Background and Objective: There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type‐2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and ...increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end‐products may alter the host response against bacterial infection. However, no agreement has been reached regarding the effect of DM on periodontal subgingival microbiota. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
Material and methods: Twelve subjects with uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin > 8%) and eleven nondiabetic subjects presenting severe and generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Subgingival biofilm from periodontal pockets > 5 mm were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing technique.
Results: Significant differences were observed in subgingival microbiota between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects presented higher percentages of total clones of TM7, Aggregatibacter, Neisseria, Gemella, Eikenella, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus genera, and lower percentages of Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Synergistetes, Tannerella and Treponema genera than nondiabetic individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, some phylotypes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, V. dispar and Eikenella corrodens were detected significantly more often in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Subjects with uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis presented significant dissimilarities in subgingival biodiversity compared with nondiabetic subjects.
Background and Objective
Occlusal trauma (OT) and smoking are both factors that alter alveolar bone metabolism and therefore could synergistically act on alveolar bone loss. The aim of this ...experimental study was to evaluate the influence of short‐term cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inter‐radicular alveolar bone loss promoted by primary OT in a rat model.
Material and Methods
Forty‐eight animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on treatment type: OT + CSI (n = 16), animals were exposed to CSI three times per day, for 8 min per exposure, and they concomitantly received unilateral vertical augmentation creating an occlusal interference inducing experimental OT; OT (n = 16), animals received only unilateral vertical augmentation; negative control (NC; n = 16), animals maintained for equal periods to achieve periodontal baseline values of periodontal ligament dimension. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 8) based on treatment length: 7 or 14 d.
Results
After 7 d, the OT + CSI group exhibited significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC group (p = 0.0022). After 14 d, the OT (p < 0.0001) and OT + CSI (p < 0.0001) groups presented significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC group, and OT + CSI resulted in significantly higher bone loss than OT alone (p = 0.0241). The number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive cells on the linear surface of the bone crest after 7 d was significantly higher in the OT + CSI group as compared to the NC and OT groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0045, respectively) and remained significantly higher in the OT + CSI group after 14 d, compared to the OT group (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Short‐term CSI increases early bone loss in association with OT after 7 d, and this worsens in severity after 14 d of exposure.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological factors associated with orthodontic appliances during an episode of gingival inflammation and the impact of appliance removal ...on periodontal health. This prospective study included 10 patients, aged 12 to 20 years, with clinical signs of gingival inflammation at the final phase of orthodontic treatment (appliance removal). Plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth were evaluated, and microbiological samples were collected from teeth 16, 11, and 26 at 2 times: during the gingival inflammation (baseline) and 30 days after the removal of the appliance and professional prophylaxis. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect
Porphyromonas gingivalis,
Bacteroides forsythus,
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,
Prevotella intermedia, and
Prevotella nigrescens. A statistically significant improvement of the plaque and gingival indexes was seen, as well as a reduction in probing depth (
P < .05). Periodontal pathogens were associated with gingival inflammation during orthodontic treatment. The improvement in periodontal health at 30 days was concomitant with a reduction of sites positive for
A. actinomycetemcomitans and
B. forsythus (
P < .05). Periodontal pathogens associated with gingival inflammation during orthodontic treatment can be significantly reduced by orthodontic appliance removal and professional prophylaxis.
Objective
To determine the overall prevalence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and to compare clinical and laboratory features in a large population of children and adult lupus patients at ...diagnosis.
Methods
This retrospective study evaluated the medical charts of 336 childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and 1830 adult SLE (aSLE) patients followed in the same tertiary hospital. Demographic data, clinical features and disease activity were recorded. AIHA was defined according to the presence of anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dL) and evidence of hemolysis (reticulocytosis and positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT)/Coombs test) at SLE diagnosis. Evans syndrome (ES) was defined by the combination of immune thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/mm3) and AIHA.
Results
The frequency of AIHA at diagnosis was significantly higher in cSLE patients compared to aSLE (49/336 (14%) vs 49/1830 (3%), p = 0.0001), with similar frequency of ES (3/336 (0.9%) vs 10/1830 (0.5%), p = 0.438). The median of hemoglobin levels was reduced in cSLE vs aSLE patients (8.3 (2.2–10) vs 9.5 (6.6–10) g/dL, p = 0.002) with a higher frequency of multiple hemorrhagic manifestations (41% vs 7%, p = 0.041) and erythrocyte transfusion due to bleeding (24% vs 5%, p = 0.025). cSLE patients also had more often constitutional involvement (84% vs 31%, p < 0.001), fever (65% vs 26%, p < 0.001), weight loss > 2 kg (39% vs 6%, p < 0.001), reticuloendothelial manifestations (48% vs 8%, p < 0.001), hepatomegaly (25% vs 2%, p < 0.001) and splenomegaly (21% vs 2%, p = 0.004). Other major organ involvements were common but with similar frequencies in cSLE and aSLE (p > 0.05). Median systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) was comparable in cSLE and aSLE (p = 0.161).
Conclusions
We identified that AIHA was not a common condition in cSLE and aSLE, with distinct features characterized by a higher prevalence/severity in children and concomitant constitutional symptoms in the majority of them.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
Anti-ribosomal P protein (anti-P) autoantibodies are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the evaluation of this autoantibody in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) ...populations has been limited to a few small series, hampering the interpretation of the clinical and laboratorial associations. Therefore, the objective of this multicenter cohort study was to evaluate demographic, clinical/laboratorial features, and disease damage score in cSLE patients with and without the presence of anti-P antibody.
Methods
This was a retrospective multicenter study performed in 10 pediatric rheumatology services of São Paulo state, Brazil. Anti-P antibodies were measured by ELISA in 228 cSLE patients.
Results
Anti-P antibodies were observed in 61/228 (27%) cSLE patients. Frequencies of cumulative lymphadenopathy (29% vs. 15%, p = 0.014), acute confusional state (13% vs. 5%, p = 0.041), mood disorder (18% vs. 8%, p = 0.041), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (34% vs. 15%, p = 0.001), as well as presence of anti-Sm (67% vs. 40%, p = 0.001), anti-RNP (39% vs. 21%, p = 0.012) and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies (43% vs. 25%, p = 0.016) were significantly higher in cSLE patients with anti-P antibodies compared to those without these autoantibodies. A multiple regression model revealed that anti-P antibodies were associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.758, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.304–5.833, p = 0.008) and anti-Sm antibody (OR = 2.719, 95% CI: 1.365–5.418, p = 0.004). The SLICC/ACR damage index was comparable in patients with and without anti-P antibodies (p = 0.780).
Conclusions
The novel association of anti-P antibodies and autoimmune hemolytic anemia was evidenced in cSLE patients and further studies are necessary to determine if anti-P titers may vary with this hematological manifestation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) in three different age groups evaluated at last visit: group A early-onset disease (<6 ...years), group B school age (≥6 and <12 years) and group C adolescent (≥12 and <18 years).
Methods
An observational cohort study was performed in ten pediatric rheumatology centers, including 847 cSLE patients.
Results
Group A had 39 (4%), B 395 (47%) and C 413 (49%). Median disease duration was significantly higher in group A compared to groups B and C (8.3 (0.1–23.4) vs 6.2 (0–17) vs 3.3 (0–14.6) years, p < 0.0001). The median Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI) (0 (0–9) vs 0 (0–6) vs 0 (0–7), p = 0.065) was comparable in the three groups. Further analysis of organ/system damage revealed that frequencies of neuropsychiatric (21% vs 10% vs 7%, p = 0.007), skin (10% vs 1% vs 3%, p = 0.002) and peripheral vascular involvements (5% vs 3% vs 0.3%, p = 0.008) were more often observed in group A compared to groups B and C. Frequencies of severe cumulative lupus manifestations such as nephritis, thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). Mortality rate was significantly higher in group A compared to groups B and C (15% vs 10% vs 6%, p = 0.028). Out of 69 deaths, 33/69 (48%) occurred within the first two years after diagnosis. Infections accounted for 54/69 (78%) of the deaths and 38/54 (70%) had concomitant disease activity.
Conclusions
This large multicenter study provided evidence that early-onset cSLE group had distinct outcomes. This group was characterized by higher mortality rate and neuropsychiatric/vascular/skin organ damage in spite of comparable frequencies of severe cumulative lupus manifestations. We also identified that overall death in cSLE patients was an early event mainly attributed to infection associated with disease activity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To perform systematic assessment of ovarian reserve markers using a combination of tests in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients without amenorrhoea.
Twenty-seven consecutive JSLE ...female patients and 13 healthy controls without amenorrhoea were evaluated for 6 months. Ovarian reserve was assessed during early follicular phase by serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), estradiol, inhibin A, inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Ovarian size was measured by abdominal ultrasonography. Demographic data, disease activity, damage and treatment were also analysed.
The median of current age was similar in JSLE patients and controls (16.5 vs. 15years, p=0.31) with a significantly higher age at menarche (13 vs. 12years, p=0.03). A trend of lower median total antral follicle count was observed in JSLE compared to controls (9 vs. 14.5, p=0.062) with similar median of other ovarian reserve parameters (p>0.05). Further evaluation of patients treated with cyclophosphamide and those without this treatment revealed a higher median FSH levels (6.4 vs. 4.6 IU/L, p=0.023). Inhibin B, AMH levels and ovarian volume were also lower but did not reach statistical significance (10.8 vs. 27.6 pg/mL, p=0.175; 0.6 vs. 1.5 ng/mL, p=0.276; 3.4 vs. 5 cm3, p=0.133; respectively). LH (2.7 vs. 2.9 IU/L, p=0.43), estradiol (50 vs. 38 pg/mL, p=0.337) and inhibin A (1.1 vs. 0 pg/mL, p=0.489) levels were comparable in both groups.
Our study suggests that ovarian reserve after cyclophosphamide treatment may be hampered in spite of the presence of menstrual cycles emphasising the relevance of gonadal protection during the use of this alkylating agent.
Objective
The present study assessed the effect of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in an experimental gingivitis model.
Material and Methods
Twenty‐four healthy ...dental students were divided into two groups: smokers (n = 10); and nonsmokers (n = 14). Stents were used to prevent biofilm removal during brushing. Visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were determined 5‐ on day ‐7 (running phase), baseline, 21 d (experimental gingivitis) and 28 d (resolution phase). Supragingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid were collected and assayed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization and a multiplex analysis, respectively. Intragroup comparison was performed by Friedman and Dunn's multiple comparison tests, whereas the Mann–Whitney U‐test was applied for intergroup analyses.
Results
Cessation of oral hygiene resulted in a significant increase in VPI, GBI and gingival crevicular fluid volume in both groups, which returned to baseline levels 7 d after oral hygiene was resumed. Smokers presented lower GBI than did nonsmokers (p < 0.05) at day 21. Smokers had higher total bacterial counts and higher proportions of red‐ and orange complex bacteria, as well as lower proportions of Actinomyces spp., and of purple‐ and yellow‐complex bacteria (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of key immune‐regulatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐17 and interferon‐γ, were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Smokers and nonsmokers developed gingival inflammation after supragingival biofilm accumulation, but smokers had less bleeding, higher proportions of periodontal pathogens and distinct host‐response patterns during the course of experimental gingivitis.
The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of ...oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA).
Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced.
Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum Firmicutes, in coronary balloons, Proteobacteria (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas and Moraxella, while in subgingival samples Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter and Treponema (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries.
Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chalcones have gained attention due to their wide range of biological activities, including
anticancer
,
antimalarial
,
antimicrobial
,
antitubercular
,
antimutagenic
,
anti-inflammatory
, and
...anti-diabetic
effects, as well as their physical properties on nonlinear optical materials. This work describes the synthesis and extensive characterization of a new chalcone (2
E
)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surfaces were employed to analyze the molecular structure and supramolecular arrangement (stabilized primarily by O
2
–H
2
⋯O
1
and C
15
–H
15
⋯O
1
hydrogen bonds). The frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential maps were obtained to predict the chemical reactivity properties. The
structured media
supermolecule approach reaffirms its accuracy in gauging the dipole moment of crystals during their electric polarization processes. The significant shifts observed in molecular optical behaviors when placed within crystalline environments reinforce the impactful role of surroundings on both electrical and optical properties. This paper not only sheds light on the unique properties of the title compound but also underscores the potential applications of chalcones in both biological and material sciences.
Graphical abstract
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