► Sicilian vineyards are prone to erosion risks. ► Pole method measure erosion rates in a longer period. ► Planting the appropriate cover crops decreases soil erosion.
Mediterranean crops favor high ...erosion rates. Vineyards use to reach the highest soil and water losses due to the lack of vegetation cover. A topographical approach by means of the use of vineyards poles as fixed reference point as erosion markers allowed to quantify high and non-sustainable soil erosion rates on the Sicilian vineyards during 9 years. In order to develop strategies to control the soil losses, seven land managements were selected and applied in a typical blanc wine grape irrigated vineyard located in southwestern Sicily. Comparable plots were managed traditionally using conventional tillage and alternatively using various cover crops: (1)
Vicia faba; (2)
V. faba and
Vicia sativa; (3)
Trifolium subterraneum,
Festuca rubra, and
Lolium perenne; (4)
T. subterraneum,
F. rubra, and
Festuca ovina; (5)
Triticum durum; and (6)
T. durum and
V. sativa. To estimate the soil losses the
C factor of the USLE was calculated. And to monitor the water and sediment yield, Gerlach troughs were installed on the vineyard inter-row. Runoff and erosion were measured after each rainfall event from November 2005 to April 2007. Both runoff and erosion were significantly reduced when cover crops of
T. subterraneum,
F. rubra, and
L. perenne; and
T. subterraneum,
F. rubra, and
F. ovina were sown. The least effective management systems for soil erosion were conventional tillage and alternative management using the
V. faba cover crop. Our results suggest that planting the appropriate cover crops provides an effective soil and water management system for Sicilian vineyards which will make sustainable the wine and grapes production under Mediterranean climate conditions.
Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™11ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration., have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear ...Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120mm, the axial detector length is 110mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view.
Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2ns FWHM and 4.8ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37mm to 1.61mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.
K
S
0,
Λ,
Ξ,
Ω and negative particle yields and transverse mass spectra have been measured at central rapidity in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions at 158
A GeV/
c. Yields are studied as a function of the ...number of nucleons participating in the collision
N
part, which is estimated with the Glauber model. From p–Pb to Pb–Pb collisions the particle yields per participant increase substantially. The enhancement is more pronounced for multistrange particles, and exceeds an order of magnitude for the
Ω. For a number of participants,
N
part, greater than 100, however, all yields per participant appear to be constant.
A new pixel readout prototype has been developed at CERN for high-energy physics applications. This full mixed mode circuit has been implemented in a commercial 0.5
μm CMOS technology. Its radiation ...tolerance has been enhanced by designing all NMOS transistors in enclosed geometry and introducing guardrings wherever necessary. The technique is explained and its effectiveness demonstrated on various irradiation measurements on individual transistors and on the prototype. Circuit performance started to degrade only after a total dose of 600
krad–1.7 Mrad depending on the type of radiation. 10
keV X-rays,
60
Co
gamma-rays, 6.5
MeV protons, and minimum ionizing particles were used. Implications of this layout approach on the circuit design and perspectives for even deeper submicron technologies are discussed.
The ClearPET project Auffray, E; Bruyndonckx, P; Devroede, O ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2004, Letnik:
527, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Crystal Clear Collaboration has designed and is building a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The design is based on the use of the Hamamatsu R7600-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube and ...a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix with one to one coupling between the crystals and the photo-detector. The complete system will have 80 PM tubes in four rings with an inner diameter of 137mm and an axial field of view of 110mm. The PM pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Simulations, and measurements a 2×4 module test set-up predict a spatial resolution of 1.5mm in the centre of the field of view and a sensitivity of 5.9% for a point source in the centre of the field of view.
Characteristics of recently developed arrays of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are investigated with the perspective of replacing photomultiplier tubes in small animal positron emission tomography. ...Quantum efficiency of the APDs is measured as a function of wavelength in the VIS–UV region. Gain and capacitance are determined at fixed temperatures as a function of bias voltage. Finally, bulk and surface contributions to the dark current are estimated.
The LHCb Detector at the LHC Drancourt, C; Rambure, T; Bohner, G ...
Journal of instrumentation,
2008, Letnik:
3, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected ...performance of the detector and associated systems, as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies, is described.
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