Functional activations of the human brain cortex were observed with a standard 1.5-tesla MR imaging system using a long time echo fast low-angle shot sequence. Neural activation increases regional ...cerebral blood flow resulting in increased capillaries and venous blood oxygenation. Processing requires adapted algorithms because the time course of intensity signal showed fluctuations of the baseline. The use of a 'follow-up' method to generate activation maps is proposed. Brain activation was detected in striate cortex during photic stimulation and in sensorimotor areas while subjects were moving their hands. In mental imagery tasks, we observed a primary and secondary visual cortex activation during memory recall of the flashing light. Motor ideation showed an activation of the rolandic areas.
Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) are a family of gamma -ketoaldehydes, aka isoketals or neuroketals, that are generated by free radical-induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids. ...Because of their high reactivity toward epsilon -amino groups of lysyl residues, isoLGs are found as protein adducts in vivo. Plasma levels of isoLG-derived protein modifications are orders of magnitude higher than levels of the corresponding isoprostane. This suggests that while isoprostanes are rapidly cleared from the circulation, isoLG-protein adducts accumulate over the lifetime of the protein, which can be weeks, and this may provide a dosimeter for oxidant stress. We now confirm the postulated formation of the first D series isoLG, iso7LGD sub(2), by free radical-induced oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in vitro. We also show that iso7LGD sub(2)-protein adduct levels in blood are the highest known for an isoLG-derived epitope. They average 30-fold higher than isoLGE sub(2)-protein and 3-fold higher than iso4LGE sub(2)-protein levels. Similarly, iso7LGD sub(2)-derived epitope levels in oxidized low density lipoprotein are 20 times higher than isoLGE sub(2)-protein and five times higher than iso4LGE sub(2)-protein levels. Previous studies showed that plasma levels of protein-bound E series isoLGs, i.e., isoLGE sub(2) and iso4LGE sub(2), are elevated in individuals with atherosclerosis as compared with age-matched controls. Plasma iso7LGD sub(2)-protein immunoreactivity in individuals with atherosclerosis averages 8.5 plus or minus 3.1 nmol/mL, significantly higher (P = 0.01) than the 3.5 plus or minus 0.1 nmol/mL in healthy controls. Plasma levels of iso7LGD sub(2)-protein adducts are strongly correlated with iso4LGE sub(2)- (r = 0.933) and isoLGE sub(2)-protein adducts (r = 0.877). This supports the hypothesis that isoLGs are generated in vivo by parallel competing radical-induced pathways.
The goals of basic research in psychology are better understanding of human nature through the development of conceptual tools, whereas the goals of applied research are the improvement of human life ...through the scientifically-based design and implementation of practical solutions. Basic research is conclusion oriented whereas applied research is decision oriented. While essentially different the relations between the 2 domains are reciprocal. Illustrates this point with research. (JLN)
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Discusses the failure of research on media to deal with media's most essential characteristic--their symbol systems. The general nature of symbol systems is described, followed by a theoretical ...consideration of how symbol systems relate to cognition and learning. Empirical research is cited to show that media's symbol systems vary as to content, the kinds of knowledge availed, the amount of mental elaboration required, and the mental skills called upon. In addition, studies are described to show that symbolic elements used by media can facilitate the cultivation of mental skills in interaction with individual differences and depth of processing. Two mechanisms are mentioned: overt supplantation, or modeling of a transformation, and activation of skills. It is argued that these and other mechanisms, such as short-circuiting, serve different learners for different ends. (71 ref)
![Iso[7]LGD sub(2)-Protein Ad...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0893-228X/small "Iso[7]LGD sub(2)-Protein Adducts Are Abundant in Vivo and Free Radical-Induced Oxidation of an Arachidonyl Phospholipid Generates This D Series Isolevuglandin in Vitro")
