Selecting a suitable Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method is a crucial stage to establish a Solid Waste Management (SWM) system. Main objective of the current study is to demonstrate and ...evaluate a proposed method using Multiple Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM). An improved version of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) applied to obtain the best municipal solid waste management method by comparing and ranking the scenarios. Applying this method in order to rank treatment methods is introduced as one contribution of the study. Besides, Viekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) compromise solution method applied for sensitivity analyses. The proposed method can assist urban decision makers in prioritizing and selecting an optimized Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment system. Besides, a logical and systematic scientific method was proposed to guide an appropriate decision-making.
A modified TOPSIS methodology as a superior to existing methods for first time was applied for MSW problems. Applying this method in order to rank treatment methods is introduced as one contribution of the study. Next, 11 scenarios of MSW treatment methods are defined and compared environmentally and economically based on the waste management conditions. Results show that integrating a sanitary landfill (18.1%), RDF (3.1%), composting (2%), anaerobic digestion (40.4%), and recycling (36.4%) was an optimized model of integrated waste management. An applied decision-making structure provides the opportunity for optimum decision-making. Therefore, the mix of recycling and anaerobic digestion and a sanitary landfill with Electricity Production (EP) are the preferred options for MSW management.
•The study is a new approach of multi-criteria analysis by TOPSIS and VIKOR.•A systematic and logical scientific method was proposed for SWM.•TOPSIS was applied to rank treatment methods as a contribution of the study.•The model has less potential of environmental impacts and more economic benefits.
Metal oxide nanoparticles with unique properties have recently attracted much attention as a potential smart material for treatment of cancer. The inherent structural and ionic defects in ZnO ...nanoparticles allow the formation of intracellular superoxide and hydroxyl radicals after entering a cancer cell causing damage on DNA and preventing subsequent replication. However, the full extent of the DNA damage and the knock-on effect with respect to protein synthesis is not copiously comprehended. This study tries to tune the cytotoxic activity of ZnO nanoparticles in virtue of physicochemical property against human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage leading to apoptosis. In order to produce an array of different size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles with varying structural defects, this study utilised the unique phytochemicals of Terminalia arjuna, Swertia chirayita, and Psidium guajava as the active reducing agents for the formation of the nanoparticle from the mineral salt. Variations in the created nanoparticle size and relative structural defects have caused a consequential surge in ROS production inside cancer cells resulting in enhanced effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles for cancer treatment.
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•Structural defects of nanoparticles (NP) increased when NP size decreased.•Oxidative stress caused by ZnO nanoparticles induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.•Property of NP is governed by type of plant extract used for its synthesis.•Phytochemicals in plant extract play role in anticancer potential of NP.
For more than a century, enteroviral infections have been associated with autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Uncontrolled viral response pathways repeatedly presented during childhood highly ...correlate with autoimmunity and T1D. Virus responses evoke chemokines and cytokines, the "cytokine storm" circulating through the body and attack cells especially vulnerable to inflammatory destruction. Intra-islet inflammation is a major trigger of β-cell failure in both T1D and T2D. The genetic contribution of islet inflammation pathways is apparent in T1D, with several mutations in the interferon system. In contrast, in T2D, gene mutations are related to glucose homeostasis in β cells and insulin-target tissue and rarely within viral response pathways. Therefore, the current study evaluated whether enteroviral RNA can be found in the pancreas from organ donors with T2D and its association with disease progression.
Pancreases from well-characterized 29 organ donors with T2D and 15 age- and BMI-matched controls were obtained from the network for pancreatic organ donors with diabetes and were analyzed in duplicates. Single-molecule fluorescence
hybridization analyses were performed using three probe sets to detect positive-strand enteroviral RNA; pancreas sections were co-stained by classical immunostaining for insulin and CD45.
There was no difference in the presence or localization of enteroviral RNA in control nondiabetic and T2D pancreases; viral infiltration showed large heterogeneity in both groups ranging from 0 to 94 virus
cells scattered throughout the pancreas, most of them in the exocrine pancreas. Very rarely, a single virus
cell was found within islets or co-stained with CD45
immune cells. Only one single T2D donor presented an exceptionally high number of viruses, similarly as seen previously in T1D, which correlated with a highly reduced number of β cells.
No association of enteroviral infection in the pancreas and T2D diabetes could be found. Despite great similarities in inflammatory markers in islets in T1D and T2D, long-term enteroviral infiltration is a distinct pathological feature of T1D-associated autoimmunity and in T1D pancreases.
This study focuses on the effective synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the stem extract of Swertia chirayita via the use of zinc acetate as precursor. Three different synthesis methods namely ...Sonication, Wet-chemical and Hydrothermal methods were used in the development of ZnO nanoparticles, due to its simple and easily scalable attribute. A comparative assessment was subjected over the prepared ZnO nanoparticles to evaluate the influence over the nanoparticles physico-chemical property and also to determine the most effective processing method to green synthesise ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesised demonstrates retainment of spherical crystalline structure, even though the processing parameters of the ZnO nanoparticles were varied during its synthesis. ZnO nanoparticles synthesised using hydrothermal process exhibits smaller particle size (17 nm), better photocatalytic activity (88.67%) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (26 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) compared to the other ZnO nanoparticles. These results could be strongly attributed to the smaller particle size due to the controlled pressure and temperature employed during the production of ZnO using hydrothermal process. The observed result revealed the calibrable nature of the ZnO nanoparticles property in virtue of its processing parameters and also its high affectivity in biomedical application.
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•Prepared ZnO nanoparticles from S. Chirayita stem extract by green synthesis.•Prepared ZnO nanoparticles compared to the various synthesis parameters.•ZnO Nps antibacterial tuned to with respect to parameter dependence.•Enhanced structural, high photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.
Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action Dressler, Dirk; Saberi, Fereshte Adib; Barbosa, Egberto Reis
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria,
03/2005, Letnik:
63, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This review describes therapeutically relevant mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin (BT). BT's molecular mode of action includes extracellular binding to glycoproteine structures on cholinergic ...nerve terminals and intracellular blockade of the acetylcholine secretion. BT affects the spinal stretch reflex by blockade of intrafusal muscle fibres with consecutive reduction of Ia/II afferent signals and muscle tone without affecting muscle strength (reflex inhibition). This mechanism allows for antidystonic effects not only caused by target muscle paresis. BT also blocks efferent autonomic fibres to smooth muscles and to exocrine glands. Direct central nervous system effects are not observed, since BT does not cross the blood-brain-barrier and since it is inactivated during its retrograde axonal transport. Indirect central nervous system effects include reflex inhibition, normalisation of reciprocal inhibition, intracortical inhibition and somatosensory evoked potentials. Reduction of formalin-induced pain suggests direct analgesic BT effects possibly mediated through blockade of substance P, glutamate and calcitonin gene related peptide.
this paper presents feature selection for fault diagnosis based on recursive generalized extended least squares algorithm (RGELS). RGELS model is derived and validation of this model is tested ...utilizing good statistical methods, which, namely best-fit criterion. The system parameters are estimated employing the proposed algorithm. Dimension reduction of the system parameters is done to get best important features using linear discriminant analysis. Finally, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Recursive Least Squares Algorithm for MISO CARAMA Systems Utilizing Data Filtering Saheri, Weiam Ali; Shashoa, Nasar Aldian Ambark; Abougarair, Ahmed J.
2021 IEEE 1st International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering MI-STA,
2021-May-25
Conference Proceeding
The identification problem of multiple-input single-output (MISO) output-error for (CARARMA) systems is concerned in this paper. the filtering technique is used to decompose the main model into two ...identification models, one for system and another for noise, and the difficulty is the information vector has unknown variables. The employed idea for solving this difficulty is replacing these variables with their corresponding estimates, and a data filtering-based RLS method is derived. The proposed algorithm has more significant computational advantage and can estimate parameters more accurately compared with the RELS algorithms. This conclusion is confirmed in simulation results.
RLS Identification Model of Bearing System Shashoa, Nasar Aldian Ambark; Saheri, Weiam Ali; Arwin, Munya Ali ...
2021 IEEE 1st International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering MI-STA,
2021-May-25
Conference Proceeding
RLS parameter identification algorithm of bearing systems is presented in this work. The algorithm is validated using the average predicted output error and estimation error. Bayesian Information ...Criterion is used to define the order of this model. Finally, the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) Bearing Data Center are used to offer the effectiveness of this algorithm.
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