Prangos ferulacea (Jashir) plant possesses various phytoconstituents such as coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, umbelliferon, and monoterpenes and has been used in traditional medicine. The presence ...of flavonoids in aerial parts of Prangos ferulacea necessities further examination of using them as a source of natural colorants for developing natural and beautiful shades on wool yarns. This will add one more new effective natural dye source and ease the dependency of the present-day textile industry on synthetic colorants. Simple adsorption of aqueous dye extract on the wool followed by evaluation of buildup properties using 28 different binary metal combinations as mordants were studied in this study. The dyeing was performed by exhaust dyeing method and dyed samples were analyzed through reflectance spectroscopy and analyzed in terms of color strength, CIEL*a*b*, and CIEL*c*h
o
values. Color characteristics were evaluated on a spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant and 10° standard observer. FT-IR and SEM analyses were performed to characterize P. ferulacea dyed wool yarns. The results showed that overall 29 different shades having very good to excellent fastness properties were produced by the use of different metallic salt combinations in natural dyeing of wool yarns using aerial parts of P. ferulacea as a source of natural dye.
In recent years, bio-dyes are being increasingly explored as promising sustainable alternatives for cleaner dyeing and functional finishing of textiles. In this study, an ecological approach was ...presented for clean dyeing and functionalization of wool using flavonoid-based bio-dyes extracted from lemon balm plant. First, dyeing parameters (pH, time, temperature, and dye concentration) were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization technique. Afterwards, wool yarns were dyed using 75% (o.w.f.) of bio-dyes in conjunction with different bio-mordants (
Quercus infectoria
and
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
leaves), metal salts (Cu
2+
and Fe
2+
), and their binary combinations. Practically, nine different sober color shades (control dyeing: Yellowish brown; Fe
2+
: Raw umber color; Cu
2+
: Satin sheen gold color; GN: Tan color; EU: Fallow color; Fe/GN: Van dyke color; Fe/Eu: Wenge color; Cu/GN: Coyote color; Cu/Eu: Khaki color) were obtained. Additionally, dyed wool exhibited excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV-protection behaviors. Indeed, the introduction of metal ions (Fe
2+
and Cu
2+
) and bio-mordants enhanced the color depth and fastness properties and imparted a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish with 80% retention of activity after 20 washing cycles. The results of this study confirmed the potential of lemon balm as a promising source of bio-dyes to impart a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish with a bright future in the biomedical textile division and healthcare applications with UV protection.
Graphical Abstracts
In the present research, an attempt was made to investigate the possibility of the use of flavonoid-based plant colorants and bioactive agents for the development of an antimicrobial and antioxidant ...wool textile with acceptable colorimetric and fastness characteristics. Practically, a range of eco-friendly colors was developed of varying hues and tones using 75% (o.w.f.) of
Prangos ferulacea
natural dye extract in conjunction with different metal salt mordants (aluminium sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, nickel chloride, and cobalt sulfate). The effect of different mordanting methods (Pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting) was also assessed on the color and fastness properties of dyed wool yarns. The color properties were investigated in terms of CIELab (
L
*
,
a
*
,
b
*
,
C
*
, and
h
o
) and color strength (
K/S
) values. Light, washing, and rubbing fastness properties were evaluated as per ISO standard test methods. The antibacterial action against two bacterial strains (
E. coli
and
S. aureus
) and the free radical scavenging power of dyed wool yarns were recorded with exceptionally high values. Among different metal-mordanted samples, the introduction of Fe
2+
and Cu
2+
ions enhanced the color depth and fastness properties the most with a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish with around 80% retention of functional properties after 20 continuous washing cycles.
Graphical abstract
•The effect of CS-PPI on the dyeability of nylon fabrics was studied.•Two reactive dyes were applied to investigate the dyeability of nylon fabrics.•The dyeing property of CS-PPI grafted nylon ...fabrics was increased.•Fastness properties of the dyed nylon fabrics have also been discussed.•The antimicrobial property of CS-PPI grafted nylon fabrics was improved.
Nylon fabric surface modification using chitosan-poly(propylene imine) dendreimer hybrid (CS-PPI) as a novel eco-friendly finishing agent has been reported. Effects of some operational parameters such as pH, temperature, time and CS-PPI concentration on grafting yield were examined through dye up-take using two commercial reactive dyes in terms of color strength (K/S). FTIR, SEM, and DSC data confirmed the grafting of CS-PPI onto nylon substrate. Optimal grafting values obtained were pH 4, temperature 60°C, time 6h and 2.5g/L CS-PPI concentration. The performance of CS-PPI grafted nylon was investigated in terms of its dyeability, color fastness, and antimicrobial properties.
This study aims to extend color shade range of Rubia tinctorum L. (Dyer's madder) natural dye on wool textiles via binary combination of Al, Sn, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn mordants. Wool yarns were ...premordanted, dyed with 75.0%owf madder dye, and characterized for their color strength, colorimetric parameters, and color fastness. Nature of single and binary metal cations substantially affected color shades, color strength, and fastness properties due to different interactions of dye, metal mordants, and wool polymer chains. This resulted in the development of novel color shades having different lightness, enhanced color strength, and color fastness properties. Combination of mordants had a synergistic effect on dye uptake which enhanced color strength values. Moreover, with the aid of binary metal mordants, colors of some legally restricted mordants like chromium can be reproduced which is important from ecological viewpoint. Binary mordanted samples exhibited superior color fastness. Results represent that this viable method can extend the color gamut of madder natural dye on wool with satisfactory color fastness and lessen the hazards associated with the use of some toxic metal mordants.
A simple method was used to extend the color shade range of Dyer's madder on wool yarns
Wool yarns were premordanted with binary combinations of different metal mordants and dyed with Dyer's madder
New color shades were obtained on wool yarns
Binary mixed metal mordanted dyed wool showed improved dye uptake and color fastness
The use of natural dyes on textiles is developing due to the growing of environmental awareness and avoidance in production of some unsafe synthetic dyes. Pretreatment of wool yarn with chitosan-poly ...(amidoamine) dendrimer (Ch-PAMAM) hybrid for improving the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and dyeing properties of cochineal and madder as the high consumption natural dyes for dyeing of wool yarns was studied. It was found that cochineal and madder dye exhaustion on treated wool yarn as compared with raw wool yarn were increased by 22% and 10%, respectively. Results indicated that the equilibrium concentrations of cochineal and madder on the treated samples were achieved at 20% o.w.f. and 125% o.w.f., respectively. Furthermore, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of treated samples were excellent (>99%). It can be concluded that Ch-PAMAM hybrid can be applied on wool yarns as the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bio-mordant agent to achieve higher natural dye absorption, and eliminate the metal mordants and acid from the dyeing of natural dyes on the wool.
Fruits obtained from shrubs of the Crataegus elbursensis (
C. elbursensis
) plant demonstrate significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In this study, natural dye was sono-extracted from ...fresh and dried fruits and applied in dyeing and antibacterial finishing of wool. The maximum sono-extraction yield was obtained when optimal conditions of ethanol/ water (4/1 v/v) as extracting solvent, time 30 min, pH 4, temperature 50 oC, and
C. elbursensis
concentration 10
g/l
were used. When wool yarns were dyed with the extracted natural dye, the maximum dye uptake was achieved using dye concentration 75 % owf, and dyeing condition of 100 oC, 60 min, pH 4, and LR 100:1. Different metal salts like aluminum sulfate, copper sulfate, and tin chloride were applied on wool by pre-mordanting method and their effects on dye uptake, color variation, and color fastness were examined. Results showed that the natural dye itself had relatively high uptake and good color fastness on un-mordanted wool. Further, each mordant had different effect on dye uptake, color variation, and color fastness properties depending on its coordination ability with dye molecules and wool chains. Moreover, dyed yarns showed good antibacterial activity against
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) bacteria.
Recently, natural dyes are being explored all over the world as safer and highly sustainable bio-based alternatives to synthetic dyes. Agricultural wastes and plant by-products are the most commonly ...explored alternatives with dual benefits of waste reclamation and sustainable dye production with extra value-adds. Hypercium scabrum plant contains interesting bio-dye molecules with high flavonoids and tannin contents. The present study aims at exploring the potential of H. scabrum plant extract to color wool textiles with a focus on sustainable bio-dye production and fastness properties. The extracted bio-dye was quantitatively (for total phenolic (2.733 mg per CE/g) and total flavonoid (1.140 mg per GAE/g) content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method) and qualitatively (UV–Vis, FT-IR, and EDX) characterized. The effect of dyeing parameters like pH (2–8), temperature (60–90 °C), dry-weight content of plant material as a dye (25–150% o.w.f.), and dyeing time (15–120 min) on color strength (K/S) values were assessed. Color fastness assays showed good resistance to light, washing, and rubbing. The effect of artificial aging (Xenon arc lamp) on the color strength of dyed wool yarns under different exposure times (0–48 h) was explored. The highest color fading occurred in control dyed samples with a first-order rate constant of 131.57 h−1 and a half-life period of 5.26 x 10−3 h. Color difference (ΔE) values suggested that mordanted samples showed less fading compared to control dyed samples at equal times of Xenon exposure. Additionally, the dyed samples were washed in double distilled water, tap water, and 4 g/L NaCl solution to check their effects on the corresponding K/S values while 4 g/L NaCl solution mimics the real conditions of perspiration. Maximum color leaching occurred in 4 g/L NaCl washing with a first-order rate constant of 11.57 min−1. Cost analysis of the dye extraction and dyeing procedure revealed that the process is sustainable and economical. Thus, the use of H. scabrum whole plant can provide a clean, economical, and sustainable source of alternative natural dyes that can be used to substitute synthetic analogs.
There is a continuous search for green and sustainable materials and processes in textile dyeing and finishing. In the current study, wool yarns were grafted with Sodium Alginate-Silver nanoparticles ...(SA-Ag NPs) and consecutively dyed with Cochineal or Madder. The weight gain of the samples was measured to find the optimized SA-Ag NPs initial concentration, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study their surface morphology. The effects of the initial dye concentration, pH, temperature on the color strength of the dyed samples were investigated. It was found that the pretreatment enhanced the dye-ability, antimicrobial, and antioxidant characteristics of the samples noticeably. Under the same dyeing conditions, the fixation of dyes on the treated wool fibers was noticeably higher than that of the untreated wool fibers. The colorfastness characteristics of the treated samples dyed with Cochineal or Madder were slightly improved. The results clearly showed that the application of SA-Ag NPs on the wool samples could be considered as a green finishing process with promising antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. A very high level of antimicrobial efficiency (99%) was achieved after the pretreatment, which remained as high as 90% even after ten repeated washing cycles.
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