are local or regional rather than national or international in scope, and sampling effort varies greatly across spatial and temporal scales. Experimental design is used in half of the schemes, however, data are rarely analysed by advanced statistics. Most schemes require two months or less per year in manpower and are typically run by professionals rather than by volunteers. Estimated salaries plus equipment costs average 650,000 Euro per year per scheme, and add up to 80 million Euros annually. Costs are particularly high for schemes based on European or international law and for schemes funded by European or national sources. Costs are also high in schemes in which sampling sites are selected subjectively rather than based on sampling theory, and in schemes that do not use field mapping or remote sensing to document spatial variation in habitats. Our survey demonstrates promising developments in European habitat monitoring but also underlines the need for better spatial coverage, documentation of spatial variaton, improved sampling design and advanced data analysis. Such improvements are essential if we are to judge progress towards the 2010 biodiversity targets.
This paper provides phytosociological tables that describe scrub and forest communities with Alnus viridis in the Slovenian Alps. We described three new associations: Rhododendro hirsuti-Alnetum ...viridis (a green alder community on calcareous bedrock in the Eastern and Southeastern Alps), Huperzio selagi-Alnetum viridis (a green alder community in the silicate rocks under Mt. Komen in the eastern Savinja Alps) and Alno viridis- Sorbetum aucupariae (a successional stage of mountain ash and green alder on potential beech sites in the foothills of the southern Julian Alps; similar stages are known also elsewhere in the Alps), and presented additional three associations (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum, Rhodothamno-Laricetum and Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum mugo) whose stands comprise green alder.
V članku s fitocenološkimi tabelami opisujemo grmiščne in gozdne združbe, v katerih v slovenskih Alpah uspeva vrsta Alnus viridis. Opisali smo tri nove asociacije: Rhododendro hirsuti-Alnetum viridis (združba zelene jelše na karbonatni podlagi v vzhodnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah), Huperzio selagi-Alnetum viridis (združba zelene jelše v silikatnem skalovju pod goro Komen v vzhodnih Savinjskih Alpah) ter Alno viridis-Sorbetum aucupariae (sukcesijski stadij jerebike in zelene jelše na potencialno bukovih rastiščih v prigorju južnih Julijskih Alp, podobne stadije poznajo tudi drugod v Alpah) ter predstavili še tri druge asociacije (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum, Rhodothamno-Laricetum in Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum mugo), v čigar sestojih uspeva zelena jelša.
In the spring and summer of 2010 a number of new localities of the southeastern-Alpine endemic Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii were found on temporarily flooded riparian rocks in the gorge of the ...Sava River between the village of Sava and Zidani Most (central Slovenia). The species has so far been known only in northeastern Italy and western Slovenia (the Soča valley). In order to obtain more specific information its sites were studied phytosociologically and the communities in which it grows in the Sava and the Soča valleys compared. Two new associations were described on the basis of these comparisons: Triseto argentei-Leontodontetum brumatii ass. nov. and Leontodonti brumatii-Seslerietum calcariae ass. nov. As this endemic taxon and its endemic communities are a characteristic of riparian flora and vegetation of some Slovenian mountain rivers and as its localities in the Sava valley are explicitly disjunct and the southeastern-most in the entire known distribution area, they deserve to be studied and protected.
The article provides the list of localities of Letharia vulpina in the eastern Julian Alps (northwestern Slovenia) that were recorded by the authors in 2010. Prior to this year the knowledge on the ...occurence of this lichenized fungus in Slovenia was insignificant (only one known locality, recorded already in the 19th century). With a phytosociological table we present the species composition and structure of natural subalpine larch stands (Rhodothamno-Laricetum deciduae) in which the species Letharia vulpina grows as an epiphyte on old and thick trees. It can also be expected in other Alpine regions in Slovenia where similar natural larch stands are preserved and the air is not over polluted.
Članek podaja seznam nahajališč vrste Letharia vulpina v vzhodnih Julijskih Alpah (severozahodna Slovenija), ki so jih avtorji popisali v letu 2010. Pred tem letom je bila vednost o pojavljanju te lihenizirane glive v Sloveniji zelo majhna (eno samo znano nahajališče, opaženo že v 19. stoletju). S fitocenološko tabelo prikazujemo vrstno sestavo in zgradbo naravnih subalpinskih macesnovih sestojev (Rhodothamno-Laricetum deciduae) v katerih vrsta Letharia vulpina raste kot epifit na starih in debelih drevesih. Pričakujemo jo lahko tudi v drugih alpskih območjih v Sloveniji, kjer so ohranjeni podobni naravni macesnovi sestoji in kjer ozračje ni preveč onesnaženo.
The within-patch microdistribution and movements of adults of the critically endangered butterfly, Coenonympha oedippus, were studied using mark-recapture data from an isolated patch network, which ...consisted of 8 patches in central Slovenia. The impact of patch characteristics on both parameters was analyzed. Males fly longer distances and spend more time flying than females. The distances and seasonal pattern of male movements were dependent on the patch size, and on the microdistribution and density of freshly emerged (receptive) females. The spatial and temporal pattern of female microdistribution was influenced by vegetation height, the homogeneity of host plant stands and the shading of the ground and/or the lowest parts of herb layer. In the case of near continuous distribution of host plants within a patch, the structure of herb vegetation appears to be the major determinant of adult microdistribution. It affects the dynamics of butterfly emergence and the selection of oviposition sites. The per cent cover of the nectar plant, Potentilla erecta, does not play an important role in butterfly microdistribution.
V izoliranem omrežju osmih habitatnih krp v osrednji Sloveniji smo z metodo markiranja, izpusta in ponovnega ulova raziskovali prostorsko razporeditev in gibanja imagov kritično ogrožene vrste Coenonympha oedippus v habitatni krpi in vpliv značilnosti krpe na oba proučevana parametra. Samci preletavajo daljše razdalje in v dnevni aktivnosti več časa porabijo za let kot samice. Preletne razdalje in vzorci preletavanja samcev v sezoni so odvisni od velikosti krpe ter prostorske razporeditve in populacijske gostote sveže izleglih (receptivnih) samic. Na prostorske in časovne vzorce disperzije samic vplivajo višina vegetacije, homogenost sestoja hranilnih rastlin gosenic in osončenost spodnje plasti zeliščne vegetacije. Če je razporeditev larvalnih hranilnih rastlin v krpi enakomerna in kontinuirana, je struktura zeliščne vegetacije najpomembnejši dejavnik, ki določa disperzijo imagov, saj vpliva na dinamiko izleganja iz bub in izbiro mest za ovipozicijo. Pokrovnost vrste Potentilla erecta, ki je hranilna rastlina odraslih osebkov, ne vpliva na razporeditev odraslih osebkov v krpi.
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