We evaluated the effect of cold quarantine treatments on the development of CI and temperature conditioning on the induction of low temperature tolerance in “Rouge La Toma” grapefruit (
Citrus ...paradisi Macf.), and their effects on acetaldehyde, ethanol and
d-limonene contents and sensory characteristics. Various treatments, non-conditioned
+
quarantine at 2
°C and 85% RH for 18 days
+
storage at 13
°C and 85% RH for 4 days or 17 days
+
marketing period at 20
°C and 85% RH for 7 days; conditioned at 15
°C and 85% RH for 7 days
+
quarantine at 2
°C and 85% RH for 18 days
+
storage at 13
°C and 85% RH for 4 days or 17 days
+
marketing period at 20
°C and 85% RH for 7 days; storage at 13
°C and 85% HR for 22 days or 35 days
+
marketing period at 20
°C and 85% RH for 7 days (control treatments), were assayed. By the end of the simulated marketing period, the conditions did not promote chilling injury development in “Rouge La Toma” grapefruit. After the simulated marketing period, acetaldehyde, ethanol and
d-limonene contents were not affected in fruit stored under treatments that included cold quarantine. In some cases, treatments that included temperature conditioning significantly increased acetaldehyde and ethanol levels, however, the amounts detected were comparable with fresh grapefruit juice. In general, the storage times involved in the treatments assayed, did not promote increases in the acetaldehyde and ethanol levels. Conversely, fruit stored at non-chilling temperatures (control treatments) had higher levels of
d-limonene compared to those which underwent treatments that included cold quarantine. In addition, a significant increase in
d-limonene levels between the initial time of the treatments and the end of the marketing period was observed, for all treatments, with the highest and most variables levels observed in fruit stored under control treatments. Sensory characteristics, such as sweet, acid and bitter taste and typical flavor intensity, in general, were not affected by the postharvest handling practices applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cold quarantine treatment and temperature conditioning may have important commercial applications for “Rouge La Toma” grapefruit
(Citrus paradisi Macf.) without adversely affecting its quality.
Nombre d’enfants nés prématurément ont des difficultés attentionnelles et des comportements d’hyperactivité qui sembleraient liés aux déficits des fonctions exécutives.
Examiner si le suivi proposé ...au niveau national en Suisse aux enfants nés prématurément permet la détection des problèmes exécutifs.
Quarante-neuf enfants nés avant 29 semaines de gestation et examinés entre 5 et 6ans dans le cadre du suivi neurodéveloppemental standard comprenant l’évaluation cognitive avec les trois échelles du K-ABC (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children), les processus mentaux composites (PMC), séquentiels et simultanés, et l’évaluation du comportement (SDQ pour Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire). Les fonctions exécutives ont été évaluées par des épreuves neuropsychologiques supplémentaires testant l’attention, l’inhibition, la mémoire de travail et par un questionnaire parental (BRIEF pour Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function). La valeur discriminative des épreuves standard (K-ABC et SDQ) pour les troubles exécutifs a été examinée.
Si l’échelle PMC discriminait peu les résultats obtenus aux tests neuropsychologiques, un score inférieur à 85 aux processus séquentiels était associé à une diminution significative des capacités attentionnelles. Le questionnaire SDQ permettait également une bonne discrimination des enfants présentant des difficultés explorées par le BRIEF.
Une analyse fine des résultats obtenus lors du suivi standard permet de cerner les difficultés des enfants nés prématurément : un résultat faible au niveau des processus séquentiels semble prédicteur de performances attentionnelles déficitaires. Les difficultés comportementales en lien avec les troubles exécutifs semblent bien dépistées par le SDQ. Il est important de détecter ces enfants, de les suivre avec des épreuves spécifiques si nécessaire et de favoriser des mesures de soutien.
A significant proportion of prematurely born children encounter behavioral difficulties, such as attention deficit or hyperactivity, which could be due to executive function disorders.
To examine whether the standard neurodevelopmental assessment offered to premature children in Switzerland recognizes executive function disorders.
The study population consisted of 49 children born before 29 weeks of gestation who were examined between 5 and 6 years of age with a standard assessment, with additional items to assess executive functioning. Children with severe neurodevelopmental impairment were excluded (mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism). Standard assessment consisted in the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), which comprises three subscales: sequential processes (analysis of sequential information), simultaneous processes (global analysis of visual information), and composite mental processes (CMP) (result of the other two scales), as well as a behavioral evaluation using the standardized Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Executive functioning was assessed with tasks evaluating visual attention, divided attention, and digit memory as well as with a specialized questionnaire, the Behavior Rating Index of Executive Functions (BRIEF), which evaluates several aspects of executive function (regulation, attention, flexibility, working memory, etc).
Children were divided according to their results on the three K-ABC scales (< or>85), and the different neuropsychological tasks assessing executive function were compared between the groups. The CMP did not differentiate children with executive difficulties, whereas a score<85 on the sequential processes was significantly associated with worse visual and divided attention. There was a strong correlation between the SDQ and the BRIEF questionnaires. For both questionnaires, children receiving psychotherapy had significantly higher results. Children who presented behavioral problems assessed with the SDQ presented significantly higher scores on the BRIEF.
A detailed analysis of the standard neurodevelopmental assessment allows the identification of executive function disorders in premature children. Children who performed below 85 on the sequential processes of the K-ABC had significantly more attentional difficulties on the neuropsychological tasks and therefore have to be recognized and carefully followed. Emotional regulation had a strong correlation with behavioral difficulties, which were suitably assessed with the SDQ, recognized by the families, and treated.
We investigate the variation of the oscillation frequency of the Mg\(^{2+}\) and O\(^{2-}\) ions in the magnesium oxide lattice due to the interactions of the surface with water monolayers by means ...of Low Energy Electron Diffraction. Our key result is a new technique to determine the adsorbate vibrations produced by the water monolayers on the surface lattice as a consequence of their change in the surface Debye temperature and its chemical shift. The latter was systematically investigated for different annealing times and for a constant external thermal perturbation in the range of 110-300 K in order to accomplish adsorption or desorption of water monolayers in the surface lattice.
The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been validated against the criterion of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) in Spanish patients in hospital with several types of endocrinological ...illnesses. The screening instrument correctly identified 91 of 100 respondents as exhibiting psychiatric disorder. The questionnaire's efficacy was similar at the time of medical discharge, when the rate of disorder was significantly lower. Significant correlations were found between GHQ total scores and endocrine blood measures in Addison's disease, and in Type I diabetes. The four subscales of the GHQ sum to provide additional information concerning somatic symptoms and anxiety.
Les études consacrées aux troubles du comportement chez les enfants de moins de trois ans sont récentes et moins nombreuses que celles conduites auprès d'enfants d'âge scolaire. La distinction entre ...troubles du comportement et conduites normales durant la petite enfance demande à être précisée. La question de la comorbidité symptomatique et celle de la psychopathologie associée à ces symptômes n'ont pas encore reçu de réponse satisfaisante fondée sur des études empiriques et longitudinales. L'étude présentée compare un groupe clinique (40 enfants âgés de 18 à 36 mois consultant pour troubles du comportement) avec un groupe non clinique (30 enfants tout venant de même âge). Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide du
Symptom Check-List et de la classification diagnostique
Zero to Three. Les résultats montrent que les symptômes comportementaux (opposition, agressivité, hyperactivité, inattention) sont beaucoup plus fréquents et intenses dans le groupe clinique que dans le groupe non clinique. Une comorbidité est observée chez la majorité des enfants du groupe clinique. Ces enfants présentent aussi des problèmes émotionnels (séparation) et fonctionnels (sommeil, alimentation). Les manifestations symptomatiques du groupe clinique sont associées à un contexte relationnel problématique et à des tableaux cliniques qui remplissent les critères diagnostiques d'un trouble de l'affect (anxiété de la petite enfance, trouble mixte de l'expression émotionnelle). Au vu du cumul des facteurs de risque conduisant à un pronostic défavorable dans une majorité des situations cliniques, l'article souligne l'importance d'un dépistage et d'un traitement précoces des troubles du comportement.
Studies on behavior disorders in early childhood (ages 0–3) are more recent and less numerous than studies conducted about school-age children. Thus, the discrepancy between behaviors posing a clinical problem and normal development in toddlers needs to be better defined. The symptomatology and psychopathology comorbid with behavior disorders has not yet been answered using empirical and longitudinal data. The study presented here compares a clinical group (40 children, aged 18 to 36 months, with behavioral problems) with a non-clinical group (30 typically developing children from the same age group). Data were collected with the Symptom Check-List and the diagnostic classification Zero to Three. The results showed that behavioral symptoms (including opposition, aggression, hyperactivity, and inattention) were much more frequent and intense in the clinical group than in the non-clinical group. Most of the clinical group demonstrated comorbid separation, sleep and feeding problems. The clinical group's symptoms also were associated to a problematic relational context and to criteria for disorder of affect (including anxiety disorder in early childhood and mixed disorder of emotional expressiveness). Given that multiple risk factors point to an unfavorable prognosis in the majority of clinical cases, the present report emphasizes the importance of early intervention and treatment for behavior disorders.
Original article Sancho, A I; Rigby, N M; Zuidmeer, L ...
Allergy (Copenhagen),
10/2005, Letnik:
60, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are involved in allergy to fresh and processed fruits. We have investigated the effect of thermal treatment and glycation on the physico-chemical and ...IgE-binding properties of the LTP from apple (Mal d 3). Mal d 3 was purified from apple peel and the effect of heating in the absence and presence of glucose investigated by CD spectroscopy, electrospray and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. IgE reactivity was determined by RAST and immunoblot inhibition, SPT and basophil histamine release test. The identity and IgE reactivity of purified Mal d 3 was confirmed. Mild heat treatment (90 degrees C, 20 min) in the absence or presence of glucose did not alter its IgE reactivity. More severe heat treatment (100 degrees C, 2 h) induced minor changes in protein structure, but a significant decrease in IgE-binding (30-fold) and biological activity (100- to 1000-fold). Addition of glucose resulted in up to four glucose residues attached to Mal d 3 and only a 2- and 10-fold decrease of IgE-binding and biological activity, respectively. Only severe heat treatment caused a significant decrease in the allergenicity of Mal d 3 but glycation had a protective effect. The presence of sugars in fruits may contribute to the thermostability of the allergenic activity of LTP in heat-processed foods. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Streptomyces avermitilis CECT 3339 is grown on Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and the production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) and (1→4)-β-
d-xylan xilanohydrolase (xylanase) activities is studied over 5 ...days. Maximum level of xylanases was found at day 1. FAE activity on methyl ferulate reached a maximum level at day 2, whereas FAE activity on feruloylated oligosaccharides, either from wheat bran or sugar-beet pulp, was maximal at day 1. The cultures (1–5 days) from
S. avermilitis CECT 3339 grown on BSG and on other two agro-industrial residues such as de-starched wheat bran and sugar-beet pulp were tested for the release of hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic and
p-coumaric acids) from BSG. Most ferulic acid (FA) was released when culture supernatants from day 1 and BSG as carbon source (43% of total alkali-extractable ferulic acid) and from day 2 and de-starched wheat bran as carbon source (41.2%) were used. The level of
p-coumaric released in all cases was lower (<9% of total alkali-extractable
p-coumaric acid; pCA). The importance of the time of growth for the enzyme production involved in the hydrolysis of BSG is discussed.
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