The aim of this research is to compare and examine the effectiveness of an emotional, Shock and humour advertising strategies in terms of brand recall, image and attitudes towards the advertisement ...and purchase intentions towards the brand. Secondly, to determine the moderating effects of generation Y on these three types of advertisements. And lastly, to provide marketers with a better understanding of the effectiveness of three types of advertisements and emphasize the importance of alternative methods of breaking through the advertising clutter. To measure the impact of different types's advertisement, six advertisements from each of the three categories, i.e. Shock; Humour and Emotional are shortlisted and linked together. These advertisements (18 in total) are then shown to respondents. Respondents recorded their views in the questionnaire. A total 345 respondents participated in this study. Brand recall is high in both emotional and humorous ads, but the purchase intention is high in an emotional advertisement in eastern culture. Type of product should influence the advertising approach in the promotion of a brand.
Let
X
(
Γ
)
be the space of all finite Borel measure
μ
in
R
2
which is supported on the smooth curve
Γ
and absolutely continuous with respect to the arc length on
Γ
. For
Λ
⊂
R
2
,
the pair
Γ
,
Λ
is ...called a Heisenberg uniqueness pair for
X
(
Γ
)
if any
μ
∈
X
(
Γ
)
satisfies
μ
^
|
Λ
=
0
,
implies
μ
=
0
.
We prove a characterization of the Heisenberg uniqueness pairs corresponding to finitely many parallel lines with an irregular gap. We observe that the size of the determining sets
Λ
for
X
(
Γ
)
depends on the number of lines and their irregular distribution that further relates to a phenomenon of the interlacing of certain trigonometric polynomials.
Abstract Calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for singly charged Ga ions plays a crucial role in plasma modeling, facilitating the comprehension of plasma behavior, ...characteristics, and dynamics in diverse domains, such as astrophysics, fusion research, the semiconductor industry, etc. In the available literature, there is a notable scarcity of, or even a complete absence of, these cross sections. Hence, in the present work, electron impact excitation cross sections are calculated for the transitions from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4 s 2 and 4 s 4 p to the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4 s 4 p , 4 s 5 s , 4 p 2 and 4 s 4 d of the singly charged Ga ion (Ga + ) using the relativistic distorted wave approximation theory with the target states represented by multi configurational Dirac Fock wavefunctions. The cross sections are calculated for projectile electron energy varying from threshold to 500 eV. Furthermore, the electron impact excitation rate coefficients for all the transitions under investigation are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 5 eV. In addition, analytic fitting of the rate coefficients is also performed, providing a practical resource for directly utilizing in plasma modeling applications.
The Copper samples were prepared by powder metallurgy route and conventional sintering. The objective of the present work is to study the effect of compaction pressure on the bulk hardness, ...densification behaviour and microstructure of the Copper. The Copper powder is compacted with compaction pressure 500, 600, 700 and 730 MPa. The sintering of all green compact is performed at 750°C for 1.5 hour in conventional muffle furnace. Compaction pressure highly influences the pore size as well as number of pores. With increase in compaction pressure the surface contact area of the powder particles increase which reduce the porosity. The maximum valve of the density and hardness is obtained for 700 MPa and 3 min dwell time. Different characterization techniques such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the sintered copper.
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•Nanogels synthesized with LCST at 40°C are both temperature and pH responsive.•Characterizations of magnetic nanogels.•Triggered doxorubicin release from nanogels at 43°C (above ...LCST) and pH 4.5.•Effective uptake of nanogels by breast cancer cells.•Cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin-nanogels in magnetic field are synergistic.
With the onset of hyperthermia and their advantage in increasing vascular perfusion and permeability in the cancer milieu, thermo-responsive polymers have become an attractive candidate for designing therapeutic nano-vehicles for targeted on-demand delivery of bioactive agents. For this purpose, we developed a dual (thermo- and pH-) responsive nanotherapeutic composite system rendering a combinational therapy of hyperthermia mediated drug delivery. This composite system comprises of magnetic chitosan-g-PNVCL (MCP) polymeric nanogels loaded with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX). The size distribution and the stability of the MCP nanogels have been characterized using DLS and Zeta-potential studies. XRD and TG-DTA confirms the presence of magnetic nanoparticles loaded onto MCP nanogel. ICP-AES analysis was done to determine the amount of iron content in the MCP nanogels. The magnetic property of the MCP nanogels was estimated to be ∼37 emu/g using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The heating ability of MCP nanogels was calculated to be ∼204W/g for the concentration of 2mg/mL using time-dependent Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) method. Magnetic field induced thermo-responsive and pH responsive drug release studies were carried out and it was found that MCP nanogels have a good on-demand drug release properties. The DOX-MCP nanogels were evaluated for its in vitro killing efficacy of breast cancer cells MCF 7 and MDAMB 231 cells with synergistic effects of both hyperthermia and chemotherapy in presence of magnetic field at the concentration of 2mg/mL. Thus, MCP nanogels can be a potential dual modal on-demand hyperthermia mediated drug delivery platform for the breast cancer treatment.
An efficient natural product inspired diversity oriented syn thesis of tetrahydroquinoline analogues has been developed using the natural carbohydrate derived solid acid catalyst via multicomponent ...aza-Diels−Alder reaction of imine (generated in situ from aromatic amine and aldehyde) with dienophile in acetonitrile in a diastereoselective manner. The use of water as solvent reverses the diastereoselectivity toward the cis isomer. Interestingly, tricyclic pyrano/furano benzopyran with cis diastereoselectivity is obtained when salicylaldehyde is used as an alternative of aromatic aldehyde under the same condition. These synthesized quinolines and benzopyrans analogues have been evaluated for their Antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Ra, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and some of the analogues shows better activity profile than their natural product analogues. The protocol is not only mild, efficient, ecofriendly, but also involves reusable and biodegradable catalyst and provides route for both the diastereoisomer.
Wastewater treatment technologies (WWTTs) are employed across the world, and the selection is mainly based on ‘past experiences’ aimed at ‘pollution prevention’ in the receiving water bodies. This ...paper aims to develop a methodology for the selection of an appropriate wastewater treatment chain that produces effluent suitable for the defined reuse. Adopting the least weighted cost approach, four decision criteria: Capital cost, Operation and Maintenance cost, Land requirement, and Energy requirement, have been used and the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) has been employed for obtaining weights. Quality expectations for 14 reuses have been enlisted, and 25 WWTTs have been evaluated in a total of 360 combinations. In Kanpur city, for water reuse in industrial cooling under restricted land and challenging influent quality conditions, a combination of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) with Wuhrmann process (WP) is obtained as the most preferred suggestion. For non-potable domestic reuse, Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic (A2O) with Ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the most preferred combination. In Varanasi city, for vehicular washing operations and for flow augmentation (inland surface water), under energy-constraint scenario, high-rate activated sludge-based biological filtration and oxygenated reactor (BIOFOR-F) is suggested. For technology supplementation to existing ASP-based STPs in the city to obtain effluent for inland surface water augmentation, WP in combination with microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) is suggested. Thus, the developed model may be used as a decision-making tool for planning a reuse-focused water reclamation program or for upgradation of existing STPs as per resource availability and target reuse objectives.
ABSTRACT
This study provides the comprehensive analysis of changes in mean and extreme temperature indices of India to assist the climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and to add ...information for the global comparisons, using a high‐resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1° × 1°) during 1971–2005. In addition to the indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization/CLIVAR Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, few more indices having social and agricultural implication are investigated at the seasonal and annual scales, utilizing widely adopted statistical methodologies in climate research. The results show, in general, a robust signal of warming, broadly consistent with what has been observed and predicted in other parts of the world in the context of global warming. The frequency and intensity of warm extremes, especially representing the daily minimum temperature, have increased with simultaneous decreases in cold extremes in large parts of the country, but the spatial distribution of the trend magnitude reflects the complex natural climatic settings of India and its possible interaction with the anthropogenic forcing. Seasonal analysis reveals a faster warming in day and night temperatures in winter affecting the major wheat crop. In summer, however, both human and ecosystems appear to be more vulnerable to the increasing tendency of the heatwave occurrences, particularly during night‐time, since the 1990s. The relationship with the large‐scale natural climatic modes indicates that the warming indices tend to increase in the year following the El Niño events as evident from the correlation with the NINO3.4 index, with a relatively higher association in the monsoon season. Moreover, the concurrent correspondence of the summer heatwaves with the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature suggests a degree of predictability of the heat stress episode.
Water is a key driver of agricultural production, the scarcity of which the production is adversely affected; hence, it is critical for the agriculture system and global food security. Water use ...efficiency (WUE) can be an effective measure to reduce water demand against crop yield as it depends upon water consumption. Thus, the purpose of this research was aimed to estimate the effect of variation in sowing time (timely and late) and nitrogen (N) level on the evapotranspiration (ET) and WUE for maize crop under irrigated (2013 and 2014) and rainfed (2012 and 2014) conditions. Two evapotranspiration (ET) approaches, i.e., Penman–Monteith (PM) and soil water balance (SWB), were used to estimate the evapotranspiration; thereafter, evapotranspiration was partitioned into soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T). The results clearly indicated that cumulative evapotranspiration was higher for both rainfed (5.44–10.25%; N
60
–N
100
) and irrigated maize (5.87–13.77%; N
75
–N
125
) in comparison with N
0
nitrogen level. The delayed sowing dates gave on average a lower value (9.56%) and a higher value (15.68%) of ET for the rainfed and irrigated seasons, respectively, in comparison with timely sowing dates. Additionally, the WUE for maize grain yield was higher for both rainfed (251.12–346.06%; N
60
–N
100
) and irrigated maize (113.75–162.62%; N
75
–N
125
) in comparison with N
0
nitrogen level. The study further disclosed that a sowing date combination with nitrogen levels could be an effective management strategy to increase the crop yield by minimizing the water losses.
Abstract
We report on the fine structure resolved electron impact excitation (EIE) cross-sections of Si
+2
from its ground state 3
s
2
(
J
= 0) to the 41 excited fine structure levels of the ...configurations 3
s
3
p
, 3
p
2
, 3
s
3
d
, 3
s
4
s
, 3
s
4
p
, 3
s
5
s
, 3
s
4
d
, 3
s
4
f
, 3
s
5
p
, 3
s
5
d
and 3
s
5
f
using relativistic distorted wave theory. The excitation cross-sections from the excited metastable levels (
3
P
0
,
3
P
2
) of the configuration 3
s
3
p
to higher excited levels as well as for some other dominant transitions relevant to plasma modeling are also obtained. In addition, the ionization cross-sections are evaluated from the ground and metastable levels to higher ionized state Si
+3
(
2
S
1/2
). The calculated cross-sections are utilized to obtain the rate coefficients corresponding to EIE and ionization processes affecting the intensity of prominent Si
+2
emission lines 379.61, 380.65, 456.78, and 457.48 nm recorded through optical emission spectroscopic measurements by Wang
et al
(2020
Phys. Plasmas
27
063513) on laser produced silicon plasma. Further, the rate coefficients corresponding to radiative, and three body recombination are also presented. The reported cross-sections and rate coefficients will be useful for developing rigorous collisional radiative model for the diagnostics of silicon plasma.
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