Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 52 is commonly found in Asian cases of cervical cancer but is rare elsewhere. Analysis of 611 isolates collected worldwide revealed a remarkable geographical ...distribution, with lineage B predominating in Asia (89.0% vs 0%-5.5%; Pcorrected< .001), whereas lineage A predominated in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. We propose that the name "Asian lineage" be used to denote lineage B, to signify this feature. Preliminary analysis suggested a higher disease risk for lineage B, although ethnogeographical confounders could not be excluded. Further studies are warranted to verify whether the reported high attribution of disease to HPV52 in Asia is due to the high prevalence of lineage B.
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week doxycycline treatment for thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune condition associated with thyroid dysfunction. In this randomized ...controlled clinical trial, 82 patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive doxycycline (50 mg) or to undergo no treatment. Various metrics, including margin reflex distance (MRD1 and MRD2), eyelid aperture, levator muscle function, lagophthalmos, proptosis, ocular motility, diplopia, and Graves' ophthalmopathy-specific quality-of-life (GO-QOL) scale scoring were assessed. Exclusion criteria were uncontrolled systemic diseases, tetracycline allergies, pregnancy, lactation, or age below 18. The mean age was 51.6 years (SD), 87.8% of participants were female, and all were Caucasians. By week 12, the doxycycline group exhibited a significant improvement rate based on MRD2 (from 4 to 15 participants with physiological findings), clinical activity score (from 7 to 35 participants with non-active disease), and GO-QOL (from 51.22% to 70.73% of participants with a good life quality). Doxycycline showcased anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in treating TED, suggesting its potential efficacy for TED and other orbit inflammatory conditions. However, these results warrant further validation through future research involving extended follow-up periods and larger cohorts.
Introduction Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a serious late complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods This multicenter analysis determined ...the cumulative incidence (CI) of cGvHD and late acute GvHD (laGvHD) and its impact on transplantation-related mortality (TRM), relapse (R), and overall survival (OS) in 317 patients 296 adults, 21 pediatrics (<12 years of age) who underwent their first allo-HSCT in 2017. Results The CI of laGvHD was 10.5% in adults and 4.8% in pediatrics, and the CI of cGvHD was 43.0% in all adult transplant patients and 50.2% in the adult at-risk cohort at the study end. The onset of cGvHD was de novo in 42.0% of patients, quiescent in 52.1%, and progressive in 5.9%. In adults, prophylactic use of antithymocyte globulin or posttransplant cyclophosphamide was associated with a significantly lower incidence of cGvHD (28.7%) vs. standard prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitors (30.6%) and methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil (58.4%) (all p < 0.01). TRM was significantly higher in patients with aGvHD (31.8%) vs. cGvHD (12.6%) and no GvHD (6.3%) (all p = 0.0001). OS in the adult at-risk cohort was significantly higher in patients with cGvHD (78.9%) vs. without (66.2%; p = 0.0022; HR 0.48) due to a significantly lower relapse rate (cGvHD: 14.5%; without cGvHD: 27.2%; p = 0.00016, HR 0.41). OS was also significantly higher in patients with mild (80.0%) and moderate (79.2%) cGvHD vs. without cGvHD (66.2%), excluding severe cGvHD (72.7%) (all p = 0.0214). Discussion The negative impact of severe cGvHD on OS suggests a focus on prevention of severe forms is warranted to improve survival and quality of life.
The literature data show insufficient knowledge and awareness about oral cancer among dental and medical students.
To assess the knowledge of graduating dental students regarding oral cancer and to ...assess their awareness regarding the prevention and early detection of oral cancer. Also student's smoking status was examined aimed to investigate their attitude towards smoking as a risk factor for development of oral cancer and to assess the prevalence of smoking among dental students.
The study group consisted of 83 students of the fourth and fifth years of dental medicine study who answered the questions written in the original 16-item questionnaire.
More than half of the students considered their knowledge to be good, a quarter of them regarded their knowledge as being poor. Almost 16% of students considered their knowledge to be very good, whereas only two students rated their knowledge as 'excellent'. Students of the fifth year were more likely to be smokers compared to fourth year students (39.5% vs. 22.5%). Higher percentage of non-smokers than smokers had marked 'stop smoking' as an important preventive measure (non-smokers 91.2%, smokers 84.3%, p = 0.01).
Majority of the students of fourth and fifth year of study rate their knowledge about oral cancer as good. A large number of students of both years considered hairy leukoplakia a potentially malignant disorder. Students non smokers recognize "stop smoking" as an important preventive measure unlike students smokers who show a more realistic attitude towards smoking as a risk factor for oral cancer.
As iron ions may participate in the pathogenesis of cancer and viral infections, the aim of this study was to monitor their influence on proliferation, E6 and E7 oncogene expression and reactive ...oxygen species (ROS) production in two human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa and SiHa) and one HPV negative vulvar cell line (A431). The anti-anaemic drug, ferric–sorbitol–citric acid complex (FSC) as a source of Fe
III ions was used. Cells were treated with FSC at the concentrations between 0.001 and 1
mM Fe
III for different time periods. Fe
III ions inhibited the viability of HeLa and A431 cells while it had no influence on SiHa cells. Furthermore, Fe
III treatment showed a time-dependent and a higher stimulatory effect on E6/E7 expression in SiHa cells than in HeLa cells. Fe
III ion treatment with concentrations lower than 0.1
mM showed a time and a concentration dependent intracellular ROS production in all tested cell lines, while the treatment with 1
mM concentration decreased ROS production in all tested cell lines. In conclusion, Fe
III ion treatment apart from having an anti-tumour effect, as we previously described, enhances survival of HPV 16-positive cells and might be associated with HPV oncogenesis.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are clinically and histologically similar lesions but their treatment planning and prognosis are different. The review of the literature ...indicates numerous criteria to distinguish these two lesions; however there is a lot of inconsistency. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation of histopathology and clinical OLP and OLL diagnosis and to clarify which histopathologic criteria could best distinguish these two diagnoses. A retrospective study showed that clinically diagnosed 92 OLPs and 14 OLLs have been confirmed histopathologically in 52.2% and 42.9% of cases, respectively. In addition, histopathology showed statistically significant more eosinophils ( P < 0.0005 ), plasma cells ( P < 0.0005 ), and granulocytes ( P < 0.05 ) in OLL than OLP. To establish histopathological diagnosis of OLP and OLL it should be mandatory to define the type of cells in mononuclear infiltrate, which can be associated more accurately with clinical feature and patient history. Therefore, currently accepted diagnostic criteria for OLP and OLL should be modified and validated on a larger number of patients taking into account particular distinguishing histopathological features.
Abstract About 5% of all cancers worldwide can be attributed to human papillomaviruses (HPVs); namely, six sites are strongly associated with HPV infections: cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, and ...oropharynx. Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common malignancies in Caucasians. In fact, there is an intense connection between sunlight exposure, fair skin, HPV, and development of NMSC. We have conducted a pilot study that included tissue samples from 26 carcinoma patients, of which there were 13 BCC and 13 SCC. HPV detection and typing was done with DNA amplification and sequencing, respectively. In total, 23.1% of SCC samples (3/13) and 7.7% of BCC samples (1/13) were positive for HPV DNA. The importance of understanding all aspects of NMSC carcinogenesis may be to reveal novel therapeutic options or preventive measures for HPV containing NMSC patients.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been recognized as etiologic factors in a variety of diseases. Due to the large number of HPV types, methods for HPV genotyping are difficult to standardize. ...Despite this fact, several methods exist, and some of them are available commercially. In this study, we evaluated the Roche Diagnostics linear array (LA) HPV genotyping assay, the Innogenetics INNO-LiPA (line probe assay LiPA), and two noncommercial reverse line blot (RLB) assays based on either primers GP5+ and GP6+ (GP) or newly designed broad-spectrum primers BSGP5+ and BSGP6+ (BS). The reliabilities of these assays were tested with a wide spectrum of HPV types less prevalent in cervical samples. This is the first study to compare the performance of the most widely used HPV genotyping methods with selected samples positive for low-prevalence HPV types. We focused on interassay agreement, both overall and type specific, in cases with single and/or multiple HPV infections. Interassay agreement was moderate in cases of single HPV infections and poor in cases of multiple HPV infections. The LA and the BS-based RLB assays found a higher rate of cases positive for multiple HPV types than LiPA and the GP-based RLB assay. The weakest capability in detecting multiple HPV infections was observed for LiPA. The use of only one assay in epidemiological and clinical studies might lead to biased conclusions. Therefore, a universally evaluated and agreed upon HPV typing assay or a combination of current assays is needed for possible clinical applications, and knowledge of their limitations is advised.
Patients with a solid organ transplant can have many different complications in the mouth, as a result of immunosuppression and side effects of drugs. The aim of this study was to examine the ...frequency and type of oral lesions in renal transplant patients, dental status, oral hygiene, oral lesions related to drugs which patients take and the time of transplantation as well as the frequency of patient's visits to the dentist in the post-transplant period.
The study was performed in a period of two years and included 100 subjects with a renal transplant during their regular control visits to the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb and 100 randomly selected control subjects at the Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb.
Results showed a significantly higher incidence of oral lesions in patients with renal transplant (31%) compared to control subjects. The most frequent were erythematous (inflammatory changes), keratotic lesions and gingival hyperplasia. The average DMFT index was significantly lower in patients with renal transplant than in the control group. One third of patients had a subjective feeling of dry mouth. Oral hygiene was poor overall, and only a small number of subjects used the additional sustainers for oral hygiene. Most patients did not visit the dentist after the transplantation.
Renal transplant patients need a comprehensive and regular dental care during the pre- and post-transplant period and a doctor of dental medicine should be part of a multidisciplinary team of medical specialists.
Integration, which leads to the disruption of the circular HPV genome, is considered as a critical, albeit not obligatory, step in carcinogenic progression. Although cervical carcinomas with ...extrachromosomal HPV plasmid genomes have been described, the virus is integrated in 70% of HPV16‐positive cervical tumours. Limited information is available about HPV integration in head and neck tumours (HNC). In this study, we have characterised the physical status of HPV in a set of tonsillar tumour samples using different methods—the mapping of E2 integration breakpoint at the mRNA level, the 3’ RACE based Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay and Southern blot. Furthermore, the impact of HPV integration on patients' prognosis has been evaluated in a larger set of 186 patients with head and neck cancer. Based on the analysis of E2 mRNA, HPV was integrated in the host genome in 43% of the HPV‐positive samples. Extrachromosomal or mixed form was present in 57%. In fresh frozen samples, the APOT and E2 mapping results were in agreement. The results were confirmed using Southern blotting. Furthermore, the type and exact site of integration were determined. The survival analysis of 186 patients revealed HPV positivity, tumour size and lymph node positivity as factors that influence disease specific survival. However, no statistically significant difference was found in disease specific survival between patients with HPV‐positive integrated vs. extrachromosomal/mixed forms of the virus.
What's new?
The integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) into host DNA allows for greater expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7. Hence, HPV integration favours oncogenesis. But it is not mandatory for that process. In the present study of tissues from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, HPV was found to be integrated into the host genome in 43% of HPV‐positive samples. In the remaining positive samples, HPV was present either in extrachromosomal or mixed form. Although patients with extrachromosomal or mixed virus had slightly better prognosis than patients with integrated HPV, integration was not associated with patient survival.
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