The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) has recently become common in urban environments in Japan. We predicted that, like other carnivores adapted to urban environments, raccoon dogs ...in urban areas should have smaller home ranges than those in rural areas. We investigated the size of home ranges of raccoon dogs in the Akasaka Imperial Grounds, a 51-ha green area in central Tokyo. Between August 2012 and August 2014, 7 adult males and 4 adult females were radiotracked. Mean (± SD) home range size of these 11 raccoon dogs (100% minimum convex polygon = 17.6 ± 13.0 ha; 95% fixed kernel = 8.3 ± 5.7 ha) was smaller than that of raccoon dogs in rural areas obtained in previous studies, and core areas (75% local convex hull) averaged 3.7 ± 4.1 (SD) ha. We detected no seasonal changes in home range size. These results were consistent with the notion that urban carnivores typically have small home ranges. The small home range size seems to be explained by abundance of food resources, restricted environment, and the high population density of raccoon dogs in the urban green area.
Although urbanization is a leading threat to wildlife conservation, some species have adapted to a synanthropic lifestyle. We used a population of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the ...Akasaka Imperial Grounds in central Tokyo, Japan to investigate how latrine-using carnivores can maintain their socio-spatial organization with human disturbance. Between 2012 and 2014, we selected 4–11 latrines per year (from a max. of 18 latrines recorded in the area) using 1 camera per latrine. We focused on latrines that included varying levels of human disturbance. We analyzed the temporal patterns of 3,257 latrine visits, of which 878 included defecation events. Overall, latrine use (i.e., visits with and without defecation events) increased as winter approached, coinciding with dispersal, and showed a seasonal shift from diurnal to nocturnal use patterns as days got shorter. Generalized linear mixed model results confirmed that temporal visiting and defecation patterns were affected by human disturbance and shifted from diurnal to nocturnal, although overall frequency of visits and defecation events did not decrease at disturbed latrines and raccoon dogs continued to use disturbed latrine sites. Raccoon dogs likely perceive human disturbance as predation risk and avoided this by shifting their temporal, but not spatial, activity pattern to minimize disturbance. Minimizing the amount of disturbance around raccoon-dog latrines at sensitive sites and times of day would allow them to co-exist with people with the minimal compromise to their latrine-centered socio-spatial organization.
The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Canidae, Carnivora) is highly adaptable to urban environments. Populations of carnivorans inhabiting urban areas sometimes differ ecologically and ...genetically from those in rural areas. However, there is little information on urban raccoon dogs. This study focused on raccoon dog populations in Tokyo, one of the most highly urbanized cities in the world. We examined the genotypes of 10 microsatellites for 101 fecal samples from raccoon dogs inhabiting the grounds of the Imperial Palace, a green space in central Tokyo. We successfully genotyped 58 samples originating from 31 individuals. We also analyzed muscle tissue samples from raccoon dogs from the grounds of the Imperial Palace, the Akasaka Imperial Grounds (a green space close to the Imperial Palace), and the surrounding urban area, and then investigated the genetic structure and diversity of these populations, and the genetic differentiation among them. The population on the grounds of the Imperial Palace was genetically differentiated from that in the Akasaka Imperial Grounds, suggesting that the roads and buildings act as barriers to gene flow. In addition, the population on the grounds of the Imperial Palace showed greater genetic difference from that in the surrounding area than that in the Akasaka Imperial Grounds. We speculate that the moats around the Imperial Palace restrict individual ranges within the palace grounds and limit migration and gene flow to other areas.
Because ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is susceptible to frictional wear when used in sliding members of artificial joints, it is common practice to use cross-linked UHMWPE instead. ...However, cross-linked UHMWPE has low impact resistance; implant breakage has been reported in some cases. Hence, sliding members of artificial joints pose a major trade-off between wear resistance and impact resistance, which has not been resolved by any UHMWPE. On the other hand, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used in industrial products for reinforcement of polymeric materials but not used as biomaterials because of their unclear safety. In the present study, we attempted to solve this trade-off issue by complexing UHMWPE with MWCNTs. In addition, we assessed the safety of these composites for use in sliding members of artificial joints. The results showed the equivalence of MWCNT/UHMWPE composites to cross-linked UHMWPE in terms of wear resistance and to non-cross-linked UHMWPE in terms of impact resistance. In addition, all MWCNT/UHMWPE composites examined complied with the requirements of biosafety testing in accordance with the ISO10993-series specifications for implantable medical devices. Furthermore, because MWCNTs can occur alone in wear dust, MWCNTs in an amount of about 1.5 times that contained in the dust produced from 50 years of wear (in the worst case) were injected into rat knees, which were monitored for 26 weeks. Although mild inflammatory reactions occurred in the joints, the reactions soon became quiescent. In addition, the MWCNTs did not migrate to other organs. Furthermore, MWCNTs did not exhibit carcinogenicity when injected into the knees of mice genetically modified to spontaneously develop cancer. The MWCNT/UHMWPE composite is a new biomaterial expected to be safe for clinical applications in both total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty as the first sliding member of artificial joints to have both high wear resistance and high impact resistance.
This study aimed at developing a novel rebamipide liquid for an effective treatment of oral mucositis. The healing effects of a variety of liquids comprising submicronized rebamipide crystals were ...investigated using a rat cauterization-induced oral ulcer model. Whereas 2% rebamipide liquid comprising micro-crystals did not exhibit significant curative effect, 2% rebamipide liquids comprising submicronized crystals with moderate viscosities exhibited healing effects following intra-oral administration. The 2% and 4% optimized rebamipide liquids showed significant healing effects in the rat oral ulcer model (p<0.01). In addition, in the rat radiation-induced glossitis model, whereby the injury was caused to the tongue by exposing only around the rat’s snout to a 15 Gy of X-irradiation, the 2% optimized rebamipide liquid significantly reduced the percent area of ulcerated injury (p<0.05). In conclusion, the submicronized rebamipide liquid with moderate viscosity following intra-oral administration showed better both healing effect in the rat oral ulcer model and preventive effect in the rat irradiation-induced glossitis model.
Previous studies have shown decreased bone mineral density (BMD) due to an unknown mechanism in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) patients and described approaches to treatment for osteoporosis in EDS. To ...date, however, there is no established method of treatment. In this study, we investigated two patients with EDS to clarify the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in EDS patients with osteoporosis. We retrospectively enrolled two EDS patients with osteoporosis who underwent denosumab therapy. Patient 1 was a 59-year-old male with classical EDS and osteoporosis who received a 48-month course of denosumab therapy. His lumbar BMD and total hip BMD were 1.335 g/cm
and 0.762 g/cm
before treatment, respectively. Forty-eight months later, the lumbar and total hip BMD showed gains of 1.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Patient 2 was a 42-year-old male with vascular EDS and osteoporosis who received an 18-month course of denosumab therapy. His lumbar BMD and total hip BMD were 0.763 g/cm
and 0.583 g/cm
before treatment, respectively. Eighteen months later, the lumbar and total hip BMD showed gains of 5.0% and 1.8%, respectively. No fractures or other complications were recorded during the observational period in both cases. This is the first experience of denosmab therapy on patients with EDS and osteoporosis. Denosumab, administered safely with no serious adverse effects such as fractures, exerted a fluctuating but probably positive effect regarding BMD and could be a treatment option on these patients.
The fine movement of the toothbrush makes the old dog, which lacks the experience of brushing teeth, uncomfortable. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the process of brushing teeth in old dogs. ...In a previous study, we developed a new toothbrush for old dogs. The brush was for the dog, not for the owner, hence this change. In this study, we have investigated the usefulness of that toothbrush using a chin model of a beagle. First, we coated the chin model with artificial plaque(lipstick). Then, we brushed the model with either a commercially available toothbrush or the new toothbrush devised by us. We recorded the number of strokes, brushing time, and plaque removal effect. It was found that the number of strokes and brushing time tended to be lower with the new toothbrush. Therefore, the use of the new toothbrush can be expected to simplify the process of brushing teeth for old dogs. It is suggested that the owners of old dogs can use this toothbrush to introduce brushing of teeth to their dogs.
Background
Hydration is one parameter of skin barrier function. The Skicon‐200EX® and Corneometer CM825® are hygrometers used to measure skin hydration in humans based on different measurement ...methods. The ASA‐MX3® is a hygrometer used to obtain measurements at haired skin sites in humans.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To validate three hygrometers to measure skin dryness in dogs.
Animals
Six clinically normal research dogs.
Methods
In vivo evaluation of three hygrometers for three different skin types was performed. Measurement of hydration was performed at five different regional sites. Dry and moist skin were induced by treatment with a sorbent and petrolatum, respectively, and measurements were collected for 120 min. Skin sites with three different hair lengths were evaluated to determine whether hair would interfere with hydration measurements.
Results
All three hygrometers obtained measurements at the nonhaired skin sites, except the ASA‐MX3® hygrometer at the ear site. At the dry skin sites the Skicon‐200EX® hygrometer detected a significant decrease of water content for longer than the other devices. At the moist skin sites the Corneometer CM825® and ASA‐MX3® hygrometers showed a significant increase in water content. The ASA‐MX3® hygrometer was the only device that could obtain measurements at sites with hair.
Conclusions and clinical importance
The Skicon‐200EX® hygrometer was the most sensitive for detecting skin dryness, whereas the Corneometer CM825® and ASA‐MX3® hygrometers detected an emollient effect. Only the ASA‐MX3® could provide measurements at the haired sites. This study may assist in the selection of a hygrometer based on the purpose of use.
Résumé
Contexte
L'hydratation est un paramètre de la fonction barrière cutanée. Les hygromètres Skicon‐200EX® et Corneometer CM825® sont utilisés pour mesurer l'hydratation cutanée chez l'homme à partir de différentes méthodes de mesure. L’ASA‐MX3® est un hygromètre utilisé pour obtenir des mesures de la peau velue chez l'homme.
Hypothèses/Objectifs
Valider les trois hygromètres pour la mesure de la sécheresse cutanée chez le chien.
Sujets
Six chiens de laboratoire cliniquement sains.
Méthodes
L’évaluation in vivo des trois hygromètres pour les trois différents types de peau a été réalisée. La mesure de l'hydratation a été réalisée sur cinq zones différentes. Les peaux sèche et humide ont été réalisées respectivement avec un agent absorbant et de la vaseline et les mesures réalisées pendant 120 min. Les sites cutanés avec trois différentes longueurs de poils ont été évalués pour déterminer si les poils interféraient avec les mesures d'hydratation.
Résultats
Les trois hygromètres ont obtenus des mesures aux sites non‐velus, à l'exception du ASA‐MX3® au site auriculaire. Aux sites de peau sèche le Skicon‐200EX® a détecté une diminution significative d'eau contenue sur une durée plus longue que les autres appareils. Aux sites cutanés humides, les hygromètres Corneometer CM825® et ASAMX3® ont montré une augmentation significative du contenu en eau. L'hygromètre ASA‐MX3® était le seul appareil qui a pu obtenir des mesures aux sites velus.
Conclusions et importance clinique
L'hygromètre Skicon‐200EX® était le plus sensible pour la détection de la sécheresse cutanée tandis que les hygromètres Corneometer CM825® et ASA‐MX3® détectaient un effet émollient. Seul l’ASA‐MX3® a pu fournir des mesures aux sites cutanés velus. Cette étude peut aider dans le choix de l'hygromètre en fonction du but recherché.
Resumen
Introducción
La hidratación es un parámetro de la función de barrera cutánea. El Skicon‐200EX® y el Corneometer CM825® son higrómetros utilizados para medir la hidratación de la piel en seres humanos, basados en diferentes métodos de medición. El ASA‐MX3®es un higrómetro usado para obtener mediciones en sitios de piel con pelo en humanos.
Hipótesis/Objetivos
Validar tres higrómetros para medir la sequedad de la piel en perros.
Animales
Seis perros de investigación clínicamente normales.
Métodos
Se realizó la evaluación in vivo de tres higrómetros para tres tipos diferentes de piel. La medición de la hidratación se realizó en cinco regiones diferentes. La piel seca y húmeda se indujo por tratamiento con un absorbente y vaselina, respectivamente, y se recogieron las mediciones durante 120 min. Se evaluaron zonas de piel con tres longitudes de pelo diferentes para determinar si el cabello interferiría con las mediciones de hidratación.
Resultados
Los tres higrómetros obtuvieron mediciones en los sitios de la piel sin pelo, excepto el higrómetro ASA‐MX3® en la oreja. En los sitios con piel seca, el higrómetro Skicon‐200EX® detectó una disminución significativa del contenido de agua durante más tiempo que los otros dispositivos. En los sitios húmedos de la piel, los higrómetros Corneometer CM825® y ASA‐MX3® mostraron un aumento significativo en el contenido de agua. El higrómetro ASA‐MX3® fue el único dispositivo que pudo obtener mediciones en sitios con pelo.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
El higrómetro Skicon‐200EX® fue el más sensible para detectar la sequedad de la piel, mientras que los higrómetros Corneometer CM825® y ASA‐MX3® detectaron un efecto emoliente. Sólo el ASA‐MX3® podría proporcionar mediciones en los sitios de pelo. Este estudio puede ayudar en la selección de un higrómetro basado en el propósito de su uso.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Flüssigkeitszufuhr ist ein wichtiger Parameter der Funktion der Hautbarriere. Das Skicon‐200EX® und das Corneometer CM825® sind Hygrometer, die verwendet werden, um die Hydration beim Menschen mittels unterschiedlicher Messmethoden zu messen. Das ASA‐MX3® ist ein Hygrometer, welches verwendet wird um Messungen an behaarten Hautstellen beim Menschen durchzuführen.
Hypothese/Ziele
Eine Validierung der drei Hygrometer im Rahmen der Messung der Hauttrockenheit bei Hunden.
Tiere
Sechs klinisch normale Versuchshunde.
Methoden
Es wurde eine in vivo Evaluierung der drei Hygrometer an drei unterschiedlichen Hauttypen durchgeführt. Die Messung der Hydratation wurde an fünf verschiedenen Körperstellen durchgeführt. Es wurde trockene und feuchte Haut durch die Behandlung mit einem Sorptionsmittel bzw. mit Vaseline induziert und es wurden 120 Minuten lang Messungen gemacht. Es wurden Hautstellen mit drei verschieden langen Haarlängen evaluiert, um festzustellen, ob die Haare mit der Messung der Hydratation in Zusammenhang stehen.
Ergebnisse
Alle drei Hygrometer erzielten an den nicht behaarten Hautstellen Messungen, außer dem ASA‐MX3 Hygrometer an der Stelle des Ohres. An den Stellen mit trockener Haut stellte das Skicon‐200EX® Hygrometer länger einen signifikant verminderten Wassergehalt fest als die anderen Geräte. An den feuchten Hautstellen zeigten das Corneometer CM825® und das ASAMX3®Hygrometer eine signifikante Flüssigkeitszunahme. Das ASA‐MX3 Hygrometer war das einzige Gerät, welches an behaarten Hautstellen Messungen machen konnte.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Das Skicon‐200EX® Hygrometer war das sensibelste zur Feststellung von Trockenheit der Haut, während das Corneometer CM825® und das ASA‐MX3® Hygrometer einen Weichmachereffekt feststellen konnten. Nur das ASA‐MX3® konnte Messungen an behaarten Hautstellen vornehmen. Diese Studie könnte je nach Verwendungszweck bei der Selektion eines Hygrometers helfen.
要約
背景
皮膚の水分含有量は、皮膚バリア機能の一つのパラメータである。Skicon‐200EX®および Corneometer CM825®は、異なる測定方法に基づいて、人の皮膚水分含有量の測定に使用される水分量測定装置である。ASA‐MX3®は、人の被毛部の皮膚の測定に使用される水分量測定装置である。
仮説/目的
3つの水分量測定装置の、犬の皮膚の乾燥の測定に対する有効性を検証すること。
供与動物
6頭の臨床的に正常な実験犬。
方法
3つの異なる皮膚タイプに対する3つの水分量測定装置のin vivoでの評価を行った。水分量測定装置の測定は、5つの異なる部位で行った。乾燥した皮膚および潤った皮膚は、それぞれ吸着剤およびワセリンで処理することによって作成し、120分間かけて測定値を収集した。3つの異なる被毛の長さを有する皮膚部位を評価して、被毛が水分量測定に影響を与えるかどうかを判定した。
結果
ASA‐MX3®水分量測定装置は耳を用いたが、残りの水分量測定装置では、無毛部の皮膚より測定値を得た。乾燥した皮膚では、Skicon‐200EX®水分量測定装置が、他の装置よりも長い間、水分含有量の有意な減少を検出した。潤った皮膚では、Corneometer CM825®およびASAMX3®水分量測定装置において、水分含量の有意な増加を示した。ASA‐MX3®水分量測定装置は被毛部でも測定できる唯一の装置であった。
結論および臨床的な重要性
Skicon‐200EX®水分量測定装置は皮膚乾燥を検出するのに最も感度が高く、Corneometer CM825®およびASA‐MX3®水分量測定装置は皮膚の湿潤効果を検出した。ASA‐MX3®のみが被毛部でも測定することができた。この研究は、使用目的に基づいた水分量測定装置の選択の手助けとなり得る。
摘要
背景
水合状态是皮肤屏障功能的一个参数。基于不同测量方法的Skicon‐200EX®和Corneometer CM825®是用于测定人皮肤水合状态的湿度计。在人上,ASA‐MX3®是一款可用于测定被毛覆盖处皮肤位点水合状态的湿度计。
假设/目的
验证3种湿度计对犬皮肤干燥程度的测定。
动物
六只临床表现正常的犬。
方法
体内评估三种湿度计对三种不同皮肤类型的测定。选取5个不同的区域进行水和状态测定。干燥和湿润的皮肤分别通过使用吸附剂和凡士林处理而诱导产生,收集120min内的测量值。对三种不同毛发长度的皮肤位点进行评估,确定毛发是否会干扰水合状态的测定。
结果
三种湿度计在无毛皮肤位点均能获得测量值,仅ASA‐MX3®湿度计在耳部也适用。在干燥的皮肤位点,相比其他湿度计,Skicon‐200EX® 湿度计测得的含水量明显降低。在湿润的皮肤位点,Corneometer CM825® 和ASAMX3®湿度计测得的含水量明显增加。ASAMX3®湿度计是唯一能测定带毛皮肤位点的设备。
结论和临床意义
Skicon‐200EX® 湿度计检测干燥皮肤最敏感,然而,Corneometer CM825® 和ASAMX3®湿度计适合检测润肤效果。仅仅只有ASAMX3®湿度计能在带毛皮肤位点处进行测定。该研究有助于根据使用目的选择合适湿度计。
Resumo
Contexto
A hidratação é um parâmetro que avalia a função da barreira cutânea. O Skicon‐200EX® e o Corneômetro CM825® são higrômetros utilizados para mensurar a hidratação da pele em humanos, baseado em diferentes métodos. O ASA‐MX3® é um higrômetro utilizado para medir a hidratação da pele humana em locais pilosos.
Hipótese/Objetivos
Validar três higrômetros para mensurar a hidratação da pele de cães.
Animais
Seis cães de pesquisa clinicamente normais.
Métodos
Realizou‐se a avaliação in vivo dos três higrômetros em três tipos de pele diferentes. A mensuração da hidratação foi realizada em cinco locais diferentes. Houve indução redução e aumento de umidade para formar pele seca e pele úmida com o uso de um adsorvente e de petrolato, respectivamente, e a mensuração foi realizada por 120 minutos. Regiões cutâneas com diferentes densidades de pelo foram avaliadas para determinar se a pelagem iria ou não interferir na mensuração da hidratação.
Resultados
Todos os três higrômetros mensuraram a hidratação nas regiões de pele glabra, exceto o ASA‐MX3® na região da orelha. Nos locais de pele seca, o Skicon‐200EX® detectou uma redução significativa na quantidade de água por mais tempo que os outros dispositivos. Nos locais úmidos, o Corneômetro CM825® e o ASAMX3® demonst
Background
Application of herbal paste and oil to a dog's coat and body before rinsing (often combining with shampooing) is a cosmetic therapy available in Japan. It is highly appreciated by users, ...who claim that the treatment makes the coat shinier, improves volume and eliminates tangles. However, there has been no scientific evaluation of such treatments.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Improvement of hair condition is derived from oils such as sebum and conditioning oils because chemicals are not used. Therefore, we examined nonpolar lipids (the primary lipids in dog hair) and the botanical oils used in this therapy.
Animals
Hair samples were obtained from six beagle dogs.
Methods
Groups were based on different combinations of the following processes: rinsing, shampooing, herbal therapy and herbal therapy with oil extract. Analysis of lipids was performed by high performance thin layer chromatography.
Results
The processes of shampooing and herbal therapy were associated with an equivalent reduction in cholesterol ester and triglyceride (TG). However, hair treated by herbal therapy combined with oil extract had an almost three‐fold higher TG content, even after shampooing.
Conclusions and clinical importance
This study demonstrated that the herbal therapy was able to coat hair samples with TG that was not removed with rinsing. Further investigation is required to evaluate the possible benefits of the application of botanical products containing lipids, such as TG, on hair coat quality in dogs.
Résumé
Contexte
L'application de pommade et d'huiles végétales sur le pelage et la peau d'un chien avant rinçage (souvent en association avec un shampooing) est un traitement cosmétique disponible au Japon. Il est hautement apprécié par les utilisateurs qui rapportent que le traitement rend le pelage brillant et améliore le volume et le démêlage. Cependant, aucune évaluation scientifique n'existe à ce sujet.
Hypothèses/Objectifs
L'amélioration du pelage est dérivé d'huiles tels que le sébum et les huiles après‐shampooing, les produits chimiques n’étant pas utilisés. Ainsi, nous examinons les lipides non polaires (les lipides primaires du poil de chien) et les huiles végétales utilisés dans ce traitement.
Sujets
Les échantillons de poil ont été prélevés sur six chiens beagle.
Méthodes
Les groupes ont été formés par différentes combinaisons des procédures suivantes : rinçage, shampoing, traitement aux herbes et traitement aux herbes avec extrait d'huile. L'analyse de lipides a été réalisée par chromatographie à haute performance sur couche mince.
Résultats
Les procédures de shampooing et de traitement aux herbes étaient associées avec une diminution équivalente d'ester de cholestérol et de triglycéride (TG). Cependant, les poils traités par les herbes combinées à l'extrait d'huile avait presque trois fois plus de TG même après shampoing.
Conclusions et importance clinique
Cette étude démontre que le traitement végétal est capable d'enrober les échantillons de poil avec des TG qui n’était pas enlevé par rinçage. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour évaluer les bénéfices possibles de l'application de produits botaniques contenant des lipides, tels que les TG, sur la qualité du pelage des chiens.
Resumen
Introducción
La aplicación de pasta y aceite de hierbas al pelo y cuerpo de un perro y el cuerpo antes de enjuagar (a menudo en combinación con la aplicación de champú) es una terapia cosmética disponible en Japón. Es muy apreciado por los usuarios, que afirman que el tratamiento hace que el pelaje sea más brillante, mejora el volumen y elimina enredos de los pelos. Sin embargo, no ha habido evaluación científica de tales tratamientos.
Hipótesis/Objetivos
La mejora de la condición del cabello deriva de aceites como el sebo y los aceites acondicionadores porque no se utilizan productos químicos. Por lo tanto, se examinaron los lípidos no polares (los lípidos primarios en el pelo del perro) y los aceites botánicos utilizados en esta terapia.
Animales
Se obtuvieron muestras de pelo de seis perros de raza Beagle.
Métodos
Los grupos se basaron en diferentes combinaciones de los siguientes procesos: enjuague, lavado con champú, terapia con hierbas y terapia con extracto de aceite de hierbas. El análisis de lípidos se realizó mediante cromatografía de capa fina de alta resolución.
Resultados
Los procesos de lavado con champú y terapia de hierbas se asociaron con una reducción equivalente en éster de colesterol y triglicéridos (TG). Sin embargo, el cabello tratado con hierbas combinado con extracto de aceite tenía un contenido de TG casi tres veces mayor, incluso después de la aplicación de champú.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
Este estudio demostró que la terapia con extractos de hierbas fue capaz de cubrir las muestras de pelo con TG que no se eliminaron con el enjuague. Se requiere una investigación adicional para evaluar los posibles beneficios de la aplicación de productos botánicos que contienen lípidos, como TG, sobre la calidad del pelo en perros.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Japan gibt es eine kosmetische Therapie, bei der eine pflanzliche Paste und Öl auf das Fell und Körper des Hundes aufgetragen werden, bevor diese abgewaschen (oft in Kombination mit Shampoo) wird. Die Anwender sind davon begeistert und betonen, dass das Haarkleid dadurch glänzender wird, sich an Volumen verbessert und Haarverfilzungen weniger häufig auftreten. Es gibt jedoch bisher keine wissenschaftliche Evaluierung derartiger Behandlungen.
Hypothese/Ziele
Die Verbesserung des Haarkleids wird auf Öle wie Sebum und Konditionierer zurückgeführt, da keine Chemikalien im Einsatz sind. Daher haben wir nicht‐polare Lipide (die Primärlipide im Hundehaar) und die botanischen Öle, die bei dieser Behandlung eingesetzt werden, untersucht.
Tiere
Es wurden von sechs Beagles Haarproben genommen.
Methoden
Die Gruppen wurden der Therapie entsprechend eingeteilt: abspülen, shampoonieren, pflanzliche Therapie und pflanzliche Therapie mit Ölextrakten. Eine Analyse der Lipide wurde mittels High Performance Dünnschichtchromatografie durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Das Procedere des Shampoonierens und der pflanzlichen Therapie wurde mit einer entsprechenden Reduzierung der Cholesterolester und Triglyzeride (TG) im Zusammenhang gesehen. Haare, die mit pflanzlicher Therapie mit Ölextrakten behandelt worden waren, zeigten jedoch, selbst nach dem Shampoonieren, einen fast dreifach höheren TG Gehalt.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Diese Studie zeigte, dass die pflanzliche Therapie imstande war, die Haarproben mit TG einzuhüllen, welche durch das Abspülen nicht wieder entfernt wurden. Eine weitere Untersuchung ist nötig, um die möglichen Vorteile der Applikation von pflanzlichen Produkten, welche Lipide, wie TG, enthalten, auf die Haarqualität von Hunden, zu untersuchen.
Resumo
Contexto
A aplicação de pasta herbal e óleo na pelagem e no corpo de cães antes do enxague (muitas vezes associado ao xampú) é um tratamento cosmético disponível no Japão. Esta terapia é muito apreciada pelos usuários, que relatam o maior brilho da pelagem, melhora no volume e eliminação de nós. Entretanto, a avaliação científica destes tratamentos não foi realizada.
Hipótese/Objetivos
A melhora na condição da pelagem é derivada dos óleos tipo sebo e óleos condicionadores, já que substâncias químicas não são utilizadas. Desta forma, lipídeos apolares (os principais lipídeos na pelagem dos cães) e os óleos botânicos usados nesse tratamento foram analisados.
Animais
Amostras de pelos foram obtidas de seis cães da raça beagle.
Métodos
Os grupos foram separados baseado em diferentes combinações dos seguintes processos: enxague, xampu, terapia herbal e terapia herbal com extrato de óleo. A análise dos lipídeos foi realizada por cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance.
Resultados
Os processos de lavagem com xampu e terapia herbal foram associadas a uma redução equivalente de colesterol e triglicerídeos (TG). Entretanto, o pelo tratado com a terapia herbal combinada com o extrato de óleo obteve uma cobertura de TG significativamente maior, mesmo após lavagem com xampu.
Conclusões e importância clínica
Este estudo demonstrou que a terapia herbal foi capaz de fazer uma cobertura de TG nas amostras de pelo, que não foi removida após enxague. Estudos posteriores são necessários para avaliar os possíveis benefícios da aplicação de produtos botânicos contendo lipídeos, com TG, na qualidade da pelagem de cães.
要約
背景
日本では、リンス前にハーブペーストとオイルを犬の被毛や体へ塗布する美容療法(シャンプーと組み合わせることが多い)が利用可能である。この療法は、被毛の光沢や量が増し、毛のもつれを改善されるとして、オーナーから高く評価されている。しかしながら、このような治療法について科学的検証はなされていない。
仮説/目的
本治療には、化学物質が使用されないため、被毛状態の改善は、皮脂およびコンディショニングオイルなどの油に由来している。したがって我々は、非極性脂質(犬の被毛の主要脂質)および本治療で使用された植物性油を調査した。
供与動物
6頭のビーグル犬から得た被毛サンプル。
方法
リンス、シャンプー、ハーブ療法、オイル抽出液を併用したハーブ療法の組み合わせにより各グループを作成した。脂質の分析は、高性能薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いて実施した。
結果
シャンプーおよびハーブ療法では、コレステロールエステルおよびトリグリセリド(TG)が同程度に減少した。しかし、オイル抽出液を使用したハーブ療法では、被毛のTG含有量がほぼ3倍で、これはシャンプー後であっても同じであった。
結論および臨床的な重要性
本研究は、ハーブ療法が、リンスで除去されなかったTGを被毛サンプルにコーティングすることができたことを証明した。TGなどの脂質を含む植物性製品の塗布が、犬の毛並みもたらす潜在的な有益性を評価するために、さらなる調査が必要である。
摘要
背景
对犬的皮毛和身体涂抹草药膏和油(经常结合香波洗澡),然后冲洗,是日本的一种的美容治疗。这受到使用者的高度赞扬,他们表示治疗使得毛发更光亮,增加了毛发总量,并去除了打结的毛。但是,这种治疗并未得到科学性的评估。
目的
皮脂为毛发提供油脂,可改善毛发状态,由于调理油是化学物质而未使用。因此,我们检测在治疗中使用的非极性脂质(犬毛发中的重要脂质)和植物油。
动物
从六只比格犬处获得毛发样本。
方法
基于如下过程而分组:冲洗、香波洗浴、草药治疗、草药与萃取油治疗。使用高分层薄层色谱分析法分析脂质。
结果
香波洗浴和草药治疗过程,使毛发胆固醇和甘油三酯等量减少。但是,经过草药与萃取油治疗的毛发中,甚至是在用香波洗浴后,甘油三酯含量几乎高了三倍。
结论和临床意义
研究表明,草药治疗能够使毛发中的甘油三酯不随着冲洗而流失。用含甘油三脂这类脂质的植物产品涂抹,对改善犬被毛质量带来的好处,需要更多调查评估。
Background – Application of herbal paste and oil to a dog's coat and body before rinsing (often combining with shampooing) is a cosmetic therapy available in Japan. It is highly appreciated by users, who claim that the treatment makes the coat shinier, improves volume and eliminates tangles. However, there has been no scientific evaluation of such treatments. Hypothesis/Objectives – Improvement of hair condition is derived from oils such as sebum and conditioning oils because chemicals are not
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