Final size planar edgeless silicon detectors for the TOTEM experiment Noschis, E.; Alagoz, E.; Anelli, G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2006, Letnik:
563, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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The TOTEM experiment will detect leading protons scattered in angles of microradians from the interaction point at the large hadron collider. This will be achieved using detectors with a minimized ...dead area at the edge. The collaboration has developed an innovative structure at the detector edge reducing the conventional dead width to less than 100
μm, still using standard planar fabrication technology. In this new development, the current of the surface is decoupled from the sensitive volume current within a few tens of micrometers. The basic working principle is explained in this paper. Final size detectors have been produced using this approach. The current–voltage and current–temperature characteristics of the detectors were studied and the detectors were successfully tested in a coasting beam experiment.
An advanced method for the quality assessment of microelectronic assemblies has been developed by combining IR thermography and several techniques for stimulation by transient temperature fields. The ...method exploits singularities in materials and interconnections by the observation of perturbations in transient heat flow phenomena. For very light microelectronic systems like chip-on-flex assemblies a method was developed taking advantage of short stimulations by photoflash. Such a method provided possibilities for detecting defects on the level of a single interconnection with a pitch of 80
μm. In addition, a programmable array of thermo-electric converters, prepared for the testing of a large variety of microelectronic assemblies, was also used to perform transient IR imaging for chip-on-flex assemblies.
Abstract The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV in the squared ...four-momentum transfer range $$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$ 0.2 GeV 2 < | t | < 1.9 GeV 2 . This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV yields the positions, $$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | dip = ( 0.521 ± 0.007 ) GeV 2 and $$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | bump = ( 0.695 ± 0.026 ) GeV 2 , as well as the cross-section values, $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t dip = ( 15.1 ± 2.5 ) μ b / GeV 2 and $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t bump = ( 29.7 ± 1.8 ) μ b / GeV 2 , for the dip and the bump, respectively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The proton–proton elastic differential cross section
$${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$
d
σ
/
d
t
has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at
$$\sqrt{s}=2.76\hbox { TeV}$$
s
=
2.76
TeV
...energy with
$$\beta ^{*}=11\hbox { m}$$
β
∗
=
11
m
beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|
t
|) from 0.36 to
$$0.74\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
0.74
GeV
2
. The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |
t
|-range between 0.36 and
$$0.54\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
0.54
GeV
2
, followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at
$$|t_{\mathrm{dip}}|=(0.61\pm 0.03)\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
|
t
dip
|
=
(
0.61
±
0.03
)
GeV
2
and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the
$${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$
d
σ
/
d
t
at the bump and at the dip is
$$1.7\pm 0.2$$
1.7
±
0.2
. When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at
$$\sqrt{s} = 1.96\hbox { TeV}$$
s
=
1.96
TeV
, a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for the exchange of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state in the
t
-channel of the proton–proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract The proton–proton elastic differential cross section $${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$ dσ/dt has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at $$\sqrt{s}=2.76\hbox { TeV}$$ s=2.76TeV energy ...with $$\beta ^{*}=11\hbox { m}$$ β∗=11m beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|t|) from 0.36 to $$0.74\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ 0.74GeV2 . The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |t|-range between 0.36 and $$0.54\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ 0.54GeV2 , followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at $$|t_{\mathrm{dip}}|=(0.61\pm 0.03)\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ |tdip|=(0.61±0.03)GeV2 and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the $${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$ dσ/dt at the bump and at the dip is $$1.7\pm 0.2$$ 1.7±0.2 . When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at $$\sqrt{s} = 1.96\hbox { TeV}$$ s=1.96TeV , a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for the exchange of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state in the t-channel of the proton–proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The first double diffractive cross-section measurement in the very forward region has been carried out by the TOTEM experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of sqrts=7 TeV. By utilizing ...the very forward TOTEM tracking detectors T1 and T2, which extend up to |η|=6.5, a clean sample of double diffractive pp events was extracted. From these events, we determined the cross section σDD=(116±25) μb for events where both diffractive systems have 4.7<|η|min<6.5.
The TOTEM collaboration has measured the elastic proton-proton differential cross section Formula omitted at Formula omitted TeV LHC energy using dedicated Formula omitted m beam optics. The Roman ...Pot detectors were inserted to 10 Formula omitted distance from the LHC beam, which allowed the measurement of the range 0.04 GeV Formula omitted; 4 GeV Formula omitted Formula omitted in four-momentum transfer squared |t|. The efficient data acquisition allowed to collect about 10 Formula omitted elastic events to precisely measure the differential cross-section including the diffractive minimum (dip), the subsequent maximum (bump) and the large-|t| tail. The average nuclear slope has been found to be Formula omittedGeV Formula omitted in the |t|-range 0.04-0.2 GeV Formula omitted. The dip position is Formula omittedGeV Formula omitted. The differential cross section ratio at the bump vs. at the dip Formula omitted has been measured with high precision. The series of TOTEM elastic pp measurements show that the dip is a permanent feature of the pp differential cross-section at the TeV scale.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract The TOTEM collaboration has measured the elastic proton-proton differential cross section $$\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t$$ dσ/dt at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s=13 TeV LHC energy using dedicated ...$$\beta ^{*}=90$$ β∗=90 m beam optics. The Roman Pot detectors were inserted to 10$$\sigma $$ σ distance from the LHC beam, which allowed the measurement of the range 0.04 GeV$$^{2}$$ 2 ; 4 GeV$$^{2}$$ 2 $$$$ in four-momentum transfer squared |t|. The efficient data acquisition allowed to collect about 10$$^{9}$$ 9 elastic events to precisely measure the differential cross-section including the diffractive minimum (dip), the subsequent maximum (bump) and the large-|t| tail. The average nuclear slope has been found to be $$B=(20.40 \pm 0.002^{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 0.01^{\mathrm{syst}})~$$ B=(20.40±0.002stat±0.01syst) GeV$$^{-2}$$ -2 in the |t|-range 0.04–0.2 GeV$$^{2}$$ 2 . The dip position is $$|t_{\mathrm{dip}}|=(0.47 \pm 0.004^{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 0.01^{\mathrm{syst}})~$$ |tdip|=(0.47±0.004stat±0.01syst) GeV$$^{2}$$ 2 . The differential cross section ratio at the bump vs. at the dip $$R=1.77\pm 0.01^{\mathrm{stat}}$$ R=1.77±0.01stat has been measured with high precision. The series of TOTEM elastic pp measurements show that the dip is a permanent feature of the pp differential cross-section at the TeV scale.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The proton–proton elastic differential cross section
d
σ
/
d
t
has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at
s
=
2.76
TeV
energy with
β
∗
=
11
m
beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times ...the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|
t
|) from 0.36 to
0.74
GeV
2
. The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |
t
|-range between 0.36 and
0.54
GeV
2
, followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at
|
t
dip
|
=
(
0.61
±
0.03
)
GeV
2
and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the
d
σ
/
d
t
at the bump and at the dip is
1.7
±
0.2
. When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at
s
=
1.96
TeV
, a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for the exchange of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state in the
t
-channel of the proton–proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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