Child Sexual Abuse is an alarming reality and is being increasingly reportedin India as well as globally. Pediatricians and allied medical professionals are often the first point of contact with ...abused children and their families. They have a key role in detecting Child Sexual Abuse, providing immediate and long-term care and support to the victims and their families. India has adopted the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) in 2012. It is a comprehensive law on sexual abuse, which expands the scope and range of forms of sexual offences, makes reporting of abuse mandatory and defines guidelines for the examination of victims. Pediatricians and health care professionals need to acquire necessary expertise for clinical evaluation of child sexual abuse, and its prevention, management and reporting.
Soil carbon sequestration is a vital ecosystem function that mitigates climate change by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2
). Root characteristics such as depth, diameter, length, and ...branching pattern affect soil carbon dynamics through root-soil interactions and organic matter breakdown. Here we review field surveys, laboratory analysis, and mathematical modeling to understand how root structures affect soil carbon storage. Further, certain root features increase soil carbon sequestration, suggesting that selective breeding and genetic engineering of plants could maximize this ecological benefit. However, more research is needed to understand the complex interactions between roots, soil biota, and soil organic matter under changing environmental conditions. In addition, the benefit of climate change mitigation methods and soil carbon models from the inclusion of root architecture was reviewed. Studies in the realm of root-soil interactions encompass a variety of academic fields, including agronomy, ecology, soil science, and plant physiology. Insights into how roots interact with their soil environment and the effects of these interactions on plant health, agricultural productivity, and environmental sustainability have been gained through this research.
Coal-fired electricity-generating plants may use SO
2
scrubbers to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO
2
Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in ...reduction of Hg and other emissions from combustion sources. It is timely, therefore, to examine the current status of SO
2
scrubbing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies for coal-fired boilers.
Data on worldwide FGD applications reveal that wet FGD technologies, and specifically wet limestone FGD, have been predominantly selected over other FGD technologies. However, lime spray drying (LSD) is being used at the majority of the plants employing dry FGD technologies. Additional review of the U.S. FGD technology applications that began operation in 1991 through 1995 reveals that FGD processes of choice recently in the United States have been wet limestone FGD, magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL), and LSD. Further, of the wet limestone processes, limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) has been used most often in recent applications.
The SO
2
removal performance of scrubbers has been reviewed. Data reflect that most wet limestone and LSD installations appear to be capable of ~90% SO
2
removal. Advanced, state-of-the-art wet scrubbers can provide SO
2
removal in excess of 95%.
Costs associated with state-of-the-art applications of LSFO, MEL, and LSD technologies have been analyzed with appropriate cost models. Analyses indicate that the capital cost of an LSD system is lower than those of same capacity LSFO and MEL systems, reflective of the relatively less complex hardware used in LSD. Analyses also reflect that, based on total annualized cost and SO
2
removal requirements: (1) plants up to ~250 MW
e
in size and firing low- to medium-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or lower) may use LSD; and (2) plants larger than 250 MW
e
and firing medium- to high-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or higher) may use either LSFO or MEL.
Heightened immune response and cytokine storm are a hallmark of ARDS, manifested due to uncontrollable neutrophil and macrophage activation, thereby provoking inflammatory conditions in the lungs and ...systemic circulation. Various studies highlighted the potential of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in maintaining lung homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. In the present study, we thus evaluated the role of ILC subsets in the pathogenesis of ARDS.
For investigating the role of ILCs (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) in the pathogenesis of ARDS, we firstly developed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ARDS mice model. Hematoxylin and eosin (H& E) staining was carried out to assess the immune cell infiltration in the lungs. Evans blue staining was performed for interrogating the vascular integrity of the lungs. To determine the status of the ILCs subtypes in the lung tissues and BALF, flow cytometry was carried out. Lastly, ELISA was performed for detecting the serum cytokines.
Interestingly, histological patterns depict the accumulation of neutrophils and fibrin, foamy macrophages, and intra-alveolar hemorrhage in the ARDS group in comparison to the control group. Further, Evans blue staining revealed the loss of vascular integrity in the lungs. Moreover, our flow cytometry data demonstrated a significant reduction in the percentage of CD3-Tbet+ ILC1 population along with a simultaneous induction in the percentage of CD3-GATA3+ ILC2 and CD3-Roryt+ ILC3 population in the ARDS model as compared to the control group. In consistent to this, serum cytokine data further indicated an increase in inflammatory cytokines and ILCs signature cytokines such as IL- 17, TNF-α, IL-6, etc.
Altogether, our study for the first time strongly suggests the inflammatory role of ILC2 and ILC3 in the immunopathogenesis of LPS-induced acute-lung-injury. In addition, the present study demonstrated the vital role of ILCs in regulating vascular integrity along with controlling lung tissue homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder probably affected by both genetic and environmental causes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are bone-derived factors that can ...induce new bone formation. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of
BMP5
gene alters the transcriptional activity of the
BMP5
promoter that has been involved in OA susceptibility. This case–control study investigated the association of rs1470527 and rs9382564 SNP of
BMP5
gene with susceptibility to knee OA (KOA).
Materials and Methods:
A total of 499 cases with radiographic KOA and 458 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Venous blood samples were obtained from all the cases as well as controls for polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results:
The genotype distribution for rs1470527 and rs9382564 SNP was significantly different in cases and controls (
P
< 0.0001). Within both the SNPs of
BMP5
gene, genotype CT and TT were significantly (
P
< 0.0001) associated with KOA as compared to the CC genotype. T allele of both the studied SNP was significantly associated with KOA (
P
< 0.0001). The allele frequencies of rs1470527 were 0.56(T) and 0.44(C) in cases and 0.33(T) and 0.67(C) in controls and in rs9382564 were 0.57(C) and 0.43(T) in cases and 0.71(C) and 0.29(T) in controls. Further in relation with clinical severity of OA, we observed signification association of TT genotype with both visual analog scale (
P
< 0.0001) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities score (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
Our results indicate significant association of rs1470527 and rs9382564 polymorphism of
BMP5
gene with KOA.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We describe here the chemical synthesis and in vitro drug delivery response of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetite (Fe
3O
4) nanoparticles, which were activated with a stable ligand, ...folic acid, and conjugated with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The functionalization and conjugation steps in the chemical synthesis were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The drug-release behavior of PEG-functionalized and folic acid–doxorubicin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles was characterized by two stages involving an initial rapid release, followed by a controlled release.
Present work is a study of temperature dependent electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of Ce and Gd doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles. The samples, synthesised by chemical route were characterised ...by X-ray diffractometer, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The average crystallite size of pure nickel ferrite is ∼64nm and for Gd and Ce doped samples it is ∼20nm and ∼14nm, respectively. The EPR spectra were recorded from 120 to 300K. Doping with Gd and Ce reduces the line width and g-value in comparison to that of pure nickel ferrite. Ce doped samples have the lowest values of both these parameters at room temperature. This indicates that Ce doped samples show lowest loss and is suitable for high frequency devices. EPR spin numbers are reduced while the spin relaxation time is increased after doping with rare earth ions. Gd doped samples have higher values of relaxation time and lower spin numbers in comparison to that of Ce doped samples. VSM results show that the magnetisation and coercivity are reduced after doping with both Ce and Gd rare earth ions.
► Present work is a study of temperature dependant magnetic resonance spectra of Ce and Gd doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles. ► There are not many reports on EPR spectra of rare earth doped ferrite systems. ► Magnetic measurement by VSM shows that magnetisation and coercivity are reduced after doping with Ce and Gd ions. ► EPR line width is reduced with Ce and Gd doping so rare earth doped nickel ferrite shows low energy loss at high frequency.
A collisional-radiative (CR) model for low-temperature Ne plasma is developed. Various radiative and collisional processes involving the ground 2p6 and the excited 2p53s, 2p53p, 2p53d, 2p54s and ...2p54p states are considered in the plasma. First, we calculate a complete set of required electron-impact excitation cross-sections of Ne, which is an important process in such low-temperature plasma. We used the relativistic distorted wave (RDW) theory and calculated electron excitation cross-sections for the transitions from the ground 2p6 state to the excited 2p53s, 2p53p, 2p53d, 2p54s and 2p54p states, as well as from the excited state 2p53s to the 2p53p and 2p54p excited states of the Ne atom in a wide range of incident electron energies from the threshold to 500 eV. The ground and different excited states of the Ne are represented through the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock wave functions, which are obtained using the GRASP2K code. To ascertain the reliability of the obtained wave functions, we calculated the oscillator strengths for different dipole allowed transitions, and compared them with the available experimental and theoretical results. Further, the calculated detailed RDW cross-sections are presented and compared with the available experimental and other theoretically calculated values. The cross-sections for 2p53s to 2p54p and 2p53s (J = 1 only) to 2p53p are reported for the first time. The complete set of calculated electron excitation cross-sections of different transitions of Ne along with other processes are used to develop the CR model. The model has been applied to the diagnostics of low-temperature Ne plasma by coupling it to the optical emission and absorption measurements of Boffard et al (2012 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45 382001, and 2009 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 18 035017). The extracted values of electron density, electron temperature and the calculated 1si level populations have been compared with the corresponding measurements available in the pressure range of 5-25 mTorr and are found to be in excellent agreement.
Perinatal stroke is a well-defined heterogenous group of disorders involving a focal disruption of cerebral blood flow between 20 weeks gestation and 28 days of postnatal life. The most focused ...lifetime risk for stroke occurs during the first week after birth. The morbidity of perinatal stroke is high, as it is the most common cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy which results in lifelong disability that becomes more apparent throughout childhood. Perinatal strokes can be classified by the timing of diagnosis (acute or retrospective), vessel involved (arterial or venous), and underlying cause (hemorrhagic or ischemic). Perinatal stroke has primarily been reported as a disorder of term infants; however, the preterm brain possesses different vulnerabilities that predispose an infant to stroke injury both in utero and after birth. Accurate diagnosis of perinatal stroke syndromes has important implications for investigations, management, and prognosis. The classification of perinatal stroke by age at presentation (fetal, preterm neonatal, term neonatal, and infancy/childhood) is summarized in this review, and includes detailed descriptions of risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, controversies, and resources for family support.
PDF
