Dynamics of the photogenerated charge-separated (CS) state is studied for a newly synthesized molecular triad, in which the donor (D) dimethoxytriphenylamine, 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolate ...platinum (BPIPt), and the acceptor (A) naphthaldiimide are linked with a triethynylbenzene unit (BPIPt–DA). Photoexcitation of BPIPt gives rise to generation of a long-lived (∼4 μs) CS state BPIPt–D+A–, of which the lifetime is considerably increased by an applied magnetic field of 270 mT. The positive magnetic field effect (MFE) is in contrast to the negative MFE for the reference DA molecule, which indicates successful switching of the initial spin state of the CS state from singlet to triplet. Simulations of the MFE and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance show that spin-selective charge recombination and spin relaxation are unaffected by attachment of BPIPt. The minimum impact of heavy atom substitution on the electronic and magnetic properties has been realized by the small electronic coupling mediated by the rigid meta-triethynylbenzene.
A 35-year-old man was admitted with a left temporal contusion, head and neck wounds, and hemorrhagic shock. The left external jugular vein and left superficial temporal artery were ligated promptly. ...Craniotomy was then performed to evacuate the acute epidural hematoma (AEDH) after the resolution of hemorrhagic shock. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was suspected on preoperative computed tomography. Selective cerebral angiography on day 2 revealed two AVFs : (1) from the left middle meningeal artery to the superficial middle cerebral and superior ophthalmic veins (middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula, MMAF), and (2) from a branch of the internal carotid artery to the cavernous sinus (carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, CCSF). On day 4, MMAF was treated with coil embolization, and CCSF was treated conservatively because of low risk of bleeding. Appropriate treatment of the head and neck wounds and AEDH, and the prompt diagnosis and treatment of the AVFs resulted in good patient outcomes.
Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological studies are used to guide public health decision making and to prepare for emerging infectious diseases. Disease occurrence estimates are limited in ...the Philippines, the country with the highest reported number of coronavirus disease-related deaths in the Western Pacific region. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection rate among outpatient clinic attendees in Metro Manila prior to the implementation of the national coronavirus disease vaccination program.
Methods
We conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys at the animal bite clinic in San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, the Philippines across four periods, 3 months apart, between May 2020 and March 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between different characteristics and infection status including seropositivity.
Results
In total 615 participants were enrolled, ranging from 115 to 174 per period. Seroprevalence quadrupled between the first (11.3%) and second (46.8%) periods and plateaued thereafter (third—46.0%, fourth—44.6%). Among seropositive participants, total antibody concentration was comparable throughout the first to third periods but declined between the third and fourth periods. Infection prevalence was comparable across enrollment periods (range 2.9–9.5%). Post-secondary education aOR 0.42 (95% CI 0.26, 0.67) was protective, and frontline work aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.18, 2.80) was associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Frontline work status aOR 2.27 (95% CI 1.10, 4.75) and large household size aOR 2.45 (95% CI 1.18, 5.49) were associated with increased odds of infection.
Conclusions
The quadrupling of seroprevalence over 3 months between the first and second enrollment periods coincided with the high burden of infection in Metro Manila in early 2020. Our findings suggest a limit to the rise and potential decline of population-level SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity without introduction of vaccines. These results may add to our understanding of how immunity develops against emerging infectious diseases including coronaviruses.
A light-harvesting array containing rigid backbones, peripherally positioned Zn-porphyrin terminals, and a free-base (Fb) porphyrin core was prepared by a convergent method where the Sonogashira ...coupling reaction was used in the key steps. Effective intramolecular singlet-energy transfer from the peripheral Zn-porphyrin units to the Fb porphyrin core was observed. The efficiency of the energy transfer was compared with those of reference compounds.
COVID-19 has challenged the under-resourced health systems of low- and middle-income countries, significantly affecting child health. Available published data on Filipino children with COVID-19 ...infection are limited. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in an infectious disease hospital in Manila, Philippines.
This cross-sectional study reviewed data on patients ages 0 to 18 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection, admitted to San Lazaro Hospital from January 25, 2020 to January 25, 2022. Demographic data and clinical characteristics obtained from COVID-19 case investigation forms were summarized and compared between severe and non-severe cases. Risk factors for disease severity and mortality were analyzed. Of 115 patients, 64% were males. There were 87 patients (75.7%) with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease, and 28 cases (24.3%) with severe or critical illness. The median age of all patients was 10 years (interquartile range: 4-15 years). The majority of patients (40.9%) were adolescents ages 13 to 18 years. Predominant symptoms were fever (73.9%) and cough (55.7%). Patients with severe or critical illness were more likely to experience difficulty of breathing (55.2% vs 44.8%, p < 0.001), and have a longer hospital stay (11 days vs 8 days, p = 0.043). Among all patients, 48.7% had at least one underlying disease; and common infectious co-morbidities were tuberculosis (17.4%), dengue (12.2%), and HIV (4.3%). Having tuberculosis (p = 0.008) or at least one co-morbidity (p < 0.001) was associated with disease severity. Ten patients (8.7%) died; and mortality was higher among those with severe or critical illness (80% vs 20%, p < 0.001). Sepsis (p = 0.020) or having at least one co-morbidity (p = 0.007) was associated with death.
Children of all ages remain susceptible to COVID-19 infection, and usually present with mild or moderate symptoms. In this study, many adolescents are affected, highlighting the value of COVID-19 vaccination in this age group. Understanding the clinical features of COVID-19 in Filipino children is essential to identifying and optimally managing those at highest risk of severe disease.
The preventability of strokes treated by mechanical thrombectomy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze stroke preventability for patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for large ...vessel occlusion.
We conducted retrospective analyses of 300 patients (mean ± SE age 69 ± 0.9 years, range 18-97 years; 53% male) treated with mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion from January 2008 to March 2019. We collected data including demographics, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at onset, and (beginning in 2015) classified 90-day outcome by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients were evaluated using a Stroke Preventability Score (SPS, 0 to 10 points) based on how well patients had been treated given their hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and prior stroke history. We examined the relationship of SPS with NIHSS at stroke onset and with mRS outcome at 90 days.
SPS was calculated for 272 of the 300 patients, with mean ± SE of 2.1 ± 0.1 (range 0-8); 89 (33%) had no preventability (score 0), 120 (44%) had low preventability (score 1-3), and 63 (23%) had high preventability (score 4 or higher). SPS was significantly correlated with age (
= 0.32,
< 0.0001), while NIHSS (
= 267) was significantly higher (
= 0.03) for patients with high stroke preventability vs. low/no preventability 18.8 ± 0.92 (
= 62) vs. 16.5 ± 0.51 (
= 205). Among 118 patients with mRS, outcome was significantly worse (
= 0.04) in patients with high stroke preventability vs. low/no preventability 4.7 ± 0.29 (
= 28) vs. 3.8 ± 0.21 (
= 90). The vast majority of patients with high stroke preventability had inadequately treated atrial fibrillation (85%, 53/62).
Nearly one quarter of stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy had highly preventable strokes. While stroke preventability showed some relationship to stroke severity at onset and outcome after treatment, preventability had the strongest association with age. These findings emphasize the need for improved stroke prevention in the elderly.
Zn–porphyrin with bipyridyl units at the ends of a conjugated chain, in addition to two alkyl side chains, was prepared as an artificial allosteric system. The axial ligand-binding ability of the ...compound was considerably reduced by the formation of a Fe(bpy)3-type complex. The degree of the allosteric suppression strongly depended on both alkyl chain length and the steric demand of the pyridyl ligand.
Thermally switchable redox properties have been reported to be due to a change in the spin state of newly designed overcrowded ethylenes, which can adopt closed‐shell folded and open‐shell twisted ...forms. In this study, tetrathienylanthraquinodimethane derivatives were designed to be in thermal equilibrium between a more stable folded form and less stable but more donating twisted diradical in solution, so that the oxidation potential can be controlled by heating/cooling. This is the first example of a switching of redox properties based on a thermally equilibrated twisted diradical, which can be more readily oxidized to the twisted dication.
Erwärmend: Das Oxidationspotential von Anthrachinodimethan‐Derivaten lässt sich durch Erwärmen/Abkühlen in Lösung aufgrund einer Änderung des Spinzustands reversibel schalten. In diesem seltenen Beispiel schaltbarer Redoxeigenschaften, das auf einem thermisch im Gleichgewicht befindlichen verdrehten Diradikal basiert, kann das verdrehte Diradikal leichter oxidiert werden als die gefaltete Form (siehe Schema).
Introduction Vertebrobasilar aneurysms carry a high risk of operative morbidity and high mortality risk with rupture. Treatment with flow diversion embolization has gained popularity. While ...adjunctive coiling may lower the risk of delayed aneurysm rupture (DAR), DAR can occur during stent endothelialization. describe a case of DAR following flow diversion with adjunctive coil embolization of a giant vertebrobasilar aneurysm and review the literature to further characterize this phenomenon. Methods PubMed was queried using search terms: “delayed,” “aneurysm,” “rupture,” “flow diverter,” “flow diversion,” and “flow diverting stent” yielding 220 results. There were 47 studies describing 89 patients with DAR after flow diversion. Results A forty‐five‐year‐old male presented with posterior fossa compression symptoms secondary to a 30‐mm fusiform basilar artery aneurysm, which grew during short‐interval follow‐up to 35 mm. The patient consented to endovascular embolization. Tri‐axial catheter access system was used to deploy seven telescoping flow diverters from the basilar tip to the intradural left vertebral artery, and nine coils were subsequently deployed in the aneurysm dome. The right vertebral artery was coil embolized. The procedure was uncomplicated and the patient was continued on dual‐antiplatelet therapy. Four weeks later, the patient became unresponsive with absent brainstem reflexes, workup revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated contrast extravasation at the aneurysm neck. He succumbed to his neurological injury two days later. Out of 89 patients with DAR after flow diversion, only 3 occurred in fusiform basilar aneurysms treated with adjunctive coil embolization. Only one case, a 37.1‐mm aneurysm treated with 3 flow diverters with adjunctive embolization, occurred at greater than 30 days post‐intervention. Conclusions This case highlights the need to better characterize the role of adjunctive coiling with flow diversion for large or giant aneurysms, and to better understand risk factors related to delayed aneurysm rupture.
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