The present study demonstrates the spatial analysis and mapping of fish and different measures of environmental parameters and fish diversity of Pong reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, using Kriging ...spatial interpolation methods for geographical information system mapping. Seasonal data on environmental parameters, potential fish habitat and fish diversity was collected from lentic (dam), lentic (reservoir), transitional and lotic zone of the reservoir.. Important environmental parameters like water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, water depth and transparency showed variations across the different zones of the reservoir. The sediment of the reservoir was sandy clay loam in nature as per texture analysis. Fish species richness, Shannon index and evenness index showed a similarity of the lotic and lentic (reservoir) zones of the reservoir. Six potential fish breeding grounds were identified in the reservoir indicating high conservation significance. The analysis of data showed a declining trend in fish production from 456.9 tonnes during the decade 1976–1987 to 347.91 tonnes during 2009–2020. The factors like anthropogenic climate change, predation of a stocked fish juvenile by water birds, undersized fish stocking and unscientific management are the probable reasons for the decreasing fish production. The spatial variation pattern of the water spread area, environmental parameters, fish catch and potential fish breeding grounds depicted in the GIS platform can be used as an important information base by the policy makers for fisheries management. The stocking of large size fish as a stocking material and adequate protection of the potential fish breeding grounds are the key advisories for the sustainable enhancement of fisheries as well as conservation.
•Power quality improvement in three-phase utility systems using modular cascaded MI (MCMI) based hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) with PV integrated for power quality improvement.•An ...optimization approach called the predator-prey based fire-fly optimization (PPFO) is used for reducing the total harmonic distortions (THD).•The adaptive perturb and observe–fuzzy (APOF) is developed for tracking the maximum power.•The effectiveness of the PPFO is tested with other methods like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and fire-fly optimization (FO). The proposed technique is performed using MATLAB/ simulink tool and is validated under different supply conditions.
In recent days multilevel inverters (MI) have played an essential role in photovoltaic (PV) integrated supply systems. MI has high efficiency and is more robust compared to the traditional two-level inverter. This paper presents a modular cascaded multilevel inverters (MCMI)-based hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) with PV integrated for power quality (PQ) improvement in three-phase utility systems. The main aim is to deliver the PV system's active power and reduce the current harmonics by injecting the compensation current at the point of intersection (POI). The main contributions in this work presents an optimization based approach called the predator-prey based fire-fly optimization (PPFO) for reducing the total harmonic distortions (THD) and, the Adaptive Perturb and Observe–Fuzzy (APOF) is developed for tracking the maximum power. The effectiveness of the PPFO is tested with other methods like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and fire-fly optimization (FO). The proposed technique is performed using MATLAB/ Simulink tool under different supply conditions.
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•Modelling of polygeneration hybrid solar and biomass system is carried out.•Optimization of various output parameters is considered using Genetic Algorithm.•Optimized values in various decision ...variables.•Efficiency of polygeneration hybrid solar and biomass system is achieved to 49.85%.•The payback period is 1.5 years which is less than of solar thermal and hybrid system.
The energy, exergy, economic analysis and optimization with the objective functions of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, VAR cooling output, desalination output and total output of the polygeneration hybrid solar and biomass system are investigated. The optimization using the objective functions, constraints and the decision variables is carried out utilizing genetic algorithm in EES software for polygeneration hybrid solar and biomass system. In this paper, the optimized values of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, VAR cooling output, desalination output and total output of the polygeneration system are achieved to 49.85%, 20.94%, 7278 kW, 4405 kW and 14,606 kW respectively. The payback period of polygeneration hybrid solar biomass system is 1.5 years at the electricity tariff rate of ₹7.45/kWh which is less than of solar thermal and hybrid solar biomass power plant.
Raman spectroscopic investigations of phonons of different symmetries in anatase TiO2 nanocrystals synthesized by the sol−gel method are carried out. Out of six Raman active phonons, the line shapes ...of two Eg modes and one B1g mode have been analyzed quantitatively to distinguish between the contributions of laser-induced local heating, phonon confinement effects, and defects to the line broadening. The line shape asymmetry arising from confinement of optical phonons in the 397 cm−1 B1g mode is found to be of opposite nature than those in the 144 and 639 cm−1 Eg modes. This arises due to the negative dispersion of the 397 cm−1 B1g phonon dispersion curve. The measured spectra show larger broadening than those predicted by a phonon confinement model. The excess broadening, attributed to intrinsic defects, is found to be least for the 144 cm−1 Eg mode and largest for the 397 cm−1 B1g mode. In addition, finite laser power of the excitation wavelength is found to raise the temperature of the nanocrystals, with heating being maximum for the smallest size nanocrystals.
We have designed and evaluated biodegradable porous polymeric microparticles as a scaffold for cell growth. The hypothesis was that microparticles with optimized composition and properties would have ...better cell adhesion and hence cell growth into a tissue-like structure. Solvent-evaporation method was modified using sucrose as an additive to form large porous microparticles of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) and polylactide (PLA) polymers. Microparticles containing hydrophilic polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan) incorporated in their internal matrix structure were also formulated. Different formulations of microparticles were evaluated for physical properties, cell adhesion, and cell growth in culture. PLA microparticles containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the matrix structure (PLA-PVA) and treated with serum prior to cell seeding demonstrated better cell adhesion and cell growth than other formulations of microparticles. Cells were seen to grow into clumps, engulfing microparticles completely with time, and forming a 3-D tissue-like structure. Cell density of 1.5 × 106 cells per mg of microparticles was achieved in 9 days of culture, which was a 7-fold increase from the initial seeding cell density. The mechanism of better cell growth on PLA-PVA microparticles appears to be due to the PVA associated with the internal matrix structure of microparticles. These microparticles demonstrated better wetting in culture and also cell adhesion. In addition to tissue engineering applications, microparticles with cancer cells grown into a tissue-like structure in vitro can be potentially used as a model system for preclinical evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of anticancer agents.
Sustainability is a vital issue for present and future generation, and it aims to obtain overall efficiency in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. Inconel 825 belongs to the family ...of nickel-based super alloy and is widely used in the chemical and marine industries. This work attempts to investigate machining performance of Inconel 825 using physical vapor deposition-titanium nitrate inserts, with a focus on sustainable machining. The effect of cutting parameters, viz. cutting speed (
v
), feed (
f
) and depth of cut (
d
) on three aspects of sustainability has been explored in two different machining environments, viz. dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The experimental results show a significant improvement in MQL machining and tool wear, and cutting power is reduced by 16.57 and 8.47%, respectively, and surface roughness is improved by 10.41%. The interacting effects of parameters on responses are studied using 3-D surface plots; it shows cutting speed and feed are found as dominating parameters on all the three responses. The novelty of this work is to optimize the process for the sustainable production of components by optimizing the process parameters with multiple and conflicting objectives. The sustainable optimization using genetic algorithm provides surface roughness (
R
a
) as 0.49 µm, tool flank wear (VB) as 110.68 µm and cutting power (
P
) as 5.44 kW with better convergent capability having 4% deviation. For the application of manufacturing industry, an optimization table is generated for selection of optimum process parameters for achieving desired surface roughness with minimum VB or minimum
P
.
Segregation of secondary phases at the grain boundary plays a vital role in increasing the value of dielectric constant and decreasing dielectric loss in dielectric materials. Herein, La/Gd co-doped ...SrTiO
3
(STO) ceramics of compositions La
0.1
Sr
0.9−
x
Gd
x
TiO
3
(
x
= 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11), henceforth abbreviated as LGST, have been prepared in conventional solid-state route using a high energy ball mill. The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate structural and microstructural structures, respectively. The dielectric and electrical parameters are studied in a frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 1 MHz within the temperature ranging from 30 to 450 °C. The results demonstrate that all the synthesized samples exhibit single-phase perovskite structure with
P
m
3
¯
m
space group. The prepared LGST samples exhibit increasing dielectric maximum (
ε
r
= 18,218) with the increase in the doping concentration. The enhanced dielectric behavior in the doped samples is attributed to the segregation of the secondary phase followed by localized transport mediated by defect dipole and defect clusters. Nevertheless, La/Gd co-doping results in a systematic reduction in the band gap from 3.19 to 3.13 eV of STO.
Lignin is a co-product of paper and lignocellulosic bioethanol industries. Structure and functionality of lignins differ from one another based upon the source material and isolation techniques ...adopted in various industries. Value added applications from lignins need a proper investigation of their inherent properties. Various types of industrial lignins were characterized through elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to understand the potential of these materials for future value added applications, with a major focus on compositae materials. All the grades of Protobind lignins exhibited lower sulphur content and higher carbon content. The highest value of sulphur content was observed for Arbo S01 lignin (lignosulphonate). Among all the industrial lignins, Protobind 2400 exhibited higher thermal degradation onset i.e. 174.5 °C followed by Arbo S01 (Sodium lignosulphonate, 164.4 °C). Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the lignins demonstrated the differences in their thermal behaviour. The DTG curve of Polybind 300 was quite different from the other lignins.
► Lignin is a co-product of paper pulp and lignocellulosic bioethanol industries. ► Lignins differ in their elemental compositions. ► Protobind lignins contain lower amount of sulphur and higher amount of carbon. ► Lignins exhibited significant differences in their thermal degradation behaviours. ► Physico-chemical characteristics of lignin help deciding its applications.
Chronic diseases have been treated using the phytochemical concepts of ethnomedicinal plant-derived herbal products. Terminalia arjuna, a significant ethnomedicinal plant, was revisited and ...reconnoitred for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and DNA nicking inhibiting activity under H
conditions using 21 solvent extracts. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and nitrous oxide scavenging (%) were found to have a strong positive association and interaction (PCA 1 explains 84.54% variation) with ethanol bark (Etoh-AB) (Meoh-AF). TPC (144.67-1794 µg/mL GAE) and TFC (2.5-34 µM Fe(II)/g were highest in Etoh-AB. In a pattern of combined solvent extracts, Etoh-AB had the highest antioxidant capacity, accompanied by Etoh-AL ≥ Meoh-AB ≥ Dw-AF. With R
= 0.94, the DNA nicking inhibition behaviour parameters relative front, relative quantity, band (%), and lane (%) formed a positive significant (p < 0.01) connection. For the first time, we show that Etoh-AB nicks supercoiled, circular plasmid DNA in a way that is comparable to normal antioxidants. Normal antioxidants with the ability to prevent DNA nicking include Butylated hydroxy anisole < Butylated hydroxy toluene < ascorbic acid < and Gallic acid. Gallic acid (m/z 170.0208 g/mol) and Ellagic acid (m/z 302.0063 g/mol were present in high concentrations in solvent extracts. 0.48 mg was found to be the effective concentration for inhibiting relative DNA nicking. The current study is the first of its kind to show that steroid concentrations are higher in bark fractions of acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Furthermore, T. arjuna solvent extracts provide a wealth of information on phytochemical profiling, antioxidant ability, and DNA nicking inhibition, which may be useful for exploring the natural way and further research to develop a remedy against geriatric chronic disease. Despite the fact that ethanol is very close to methanol in terms of solvent toxicity, the current study identified it as the preferred solvent. Thus, the current research revisits previous studies and explores the potentiality of non-polar and polar aprotic and polar protic solvent systems, which lend credence to bioactive compounds that may be useful in isolating and formulating safe and cost effective herbal medicament for livestocks and aquaculture, and drugs for deoxygenerative human diseases, and can also be investigated further to instil environmental frugality.
In the present study, the effect of colonization of different doses of T. harzianum Th-56 strain in rice genotypes were evaluated under drought stress. The rice genotypes treated with increasing dose ...of T. harzianum strain Th-56 showed better drought tolerance as compared with untreated control plant. There was significant change in malondialdehyde, proline, higher superoxide dismutase level, plant height, total dry matter, relative chlorophyll content, leaf rolling, leaf tip burn, and the number of scorched/senesced leaves in T. harzianum Th-56 treated rice genotypes under drought stress. This was corroborated with altered expression of aquaporin and dehydrin genes in T. harzianum Th-56 treated rice genotypes. The present findings suggest that a dose of 30 g/L was the most effective in improving drought tolerance in rice, and its potential exploitation will contribute to the advancement of rice genotypes to sustain crop productivity under drought stress. Interaction studies of T. harzianum with three aromatic rice genotypes suggested that PSD-17 was highly benefitted from T. harzianum colonization under drought stress.
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