The study aimed to identify the influence of prior knowledge of exercise duration associated with initial information about momentary match status (losing or winning) on the pacing behaviour ...displayed during soccer game-based activities. Twenty semi-professional male players participated in four game scenarios divided in two sessions. In the first game scenario, players were not informed about the time duration or initial match status. In the second, players were only informed they would be required to play a small-sided game for 12 minutes. In the third, players were told they would play a small-sided game for 12 minutes and that one of the teams was winning 2 to 0. Finally, in the fourth game scenario, players were instructed they would play a small-sided game for 12 minutes and the score lines used at the start of the previous game scenario were reversed. The results showed a tendency for the unknown task duration to elicit greater physical responses in all studied variables, compared with knowing the task duration. Knowing the task duration and starting the game winning or losing did not affect the players' activity profile between the two conditions. Thus, during small-sided soccer games, knowledge (or not) about the exercise duration alters the pacing behaviour of the players. Moreover, short and undisclosed-length exercise durations resulted in the adoption of more aggressive pacing strategies, characterised by higher initial exercise intensities. Furthermore, previous information on match status does not seem to interfere with pacing patterns if the players are aware of the exercise duration. Coaches may use knowledge of exercise duration to manipulate the small-sided games' demands.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACTMarcelino, RO, Sampaio, JE, and Mesquita, IM. Attack and serve performances according to the match period and quality of opposition in elite volleyball matches. J Strength Cond Res ...26(12)3385–3391, 2012—The purpose of this study was to examine attack and serve performances in the beginning and end of the initial and final sets of volleyball matches according to the quality of opposition. Six hundred rallies from the Menʼs World Cup 2007 were selectively sampled from a total of 5,117 rallies observed using video match analysis. Rally-by-rally double moving averages of serve and attack efficacy were plotted by 4 different match periods (first 15 rallies of the initial set; first 15 rallies of the final set; last 15 rallies of the initial set; and last 15 rallies of the final set). Approximate entropy values were calculated to analyze the amount of data randomness. The results were examined according to the quality of opposition in 2 types of gameshigher level (HIGH) including the first 4 ranked teams and lower level (LOW) composed of the last 5 ranked teams. The results suggested that volleyball matches presented different profiles depending on the match period. Considering the teamsʼ level, a greater adaptation was found within the HIGH × HIGH matches according to the match period and a more strategic use of the serve and attack tactics taking into account the type of the set (initial or final set) and the period (beginning or end of the set). The findings emphasize the need for coaches and players to perceive the most important points at the end of the set and to manage their effort throughout the match attempting to reach this period in optimal condition. Therefore, it might be beneficial to coaches to stress the need to perform at the highest level, particularly at the end of the training drills that simulate competition scenarios.
Anecdotally, the fast pace at which the USA men's basketball team played at the 2008 Olympics was the main reason for their dominance, although there is no way of quantifying what a fast pace is or ...how it contributed to point differentials. The aim of this study was to examine the game-related statistics that discriminate between fast- and slow-paced games, as well as to identify key performance factors relating to point differentials. We analysed game-related statistics for each quarter of the eight games played by the USA using a k-means cluster analysis to classify game pace using ball possessions per game quarter. We then tested for differences in game statistics between slow- and fast-paced game quarters using analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. How differences in game-related statistics affected point differentials was examined using linear regression. The largest structure coefficient between game paces for the USA was for recovered balls (0.33, P < 0.001). The biggest contributors to the point differences in games were recovered balls (16.9, P < 0.001) and field goals (22.2, P < 0.001). We conclude that when the USA play a fast-paced game, they are able to recover more balls from opponents that they then turn into effective field-goal shooting.
Physical activity is movement of the body or part of the body to make muscles more active and to lose the energy from the body. Regular physical activity in the daily routine is very important to ...maintain good physical and mental health. It can be performed at home, a rehabilitation center, gym, etc., with a regular monitoring system. How long and which physical activity is essential for specific people is very important to know because it depends on age, sex, time, people that have specific diseases, etc. Therefore, it is essential to monitor physical activity either at a physical activity center or even at home. Physiological parameter monitoring using contact sensor technology has been practiced for a long time, however, it has a lot of limitations. In the last decades, a lot of inexpensive and accurate non-contact sensors became available on the market that can be used for vital sign monitoring. In this study, the existing research studies related to the non-contact and video-based technologies for various physiological parameters during exercise are reviewed. It covers mainly Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, etc., using various technologies including PPG, Video analysis using deep learning, etc. This article covers all the technologies using non-contact methods to detect any of the physiological parameters and discusses how technology has been extended over the years. The paper presents some introductory parts of the corresponding topic and state of art review in that area.
This study aimed to investigate how weekly training load constrains the performance of players and teams in official futsal competitions. Data from a professional male team were collected during two ...seasons (46 weeks). The applied monitoring system analysed the training load (as measured by session perceived exertion, sRPE), the total recovery status (TQR), the well-being score (WBs) and the variability of neuromuscular performance during each week (CMJ-cv). In addition, the performance was assessed for all the matches. A path analysis model was performed to test the associations across variables. Results from the path analysis model revealed that it explains 31% of the teams' performance. In general, the results show that previous team performance has no significant effects on the training week. A significant negative relationship was found between CMJ-cv and match performance (
= -.34; CI95% -.359 to -.070), as well as a significant negative relationship between players' match performance and the team's match performance (
= -.55; CI95% -.292 to .740). Regarding indirect effects, only a negative association between CMJ-cv and team match performance via players' match performance (
= -.19; CI95% -.342 to -.049) was identified. The small variation of the weekly CMJ (CMJ-cv) seems to be a key variable to monitor and explain both player and team performance. Based on this model, and only looking at the physical variables, it was possible to explain 31% of the team's performance. Longitudinal and multi-team studies should be conducted to integrate other technical, tactical and psychological variables that allow the level of understanding of players' and teams' performance to be improved.
With the use of high-precision wearable devices to monitor internal load increasing exponentially (Seshadri, 2019), objective measures, heart rate (HR) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), and ...subjective measures, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) are widely used in the context of resistance training for the differentiated information they provide. This study compared the effects of six body-weight squat variations on HR, SMO2, and RPE. Fourteen healthy recreational trained participants (age=28.8±7.6 years old; height=1.72±0.07 m; weight=71.9±10.3 kg) underwent two testing sessions: a familiarisation session, and an experimental session where all exercises were performed in a randomised order. The six variations of the squat were 1) deep, 2) jump, 3) wall-sit, 4) uneven, 5) single-leg, and 6) unstable. Each variation was performed for 90 seconds, with five minutes of passive recovery between variations. Two near-infrared spectroscopy devices fixed on the vastus lateralis (VL) and on the soleus (SL) muscles, and a HR monitor were used to assess SmO2 and HR, respectively. RPE was registered immediately after each exercise. The average HR (HRavg), average SmO2 (SmO2 avg), amplitude of deoxygenation (SmO2 deoxy), and RPE were determined. A one-way ANOVA (repeated measures) was applied, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc pair-wise comparisons. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05, and analyses were performed using JASP software 0.17.2.1 (JASP Team, 2023). All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A statistically significant effect of squat variations was observed on HRavg, F(5,60)=8.91, p<0.001, η2=0.130, with jump (148.4±15.5 bpm) presenting higher values compared to deep (134.9Ü4.9 bpm, p=0.006), wall-sit (131.5±18.4 bpm, p=0.003), uneven (131.0±18.4 bpm, p<0.001), and to unstable (138.3±15.4 bpm, p=0.009). A main effect of squat variations was identified on SmO2 avg and SmO2 deoxy in VL muscle, with the wall-sit exhibiting lower values and a higher deoxygenation, respectively. No significant differences in SmO2 avg and SmO2 deoxy in SL muscle were found. Also, significant differences were observed in RPE, F(5,60)=10.55, p<0.001, η2=0.310, with jump eliciting higher perceived exertion compared to all the other variations. These findings revealed that while in the general objective and subjective parameters (i.e., HR and RPE, respectively), it was the jump exercise that promoted more significant changes, in the specific objective parameter (i.e., SmO2 in VL), it was the wall-sit exercise that induced the greatest changes. This reinforces that using different variables allows a more selective and targeted identification of the most effective exercises.
To provide the time-motion and physiological profile of regular training sessions (TS) performed during the competitive season by under-15 (U15), under-17 (U17), and under-19 (U19) elite-level ...Portuguese soccer players.
One hundred fifty-one elite players of U15 (age 14.0 ± 0.2 y, n = 56), U17 (age 15.8 ± 0.4 y, n = 66), and U19 (age 17.8 ± 0.6 y, n = 29) participated in the study during a 9-wk period. Time-motion and body-impact data were collected using GPS technology (15 Hz) across 38 randomly selected TS that resulted in a total of 612 samples. In addition, heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored (1 Hz) in the selected TS.
The total distances covered (m) were higher in U17 (4648.3 ± 831.9), followed by U19 (4212.5 ± 935.4) and U15 (3964.5 ± 725.4) players (F = 45.84, P < .001). Total body impacts and relative impacts were lower in U15 (total: 490.8 ± 309.5, F = 7.3, P < .01), but no differences were identified between U17 (total: 584.0 ± 363.5) and U19 (total: 613.1 ± 329.4). U19 players had less high- and very-high-intensity activity (above 16 km/h; F = 11.8, P < .001) and moderate-intensity activity (10.0-15.9 km/h; F = 15.07, P < .001). HR values showed significant effects of zone (F = 575.7, P < .001) and interaction with age group (F = 9.7, P < .001), with pairwise differences between all zones (zone 1, <75%; zone 2, 75-84.9%; zone 3, 85-89.9%; zone 4, ≥90%). All players spent most of their time below 75% HRmax (U15, ~50%; U17, ~42%; U19, ~50%).
Results showed high variability between TS, refraining from identifying meaningful trends when measuring performance, although different demands were identified according to age group. The U15 TS were less physiologically demanding, probably because of increased focus on small-sided games to develop basic tactical principles and technical skills. The focus on game-like situations imposed higher external and internal workloads on U17 and U19 players.
Aim
The present randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of different exercise training modalities on functional fitness responses in apparently healthy older men.
Methods
A total of 59 ...community‐dwelling older men were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (ATG, n = 19), a combined aerobic and resistance training group (CTG, n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). Both exercise training programs were moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity, 3 days/week for 9 months. Six independent functional fitness tests (back scratch, chair sit‐and‐reach, 30‐s chair stand, arm curl, 8‐ft up‐and‐go, 6‐min walk) were measured on five different occasions. The data were analyzed using a mixed‐model ANOVA.
Results
ANOVA showed a significant main effect of group (P < 0.001) for all functional fitness tests, with significant differences between both training groups and controls. However, the ATG only improved the chair sit‐and‐reach and the 30‐s chair stand performance, whereas CTG improved in all functional fitness tests. ANOVA also identified a significant main effect of time for 8‐ft up‐and‐go (P = 0.031) in the CTG.
Conclusions
Only the combined exercise program was effective in improving all functional fitness components related to daily living activities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 892–898.
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