The study aimed to assess the impact of an attachment-based intervention on adolescent adaptation to parental divorce. The Adolescent Adjustment Pilot Program to Parental Divorce (AAPPD) employed an ...experimental group format, targeting improvements in various adaptation indicators (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The sample comprised 30 Chilean adolescents aged 12 to 16 (M = 13.6, SD = 1.35), with 60% females and 40% males. After the intervention, the adolescents showed a decrease in negative affect at 6 and 12 months. However, no differences were identified in other dimensions of subjective well-being considered as indicators of divorce adaptation. The findings prompt discussion on theoretical and clinical implications.
Very little attention has been paid to identifying the differential characteristics of primary and secondary dementia caregivers. The aims of this study were: to determine whether differences exist ...between primary and secondary caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) and to explore the profile of primary and secondary caregivers reporting symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. The participants were 146 caregivers of PwD, 73 primary caregivers and 73 secondary caregivers. The results revealed different patterns for each type of caregiver. Primary caregivers showed a more negative profile in terms of poorer self-rated health and higher levels of anxiety and depression: 61.6% of primary and 42.5% of secondary caregivers reported symptoms of anxiety, and 24.7% and 11% reported depression, respectively. The frequency of problem behavior, subjective burden, health, and the comorbidity between anxiety and depression were associated with depression and anxiety among primary caregivers, whereas gender (being a woman), subjective burden, health, and the comorbidity between anxiety and depression were associated among secondary caregivers. These findings may help to guide professionals in targeting psychological support programs and customizing the strategies and skills that need to be provided in accordance with the type of caregiver in question: primary or secondary. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.
This study investigated the prevalence of weight control and binge eating behaviors in a sample of 767 adolescent girls aged 16–20 years, and the differences between adolescents with and without ...altered eating behaviors regarding anthropometric and body image variables and beliefs associated with eating disorders. Adolescents who engaged in unhealthy strategies were found to be at a higher risk of eating disorders, since these behaviors were accompanied by higher levels of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction, as well as by beliefs associated with the importance of weight and body shape as a means of personal and social acceptance.
Effective group psychological therapies in the chronic phases of schizophrenia are rare. This paper describes the results of testing a group therapy that includes integrated psychological therapy ...(IPT) together with an adaptation of emotional management therapy (EMT), delivered in a sample of outpatients with chronic schizophrenia.
42 patients received the psychological intervention during eight months and they were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up.
The program was well accepted, and there was only one dropped out during the therapy and 2 hospital admissions during the 20 months of contact with patients along the study. Improvements were observed in cognition, social functioning, and quality of life after the treatment, and these results were maintained to the long-term follow-up. To summarize, patients were better 12 months after the treatment than in baseline.
the integrative psychological program applied was effective and it was well accepted and could be used in public mental health services as a protective factor, reducing hospitalizations, preventing cognitive decline, helping patients to manage their daily worries and making them feel more supported.
Online interventions focused on mitigating the negative impact of care on family caregivers of people with dementia have become increasingly popular recently. The aim of this systematic review and ...meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of these online support programs and to assess whether they do indeed enhance participants' wellbeing. A systematic literature search of 5 scientific databases was performed: PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Online interventions published between January 2014 and July 2018 targeted at informal family caregivers of people with dementia living at home were systemically reviewed. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or studies with quasi-experimental designs were found. The characteristics of the interventions varied widely, as did their duration and results. In general, the effect size found was medium-small, despite the high methodological quality of the studies. The results reveal that online support interventions are a valid resource for improving caregivers' psychological wellbeing, including depression, anxiety, burden and caregiving competence. The best results were found for multi-component interventions: psychoeducation, training in psychological strategies and skills, professional support and online forums or support groups with other caregivers. The meta-analysis indicated that family caregivers' depression levels were reduced in the intervention group (Hedges' g = −0.21, 95% confidence interval of -0.410 to -0.025; z = −2.216: p = 0.027), although no significant differences were observed between the mean changes found in the intervention and control groups in relation to anxiety, burden or competence.
Online interventions targeted at family caregivers can help improve their psychological wellbeing. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials are required, with rigorous methodological criteria, in order to provide further evidence of the utility of these interventions which seem to be effective.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Research suggests that transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals experience lower levels of psychological well-being than the general population. Although practice recommendations and guidelines ...exist, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the effects of psychological interventions on this group. This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze existing empirical affirmative psychological interventions for TGNB individuals to assess their efficacy. Eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar) were searched from January 2010 to June 2022 to identify relevant studies. Included studies needed to be randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, or uncontrolled pre-post. Twenty-two articles were included, of which eight had TGNB participants only, two had mixed samples with separated outcome data for TGNB participants, and 12 had mixed samples with no disaggregated data. Experimental designs, participant samples, assessed variables, and type of interventions varied widely across studies, thus preventing comparisons. Overall results suggest improvements in psychological distress, depression, anxiety, suicidality, substance-related risk behaviors, coping skills/emotion regulation, stress appraisal, self-esteem, self-acceptance, social support, minority stress, resilience, hope, positive identity, and identity acceptance, although conclusions are limited by moderate-to-high risk of bias. Future research should implement more consistent and rigorous methodological designs to assess and compare intervention efficacy.
•Transgender and non-binary individuals show low levels of psychological well-being.•Studies gauging the effects of psychological treatments for this group are scarce.•Results suggest improvements in mental health and gender minority stress variables.•The quality of evidence was moderate-to-low, so more rigorous research is needed.
Objective: Establish the relationship between the types of traumatic experiences, number of traumas, age at the time of traumatic events with psychopathological symptoms and aggression in an ...Ecuadorian prison. Method: A cross-sectional study with 101 offenders from Ambato's Detention Center in Ecuador. Results: Of the prisoners in this sample, 27 have PTSD. Incarcerated individuals who have suffered intentional trauma, multiple traumas, and trauma before the age of 18 show higher levels of psychopathological symptoms and aggression. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of mental health care in prisons. Research outcomes are relevant for future investigation in Latin American prisons for the design and implementation of trauma-related interventions. Trauma-focused interventions can prevent violence and mitigate its consequences.
Clinical Impact Statement
In Latin America, particularly in Ecuador, the prison population has less access to psychological services. For this reason, it is important to carry out studies that involve psychological evaluations and treatments. Offenders, particularly those who have suffered intentional trauma, traumatic events under the age of 18, and multiple traumas, show higher levels of psychopathological symptoms and aggression. Diagnosis is relevant for the implementation of adequate interventions and for social rehabilitation. In this sense, interventions that focus on psychological trauma allow opportunities to prevent mental health problems and violence and to mitigate its consequences. Furthermore, the impact of the intervention could reflect in a higher level of mental health in offenders.
Research on penitentiary recidivism is an essential topic for the prevention of crime because, at the time of release, inmates with a high risk of committing crimes do not usually have the necessary ...tools to cope with the challenges of community life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify criminal personality and psychopathological characteristics related to recidivism. The sample made up of 89 (n = 49 non-recidivists, n = 40 recidivists) inmates in a prison in Ecuador. The results showed that recidivist inmates, unlike non-recidivist inmates, present antisocial, borderline, and aggressive-sadistic personality, higher alcohol and drug dependence, and higher levels of physical aggression. From a criminal viewpoint, recidivist inmates commit more crimes against property; a larger proportion presented a history of juvenile delinquency and more disciplinary records in adult prison. Consequently, the results indicate the need to design and implement specific interventions to reduce recidivism in these offenders.
Objective: This paper describes the results of testing a multi-component psychological therapy that includes integrated psychological therapy (IPT), together with an adaptation of emotional ...management therapy (EMT), versus treatment as usual (TAU), delivered in a community mental health setting for individual with chronic schizophrenia. We investigated the effectiveness of a psychological intervention on clinical symptoms, cognitive and social functioning, as well as the feasibility of treatment and its acceptance. Method: 77 outpatients were recruited, 42 in the experimental group, who were treated with IPT + EMT, and 35 participants in control condition (TAU), both during 8 months. The subjects of both groups were assessed pre and postreatment. Results: Treatment attendance was 98% in experimental group and none of patients required hospital admission during therapy, meanwhile 11 patients from the TAU group withdrew and 3 were hospitalized during therapy. After therapy, patients in the experimental group compared to TAU, reduced clinical symptoms and improved cognitive functioning and quality of life. Conclusion: Psychological therapy seems to be a feasible intervention even in the chronic stages of the disease
Families of people affected by mental illness may suffer an adverse effect on well-being. In this study, the effectiveness of a cognitive–behavioral treatment designed for relatives of people with ...mental health problems was evaluated. The sample comprised 50 individuals: 30 in the experimental group, who completed assessment measures in pre–posttreatment and 6 months later, and 20 participants in the control group, who were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. In the experimental group, significant improvements in well-being were observed following the treatment and 6 months later, when compared to the control group, which did not demonstrate any significant changes in outcomes between the baseline and the second assessment 6 months later. This program has proven to be effective as a treatment for the relatives of people with mental disorders. Finally, several topics that may contribute to future research are discussed.
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