Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be collected noninvasively and provide a wealth of information about tumor phenotype. For this reason, their specific and sensitive detection is of intense ...interest. Herein, we report a new, chip‐based strategy for the automated analysis of cancer cells. The nanoparticle‐based, multi‐marker approach exploits the direct electrochemical oxidation of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to report on the presence of specific surface markers. The electrochemical assay allows simultaneous detection of multiple different biomarkers on the surfaces of cancer cells, enabling discrimination between cancer cells and normal blood cells. Through multiplexing, it further enables differentiation among distinct cancer cell types. We showcase the technology by demonstrating the detection of cancer cells spiked into blood samples.
Mit wenig zufrieden: Ein elektrochemischer Assay nutzt Metallnanopartikel (MNPs, siehe Bild) auf einem Chip für die parallele Detektion vieler verschiedener Biomarkierungen auf der Oberfläche von Krebszellen, die dadurch von normalen Blutzellen unterschieden werden können. Schon zwei Zellen pro Elektrode genügen für einen Nachweis.
Introduction & Objective: Adiponectin exerts anti-tumor effect through connection to its receptor. Some studies have shown that polymorphism in Adipor1 results in insulin resistance, diabetic type 2 ...and colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence mutant allele of adiponectin receptor 1 polymorphism rs2275738 and to examine the association of genetic variant in ADIPOR1 rs 2275738 with the risk of colorectal cancer. Materials & Methods: This study was a case-control type. Genotyping of adiponectin receptor 1 gene was determined in series of 106 colorectal cancer patients and 106 controls by the use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping assay (PCR-RFLP). We calculated odd ratio and confidence interval (CI) of ADIPOR1 genotypes by SPSS 16 and χ2 to examine if this polymorphism is associated with colorectal cancer. Results: The frequency of TT,CT,CC genotype for adiponectin receptor polymorphism rs2275738 in the patients was 27.4, 50, 22.6 percents, respectively. Frequency of TT,CT,CC genotype in the controls was 40.6,22.6,36.8, respectively. Allele frequency of T,C was 41 and 59 percents in the controls respectively and 52.4 and 47.6 in the patients. Incidence of mutant allele among the patients and the controls shows significant differences (OR=1.57 CI=1.07-2.31 P=0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that polymorphism Adipor1 rs 2275738 is associated with increased risk of CRC.
Background: Short bowel syndrome is arbitrarily defined as the presence of less than 200 cm of residual small bowel in adults. Most of the patients are dependent to total parenteral nutrition (TPN), ...rather than high cost, it has many complications such as sepsis. The surgical procedures are associated with intestinal obstruction and their efficacy needs to be defined. This study was performed to implant small intestinal mucosa in colonic submucosal bed in order to find a new treatment for the patients suffering from short bowel syndrome and dependent to TPN. Methods: This study was experimental and performed in Torabinejad Research Center in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2008. Eight Persian male cats was studied and during laparotomy a 1 × 1 cm mucosal patch of terminal ileum was implanted in submucosa of the colon. After 14 days, second laparotomy was done and the colon was examined hystologically. Findings: In 7 cats, colonic mucosal structure was seen in the site of the patch (87.5%) and in 1 cat, ileal mucosal structure was seen (12.5%). Conclusion: According to the results, implantation of small intestinal mucosa in colonic submucosal bed was unsuccessful but possibly it may be a new alternative treatment for short bowel syndrome.
Production of Activated Carbon from Cellulose Wastes Hamid Reza Hafizi-Atabak; Hamid Ghanbari- Tuedeshki; Anita Shafaroudi ...
Journal of chemical and petroleum engineering (Online),
06/2013, Letnik:
47, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cellulose wastes of a wood and paper factory were used to produce activated carbon. Several chemical agents under various conditions were used for production of activated carbon and hence their ...adsorption properties have been evaluated. In addition the effect of process parameters such as raw material, chemical agent concentration, impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature, carbonization time, activation temperature, activation time, particle size and soaking time on adsorption properties and product yield have been studied. Based on experimental results, the optimum values of process parameters were determined. As an achievement, samples of activated carbon with specific surface area up to 1100 m2 /g and iodine adsorption number up to 1080 mg/g were prepared.
This paper presents a special design of an evolutionary algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for solving a generalized model of a single-item resource-constrained aggregate production planning ...(APP) problem. We linearize a linear mixed-integer model of APP. Due to its NP-hardness one, we develop the proposed GA with effective operators for solving the above model with an integer representation. This model is optimally solved and validated in small-sized problems by an optimization software package, in which the obtained results are compared with the GA results. The results imply the efficiency of the proposed GA achieving to near optimal solutions within a reasonably computational time.
This study is aimed to achieve the foundations of social constructionism by using analytical method. Using analytical method, dissection of the social constructionism’s foundations will be the main ...aim of this study. To achieve social constructionism’s foundations, after preparing a definition, its differences with constructivism, its types, features, and roots were examined. The results showed that despite being realistic with regards to ontology, as soon as talking about the reality, social constructivism changes to a constructed phenomenon, which adopts a critical and pluralistic stand. Knowledge, in this perspective, is the product of social interactions. Furthermore, constructionism, regarding ethics and values, treats with respect to the values of other cultures and believes in toleration. Thus, social constructionism is based on a relative and pluralistic ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Viewing from an anthropological point of view, social constructionists, are also known as anti-essentialism and anti-individualism and the human is considered as a social animal. Finally, they assign both individual and society as the origin of effect.
Reported here is the case of a 60‐year‐old male diabetic patient with mediastinitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus following an open heart surgery that was successfully treated. A review of ...literature revealed that A. fumigatus as a cause of mediastinitis has been rarely described. Aspergillus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery, especially in a clinical setting of unexplained sepsis or nonhealing wound infection despite apparently adequate treatment.
We develop a discrete-time approximation technique dealing with the time-cost trade-off problem in PERT networks. It is assumed that the activity durations are independent random variables with ...generalized Erlang distributions, in which the mean duration of each activity is a non-increasing function of the amount of resource allocated to it. It is also assumed that the amount of resource allocated to each activity is controllable. Then, we construct an optimal control problem with three conflicting objective functions. Solving this optimal control problem, optimally, is impossible. Therefore, a discrete-time approximation technique is applied to solve the original multi-objective optimal control problem, using goal attainment method. To show the advantages of the proposed technique, we also develop a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to solve the problem, and compare the discrete-time approximation results against the SA and also the genetic algorithm results.
Motion detection and segmentation are used in many applications of computer vision. The goal of this segmentation is to extract moving object from its background. This segmentation would be more ...challengeable when the camera is moving itself. This paper considers the addressing of this problem using structure from motion (SFM) techniques. First, using the RANSAC algorithm the Epipolar geometry between two-view images is estimated to calculate the fundamental matrix. Second, the dense optical flow is used to find the corresponding point for all the pixels. Then the corresponding points which do not lie on their Epipolar lines are detected. These points will introduce the moving objects. The experiments show the performance of our algorithm in real scene.
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