This article was motivated by the need to localize a sensor (signal source) in an Internet-of-Things (IoT) network to an area with a predetermined probability (credibility). The source is assumed to ...transmit a short time duration (burst) signal in a homogeneous line-of-sight environment. The source's signal is known to an array of spatially separated receivers, which can measure the times of arrival of the source's signal subject to Gaussian measurement errors. The time that the signal leaves the source (i.e., the transmit time) is, however, unknown. The authors develop a method for computing the exact a posteriori probability density functions (pdfs) of the coordinates of the source's in both 2-D and 3-D spaces. The obtained a posteriori pdfs incorporate arbitrary a priori densities, which makes them very useful in many practical scenarios. Unlike existing point-estimate methods, the probabilistic method does not simultaneously solve a set of equations so there is neither a lower nor upper limit on the number of receivers. Various examples are provided to demonstrate the superiority and usefulness of the proposed method. In particular, it is shown that the joint a posteriori pdf of the target's location is not always approximately jointly Gaussian, especially when the target is in close proximity to one of the gateways, or when the gateways are located in close proximity to each other.
The EventIndex is the complete catalogue of all ATLAS events, keeping the references to all files that contain a given event in any processing stage. It replaces the TAG database, which had been in ...use during LHC Run 1. For each event it contains its identifiers, the trigger pattern and the GUIDs of the files containing it. Major use cases are event picking, feeding the Event Service used on some production sites, and technical checks of the completion and consistency of processing campaigns. The system design is highly modular so that its components (data collection system, storage system based on Hadoop, query web service and interfaces to other ATLAS systems) could be developed separately and in parallel during LSI. The EventIndex is in operation for the start of LHC Run 2. This paper describes the high-level system architecture, the technical design choices and the deployment process and issues. The performance of the data collection and storage systems, as well as the query services, are also reported.
IgE-binding of process-modified foods or proteins is the most common method for examination of how food processing affects allergenicity of food allergens. How processing affects sensitization ...capacity is generally studied by administration of purified food proteins or food extracts and not allergens present in their natural food matrix.
The aim was to investigate if thermal processing increases sensitization potential of whole peanuts via the oral route. In parallel, the effect of heating on sensitization potential of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 was assessed via the intraperitoneal route.
Sensitization potential of processed peanut products and Ara h 1 was examined in Brown Norway (BN) rats by oral administration of blanched or oil-roasted peanuts or peanut butter or by intraperitoneal immunization of purified native (N-), heated (H-) or heat glycated (G-)Ara h 1. Levels of specific IgG and IgE were determined by ELISA and IgE functionality was examined by rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell assay.
In rats dosed orally, roasted peanuts induced significant higher levels of specific IgE to NAra h 1 and 2 than blanched peanuts or peanut butter but with the lowest level of RBL degranulation. However, extract from roasted peanuts was found to be a superior elicitor of RBL degranulation. Process-modified Ara h 1 had similar sensitizing capacity as NAra h 1 but specific IgE reacted more readily with process-modified Ara h 1 than with native.
Peanut products induce functional specific IgE when dosed orally to BN rats. Roasted peanuts do not have a higher sensitizing capacity than blanched peanuts. In spite of this, extract from roasted peanuts is a superior elicitor of RBL cell degranulation irrespectively of the peanut product used for sensitization. The results also suggest that new epitopes are formed or disclosed by heating Ara h 1 without glucose.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Modern scientific experiments collect vast amounts of data that must be catalogued to meet multiple use cases and search criteria. In particular, high-energy physics experiments currently in ...operation produce several billion events per year. A database with the references to the files including each event in every stage of processing is necessary in order to retrieve the selected events from data storage systems. The ATLAS EventIndex project is studying the best way to store the necessary information using modern data storage technologies (Hadoop, HBase etc.) that allow saving in memory key-value pairs and select the best tools to support this application from the point of view of performance, robustness and ease of use. This paper describes the initial design and performance tests and the project evolution towards deployment and operation during 2014.
Model-based multirate controllers design Salt, J.; Albertos, P.
IEEE transactions on control systems technology,
11/2005, Letnik:
13, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In many industrial control applications the control action updating can be faster than the output measurement, leading to multirate controllers. In this paper, some dual rate operations are used to ...model the controller as well as the controlled plant. The controller design is model-based and depends on the input to be tracked. The controller is split into two parts acting at different sampling rates and its design is approached based on the characteristics of each available sampling rate. The control target is to reach the similar performances to those the faster single rate controller would achieve. Model-based cancellation controllers are designed using this approach and promising results are obtained.
This paper analyzes the energy detector that is commonly used to detect the presence of unknown information-bearing signals. The algorithm simply compares the energy (or power) in a sliding window to ...a threshold. The analysis allows for arbitrary spectra of information-bearing signal and noise processes. It yields two equations that relate five variables/parameters: the probability of false detection, the probability of missing a detection, window length, detection threshold, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The probability density function of the detection variable is shown to be approximately Gamma distributed. All of the theoretical expressions and approximations are substantiated with simulation results.
The article reviews the empirical evidence for trafficking and human smuggling in Europe. It argues that a market for irregular migration services has emerged, in which the mechanisms and forms of ...organization are still relatively unknown. Irregular migrants using these services are exposed both to unscrupulous service providers and to the immigration and policing authorities, thereby generating a dependence on safeguards provided by the trafficking networks. Thus a symbiosis has developed between trafficker and trafficked. The enormous interest and concern for trafficking and human smuggling in governmental, inter‐governmental and non‐governmental organizations, in the media and popular opinion, is running ahead of theoretical understanding and factual evidence. This has implications for policy measures designed to combat trafficking and human smuggling, which may not work and also have unintended side effects. The article begins with a discussion of the main conceptual and definitional issues confronting researchers and politicians. This is followed by an assessment of the main theoretical approaches that have been developed and an evaluation of current statistical knowledge. Information on the organizational structure of trafficking organizations is then reviewed, followed by a summary of the characteristics of migrants involved, based on empirical studies that have been carried out. The article concludes by indicating some of the main research priorities.
The baculovirus expression system was found to be efficient at expressing the 3D, the 3AB and the 3ABC non-structural proteins (NSP) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) as antigens recognised by ...immune sera in ELISA. ELISA's using 3D, 3AB and 3ABC detected antibodies from day 8 and 10 after experimental infection of susceptible cattle and sheep and cattle remained seropositive for more than 395 days. The ELISA's detected antibodies against any of the seven serotypes of FMDV. The 3D ELISA was specific and precise and as sensitive as established ELISA's which measure antibody to structural proteins. The assay may be used as a resource saving alternative to established ELISA's for the detection of antibodies against any of the seven serotypes. The 3AB and the 3ABC ELISA were also specific and precise. FMDV infected cattle could be differentiated from those that had been merely vaccinated as they gave a positive result in both the 3AB and the 3ABC ELISA's. Two cattle that had been both vaccinated and infected also gave positive results in both tests, suggesting that the 3AB and 3ABC ELISA's, but not the 3D ELISA might represent a reliable means of detecting infection in a vaccinated population.
To cite this article: Cochrane SA, Salt LJ, Wantling E, Rogers A, Coutts J, Ballmer‐Weber BK, Fritsche P, Fernández‐Rivas M, Reig I, Knulst A, Le T‐M, Asero R, Beyer K, Golding M, Crevel R, Clare ...Mills EN, Mackie AR. Development of a standardized low‐dose double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge vehicle for the EuroPrevall Project. Allergy 2012; 67: 107–113.
Background: Double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy. Standardized materials and protocols are essential for comparing DBPCFC results for multicentre studies such as EuroPrevall. This required the development and piloting of a standardized vehicle and low‐dose protocol for confirming food allergy and determination of minimum eliciting doses (MEDs).
Methods: A low‐dose DBPCFC protocol was developed, with eight titrated protein doses from 3 μg to 1 g. This was delivered using a simple, microbiologically stable food base incorporating allergenic food ingredients manufactured at three sites and centrally distributed to clinical centres. Allergen blinding was assessed by a professional sensory testing panel using a triangle test. Homogeneity and allergen content were confirmed by ELISA and clinical efficacy was assessed in a pilot study, using celeriac and hazelnut as exemplars.
Results: Celeriac and hazelnut ingredients were sufficiently blinded in the dessert. The dessert meals were successfully piloted with hazelnut in allergy clinics in Spain, the Netherlands and Italy and with celeriac and hazelnut in Zurich. The challenges elicited a range of subjective and objective reactions ranging in severity from mild itching of the oral mucosa to bronchospasm.
Conclusions: A standardized challenge vehicle proven to sufficiently blind processed, powdered hazelnut and celeriac ingredients and that can be reproducibly manufactured has been developed. This pilot study shows that the vehicle is promising for the confirmation of food allergy and determination of MEDs in adults and children with body weight >28.8 kg (approximately 7–11 years old).
The ATLAS experiment has produced hundreds of petabytes of data and expects to have one order of magnitude more in the future. This data are spread among hundreds of computing Grid sites around the ...world. The EventIndex is the complete catalogue of all ATLAS events, real and simulated, keeping the references to all permanent files that contain a given event in any processing stage. It provides the means to select and access event data in the ATLAS distributed storage system, and provides support for completeness and consistency checks and trigger and offline selection overlap studies. The EventIndex employs various data handling technologies like Hadoop and Oracle databases, and it is integrated with other parts of the ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure, including systems for data, metadata, and production management. The project has been in operation since the start of LHC Run 2 in 2015, and it is in permanent development in order to satisfy the production and analysis demands and follow technology evolution. The main data store in Hadoop, based on MapFiles and HBase, has worked well during Run 2 but new solutions are being explored for the future. This paper reports on the current system performance and on the studies of a new data storage prototype that can carry the EventIndex through Run 3.
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