This study presents the results of the analysis of subspecies of honeybee from Altai krai using SSR loci
Ap243
,
4a110
,
A24
,
A8
,
A43
,
A113
,
A88
,
Ap049
, and
A28
and the mtDNA
COI–COII
locus. It ...was found that the allelic variant PQQ
COI–COII
of mtDNA, characteristic of the evolutionary lineage M, prevails in the studied sample of seven districts of Altai krai. Analysis of microsatellite loci showed that a quarter of colonies are of hybrid origin. Despite the fact that we covered only a small part of the population, the results obtained indicate that the dark forest bee has survived in Altai krai.
Defensins in the honeybee antiinfectious protection Ilyasov, R. A.; Gaifullina, L. R.; Saltykova, E. S. ...
Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology,
2013/1, Letnik:
49, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Specific conditions of the honeybee life honeybee life require the presence of effective mechanisms of antiinfectious protection whose one of the most important components are defensins—the family of ...antimicrobial peptides. In the honeybee, defensins are present in the form of two different peptides—defensin 1 and 2 that are similar between each other only by 55.8%. Defensin 1 synthesized in salivary glands plays an important role in social immunity, whereas defensin 2 synthesized by cells of fat body and lymph is an important factor in the system of the honeybee individual immunity. Defensins are inducible, are controlled by interaction of Toll and Imd signal pathways and have a large specter of antimicrobial action.
High-molecular weight chitosan (200 kDa, 75% deacetylated) and N-succinoyl chitosan (300 kDa, 75% deacetylated) were shown to have a preadaptive effect and increase the lifespan of honeybees due to ...the induction of protective antioxidant and immune mechanisms. Chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa had a fungistatic effect on a pathogenic fungus that causes ascospherosis, a disease of bee larvae and pupae.
In honey bees, sex is determined by an allelic combination of the
csd
gene. Low allelic diversity for the
csd
gene leads to a loss of colony strength due to the appearance of nonviable diploid drones ...from eggs homozygous for the
csd
gene. Therefore, there is a need in beekeeping to identify and monitor the allelic diversity of the
csd
gene. In this paper, we present the results of the polymorphism analysis of the hypervariable region of the
csd
gene in the local population of
Apis mellifera
mellifera
L. in the Southern Urals. Among 42 amino acid sequences encoded by alleles of the hypervariable region, 20 alleles were identified, five of which were previously unknown. It was shown that the allelic diversity for the
csd
gene for the studied population corresponds to those known for other populations of
A. mellifera
L.
The purpose of this paper is to study the most common non-motor symptoms of the Parkinson’s disease (PD): olfactory dysfunction, constipation and associated with them variety of fecal microorganisms ...in patients with Parkinson’s disease.Materials and methods. We studied olfactory function in 51 patients with PD using Sniffin Sticks Test and taxonomic composition of fecal microbiota.Results. Olfactory dysfunctions (hyposmia, anosmia) were found in most patients that participated in study as well as differences in alpha-variety of gut microbiota among groups with different olfactory characteristics.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the composition of gut microbiota must be associated with etiology and pathogenesis of PD.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Today more and more studies are focusing on microbiota-gut-brain axis searching the causes of neurodegenerative ...and neuroinflammatory processes.The aim of our study is to determine the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and clinical manifestations of PD.Materials and methods. We examined 89 patients with a PD diagnosis. Clinical assessment was performed including medical history collection, rating disease stage using Hoehn and Yahr scale. Motor and nonmotor symptoms as well as possible complication were examined using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. In addition, patients were asked to fill in Parkinson’s Well-Being Map and defecation diary that included Bristol scale. DNA isolation was performed in accordance with the method described. Preparation of libraries and amplicon sequencing of marker variable region V3–V4 of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was performed with MiSeq device (Illumina, USA) according to manufacturer’s standard protocol. Filtering readings by quality and their taxonomic classification were carried out using QIIME version 1.9.0 software. The assessment of statistical differences in abundance of taxonomic units among the groups of patients was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.1 software.As a result, we have identified significant differences in the abundance of seven genera among the groups of patients with different forms of the disease. We identified about 40 genera constituting 54.8% of the intestinal microbiota, that had a correlation with the clinical manifestations of the disease. These microorganisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of PD and, thus, require more clinical research in the light of emerging new methods of altering microbiotic composition by correcting dysbiosis to improve disease management and outcome.
Given is an overview of original publications devoted to the investigation of the honey bee genome. The history of honey bee genome studies and its characteristics are described. The results of ...genetic studies of honey bees using genome-wide data are presented. A special focus is put on the search for alleles associated with economically valuable, adaptive, and other important honey bee traits.
The article summarizes the results of studies on the composition of microbial communities in stool samples of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with healthy ...volunteers using genome-metagenomic sequencing. It is shown that the microbial community of the intestine in COPD patients is characterized as diverse taxonomic composition of metagenomes that the healthy volunteers microbiota. In this case, the normal composition of intestinal microbiota in patients with COPD is exposed to the qualitative and quantitative modifications. In contrast to healthy volunteers, the intestinal microbiota in patients with COPD is characterized by the presence of representatives of the
Proteobacteria
, as
Citrobacter
,
Enterobacter
,
Eggerthella
,
Proteus
,
Salmonella
,
Anaerococcus
,
Clostridium difficile
,
Pseudomonas
, as well as higher insemination fungus genus
Candida
(
Candida dubliniensis
and
Candida albicans
).
There is increasing interest in the microbiome of the hepatobiliary system. This study investigated the influence of infection with the fish-borne liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus on the biliary ...microbiome of residents of the Tomsk region of western Siberia.
Samples of bile were provided by 56 study participants, half of who were infected with O. felineus, and all of who were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The microbiota of the bile was investigated using high throughput, Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. About 2,797, discrete phylotypes of prokaryotes were detected. At the level of phylum, bile from participants with opisthorchiasis showed greater numbers of Synergistetes, Spirochaetes, Planctomycetes, TM7 and Verrucomicrobia. Numbers of > 20 phylotypes differed in bile of the O. felineus-infected compared to non-infected participants, including presence of species of the genera Mycoplana, Cellulosimicrobium, Microlunatus and Phycicoccus, and the Archaeans genus, Halogeometricum, and increased numbers of Selenomonas, Bacteroides, Rothia, Leptotrichia, Lactobacillus, Treponema and Klebsiella.
Overall, infection with the liver fluke O. felineus modified the biliary microbiome, increasing abundance of bacterial and archaeal phylotypes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The work deals with the effect of population density on the functional activity of humoral immunity components in adult and immature cockroaches. Immune resistance has been found to decrease in ...individuals maintained singly as well in those under overpopulation pressure. Changes in enzyme activities of the antioxidant and phenol oxidase systems were studied in hemolymph and intestine of the insects. Possible consequences of isolation and overpopulation both for immunity and for individual development are discussed.
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