Purpose
A growing body of evidence shows that consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases, which, in turn, have been linked to depression. ...This suggests that UPF might also be associated with depression, which is among the global leading causes of disability and disease. We prospectively evaluated the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of depression in a Mediterranean cohort.
Methods
We included 14,907 Spanish university graduates mean (SD) age: 36.7 year (11.7) initially free of depression who were followed up for a median of 10.3 years. Consumption of UPF (industrial formulations made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods and additives, with little, if any, intact food), as defined by the NOVA food classification system, was assessed at baseline through a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression or the habitual use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up assessments conducted after the first 2 years of follow-up. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and depression incidence.
Results
A total of 774 incident cases of depression were identified during follow-up. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had a higher risk of developing depression HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.07–1.64);
p
trend = 0.004 than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for potential confounders.
Conclusions
In a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, we found a positive association between UPF consumption and the risk of depression that was strongest among participants with low levels of physical activity.
Abstract Objective The adoption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern of eating is often described as a strategy to help prevent or manage hypertension. However, this dietary regimen has not been ...reviewed systematically for its efficacy against hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of interventions of at least 1 year duration on blood pressure (BP) values through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The focus was on interventions comparing an MD with a low-fat diet. Design The authors accessed and searched PubMed and Scopus databases up to March, 2015. Randomized control trials comparing MD vs low-fat diet were included. The researchers assessed the methodological quality, extracted the valid data, and conducted the meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results Six trials (more than 7,000 individuals) were identified. Meta-analysis showed that interventions aiming at adopting an MD pattern for at least 1 year reduced both the systolic BP and diastolic BP levels in individuals with normal BP or mild hypertension. The effect was higher for the systolic BP (–1.44 mm Hg) but also consistent for the diastolic BP (–0.70 mm Hg). However, the results have to be interpreted with caution owing to the reduced number of studies eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. This situation limited the statistical power of the analyses. Furthermore, in all analyses, the pooled effect estimation showed a high evidence of heterogeneity, which compromises the validity of the pooled estimates. Conclusions and Implications A positive and significant association was found between the MD and BP in adults. However, in all cases the magnitude of the effect was small. Based on this limited group of studies and their heterogeneity, the authors found insufficient convincing evidence to suggest that the MD decreased BP. Further standardized research is urgently needed to reach evidence-based conclusions to clarify the role of MD in BP management, particularly in Europe and other societies where prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing.
Psychiatry is at an important juncture, with the current pharmacologically focused model having achieved modest benefits in addressing the burden of poor mental health worldwide. Although the ...determinants of mental health are complex, the emerging and compelling evidence for nutrition as a crucial factor in the high prevalence and incidence of mental disorders suggests that diet is as important to psychiatry as it is to cardiology, endocrinology, and gastroenterology. Evidence is steadily growing for the relation between dietary quality (and potential nutritional deficiencies) and mental health, and for the select use of nutrient-based supplements to address deficiencies, or as monotherapies or augmentation therapies. We present a viewpoint from an international collaboration of academics (members of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research), in which we provide a context and overview of the current evidence in this emerging field of research, and discuss the future direction. We advocate recognition of diet and nutrition as central determinants of both physical and mental health.
With depression being the psychiatric disorder incurring the largest societal costs in developed countries, there is a need to gather evidence on the role of nutrition in depression, to help develop ...recommendations and guide future psychiatric health care. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the link between diet quality, measured using a range of predefined indices, and depressive outcomes. Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were searched up to 31
May 2018 for studies that examined adherence to a healthy diet in relation to depressive symptoms or clinical depression. Where possible, estimates were pooled using random effect meta-analysis with stratification by observational study design and dietary score. A total of 20 longitudinal and 21 cross-sectional studies were included. These studies utilized an array of dietary measures, including: different measures of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative HEI (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index. The most compelling evidence was found for the Mediterranean diet and incident depression, with a combined relative risk estimate of highest vs. lowest adherence category from four longitudinal studies of 0.67 (95% CI 0.55-0.82). A lower Dietary Inflammatory Index was also associated with lower depression incidence in four longitudinal studies (relative risk 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63-0.92). There were fewer longitudinal studies using other indices, but they and cross-sectional evidence also suggest an inverse association between healthy diet and depression (e.g., relative risk 0.65; 95% CI 0.50-0.84 for HEI/AHEI). To conclude, adhering to a healthy diet, in particular a traditional Mediterranean diet, or avoiding a pro-inflammatory diet appears to confer some protection against depression in observational studies. This provides a reasonable evidence base to assess the role of dietary interventions to prevent depression. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42017080579.
BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean dietary pattern might be a potential tool for the prevention of obesity. OBJECTIVES: We studied the association between adherence to 6 previously published scores used ...to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and weight change. We also assessed the risk of relevant weight gain (≥5 kg) or the risk of developing overweight or obesity. DESIGN: The study population included 10,376 Spanish men and women who were university graduates (mean age = 38 y) and were followed up for a mean (±SD) of 5.7 ± 2.2 y. Diet was assessed at baseline with a 136-item, previously validated food-frequency questionnaire. Weight was assessed at baseline and biennially during follow-up. RESULTS: Participants with the lowest adherence (less-than or equal to3 points) to the Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) proposed by Trichopoulou et al (range: 0-9; N Engl J Med 2003;348:2599-608) exhibited the highest average yearly weight gain, whereas participants with the highest (≥6 points) adherence exhibited the lowest weight gain (adjusted difference: -0.059 kg/y; 95% CI: -0.111, -0.008 kg/y; P for trend = 0.02). This inverse association was extended to other a priori-defined MDSs. The group with the highest adherence to the MDS also showed the lowest risk of relevant weight gain (≥5 kg) during the first 4 y of follow-up (odds ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern is significantly associated with reduced weight gain. This dietary pattern can be recommended to slow down age-related weight gain.
Background
Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the
ATP7B
gene. An early diagnosis is crucial to prevent evolution of the disease, as ...implantation of early therapeutic measures fully prevents its symptoms. As population genetics data predict a higher than initially expected prevalence, it was important to define the basic diagnostic tools to approach population screening.
Methods
A highly genetically homogeneous cohort of 70 patients, belonging to 50 unrelated families, has been selected as a framework to analyze all their clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics, to define the disease in our population, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 12,369, and determine the most useful features that reach diagnostic value.
Results
Serum ceruloplasmin below 11.5 mg/dL and cupremia below 60 μg/mL, were the best analytical predictors of the disease in asymptomatic individuals, while cupruria or hepatic copper determination were less powerful. Genetic analysis reached a conclusive diagnosis in all 65 patients available for complete testing. Of them, 48 were carriers of at least one p.Leu708Pro mutant allele, with 24 homozygotes. Nine patients carried a promoter deletion mutation, revealing that extended sequencing beyond the
ATP7B
gene-coding region is essential. All mutations caused hepatic damage since early ages, increasing its severity as diagnosis was delayed, and neurological symptoms appear.
Conclusion
Serum ceruloplasmin determination followed by genetic screening would reduce costs and favor the prioritization of non-invasive procedures to reach a definitive diagnosis, even for asymptomatic cases.
Summary Background & aims It has been hypothesized that snacking could be a major factor in the development of obesity. However, the relationship between snacking and the increment in body weight ...remains controversial. Moreover, longitudinal studies about this issue are scarce. Thus, our objective was to prospectively assess the relationship between snacking and weight gain and obesity in a middle-aged free-living population. Methods Longitudinal prospective Spanish dynamic cohort (10,162 university graduates; mean age: 39 years) followed-up for an average of 4.6 years. Dietary habits were ascertained through a validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Usual snackers were defined as those participants who answered affirmatively when asked in the baseline assessment if they usually eat between meals. Validated self-reported weight and body mass index were collected at baseline and during follow-up. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, self-reported between-meal snacking was significantly associated with a higher risk of substantial weight gain (≥3 kg/year; p < 0.001; ≥ 5 kg/year, p < 0.001; ≥ 10% baseline weight, p < 0.001). Among participants with a baseline body mass index lower than 30 kg/m2 ( n : 9709) we observed 258 new cases of obesity. Usual snackers presented an adjusted 69% higher risk of becoming obese during follow-up (Hazard Ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.30–2.20). Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that self-reported between-meal snacking can be a potential risk factor for obesity.
Research on the role of diet in the prevention of depression is scarce. Some evidence suggests that depression shares common mechanisms with cardiovascular disease.
Before considering the role of ...diet in the prevention of depression, several points need to be considered. First, in general, evidence has been found for the effects of isolated nutrients or foods, and not for dietary patterns. Second, most previous studies have a cross-sectional design. Third, information is generally collected though questionnaires, increasing the risk of misclassification bias. Fourth, adequate control of confounding factors in observational studies is mandatory.
Only a few cohort studies have analyzed the relationship between overall dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, and primary prevention of depression. They have found similar results to those obtained for the role of this dietary pattern in cardiovascular disease. To confirm the findings obtained in these initial cohort studies, we need further observational longitudinal studies with improved methodology, as well as large randomized primary prevention trials, with interventions based on changes in the overall food pattern, that include participants at high risk of mental disorders.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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