Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. ...However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the “role” of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species “normalized degree”), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species “paired nested degree”), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages.
This study examines the potential of herniarin from tarragon, as an agent with multifaceted effects on bladder cancer cells and investigates herniarin‘s impact on cell viability, migration, cell ...cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and Erk signaling pathways in bladder cancer cell lines, including RT‐112 (grade 1, non‐invasive), HTB9 (grade 2, invasive), and HT1376 (grade 3, invasive), through comprehensive in vitro experiments. The compound causes cell cycle arrest at distinct phases in different cell lines: G1/S arrest in RT112 cells, G2/M arrest in HTB9 cells, and S phase arrest in HT1376 cells. Furthermore, herniarin induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis in various cell lines and simultaneously modulates protein levels of apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic proteins, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent. Herniarin's influence also extends to Erk signaling, a crucial pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation. In conclusion, this study reveals herniarin‘s potential as a versatile agent in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy in elderly patients with symptomatic apical pelvic organ prolapse and to ...compare the outcomes of open abdominal and robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy in geriatric patients.
Methods
Elderly patients (≥65 years of age) who underwent open abdominal or robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy for treatment of symptomatic grade 3 and 4 apical pelvic organ prolapse between November 2015 and May 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The success rates of the procedures, the surgical outcomes, and the perioperative adverse events of both groups were compared. Perioperative adverse events were categorized according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.
Results
Forty-four patients underwent open abdominal sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy and 30 patients underwent robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy. The mean age in the open abdominal sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy group was 68.4 ± 3.4 years and in the robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy group it was 69.7 ± 4.1 years. The success rates in the open abdominal sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy and robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy groups were 59% and 57% at median follow-up time of 28 months and 24 months respectively. Although the mean dosage of the analgesic (10.1 mg/24 h) and the mean length of hospital stay (2.1 days) were significantly lower and shorter for the robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy group, the mean duration of operation was considerably longer (141.2 min). The rate of grade 2 or higher complications for open abdominal sacrocolpopexy was 16% (7 out of 44) and for robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy it was 17% (5 out of 30).
Conclusions
Anatomical outcomes and adverse events are similar in elderly patients undergoing open sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy and robotic-assisted sacrocolpo(hystero)pexy.
Amaç: Nüks gelişmiş olan vulvar kanser hastalarında birçok faktörün etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda nüks gelişen ve gelişmeyen skuamöz hücreli vulvar kanserli hastalarda klinik ve patolojik ...faktörlerin karşılaştırılması ve nüksün toplam sağ kalıma olan etkisini araştırmayı hedefledik.
Gereç ve Yöntem: İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Jinekolojik Onkoloji Kliniği’nde 1995 - 2018 yılları arasında opere olmuş ve takipleri hastanemizde olan vulvar kanserli hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastalar nüks gelişmiş ve gelişmemiş olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Yaş, evre, tümör boyutu, tümörün orta hat durumu, tümörün lokalizasyonu, yapılan operasyon, cerrahi sınır, tümörün invazyon derinliği, metastatik lenf nodu varlığı, adjuvan tedavi değişkenleri açısından gruplar karşılaştırıldı ve nüksün sağ kalıma olan etkisi araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Yaş, evre, tümör boyutu, tümörün orta hat durumu, tümörün lokalizasyonu, yapılan operasyon, cerrahi sınır, tümörün invazyon derinliği, metastatik lenf nodu varlığı, adjuvan tedavi gibi değişkenler vulvar kanserli hastalarda nüks gelişimi açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. Nüks ile toplam sağ kalım arasında da bir korelasyon bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Literatürde belirtilen birçok prognostik faktör çalışmamızda nüks açısından anlamlı bulunmamış olup, toplam sağ kalım açısından da nüks olan ve olmayan grup arasında bir fark saptanmamıştır.
Aim: The effects of many factors have been investigated in vulvar cancer patients with recurrence. In our study, we aimed to compare clinical and pathological factors and investigate the effect of recurrence on overall survival in patients with recurrent and non-recurrent squamous cell vulvar cancer. Materials and Methods: The files of vulvar cancer patients who were operated in İzmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital Gynecological Oncology Clinic between 1995 and 2018 and were followed up in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, with and without recurrence. The groups were compared in terms of age, stage, tumor size, midline status of the tumor, localization of the tumor, operation, surgical margin, depth of tumor invasion, presence of metastatic lymph node, adjuvant therapy variables and the effect of recurrence on survival was investigated. Results: Variables such as age, stage, tumor size, midline status of the tumor, localization of the tumor, operation, surgical margin, tumor invasion depth, presence of metastatic lymph node, adjuvant therapy were not found to be statistically significant in terms of recurrent patients with vulvar cancer. There was also no correlation between recurrence and overall survival.
Conclusion: Many prognostic factors mentioned in the literature were not found to be significant in terms of recurrence in our study, and no difference was found between the groups with and without recurrence in terms of overall survival.
Abstract Background Obesity is known as a risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC). Only a few studies investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and EC. In this study, our ...aim was to investigate the relationship between the cross‐sectional imaging‐based body composition parameters and the disease prognosis in low‐grade (LG) and high‐grade (HG) EC. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study in women diagnosed with low and high‐grade EC between January 2014 and May 2022 who had abdominal MRI and thorax CT as a part of routine staging workup. We used the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra to assess sarcopenia on CT. The T2‐weighted sequence at the level of the L2–L3 intervertebral disc is used for visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and total fat area (TFA). Two radiologists in consensus, calculated the parameters. Results A total of 250 EC patients (144 low‐grade EC, 106 high‐grade EC).Sarcopenia was observed in 122 (48.8%) patients, and sarcopenic obesity was found in 82 (32.8%) patients. Although there was an increase in VFA in cases with high‐grade EC, there was no significant difference in terms of SFA. Additionally, the frequency of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was higher in cases with high‐grade EC. There was no association between sarcopenia and age, histological type, FIGO staging, or comorbidity in the univariate analysis. However, BMI was found to be associated with sarcopenia. Conclusions Quantitative radiological measurement of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and body fat composition can be used as novel parameters in the prediction of disease prognosis in endometrial cancer.
Background Paralytic ileus that develops after elective surgery is a common and uncomfortable complication and is considered inevitable after an intraperitoneal operation. Objective The purpose of ...this study was to investigate whether coffee consumption accelerates the recovery of bowel function after complete staging surgery of gynecologic cancers. Study Design In this randomized controlled trial, 114 patients were allocated preoperatively to either postoperative coffee consumption with 3 times daily (n=58) or routine postoperative care without coffee consumption (n=56). Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy were performed on all patients as part of complete staging surgery for endometrial, ovarian, cervical, or tubal cancer. The primary outcome measure was the time to the first passage of flatus after surgery. Secondary outcomes were the time to first defecation, time to first bowel movement, and time to tolerance of a solid diet. Results The mean time to flatus (30.2±8.0 vs 40.2±12.1 hours; P <.001), mean time to defecation (43.1±9.4 vs 58.5±17.0 hours; P <.001), and mean time to the ability to tolerate food (3.4±1.2 vs 4.7±1.6 days; P <.001) were reduced significantly in patients who consumed coffee compared with control subjects. Mild ileus symptoms were observed in 17 patients (30.4%) in the control group compared with 6 patients (10.3%) in the coffee group ( P =.01). Coffee consumption was well-tolerated and well-accepted by patients, and no intervention-related side-effects were observed. Conclusion Coffee consumption after total abdominal hysterectomy and systematic paraaortic lymphadenectomy expedites the time to bowel motility and the ability to tolerate food. This simple, cheap, and well-tolerated treatment should be added as an adjunct to the postoperative care of gynecologic oncology patients.
In this pilot trial, patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to receive a low dose of intracoronary streptokinase after reperfusion or no additional ...therapy. At 2 days, microvascular function was significantly improved in the streptokinase group. There was no significant difference in left ventricular size or function at 6 months, although the findings suggest that a larger trial might show such a benefit.
Patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to receive a low dose of intracoronary streptokinase after reperfusion or no additional therapy. At 2 days, microvascular function was significantly improved in the streptokinase group.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an established reperfusion strategy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.
1
Nevertheless, myocardial damage is not immediately terminated after the elimination of epicardial occlusion with successful primary PCI. It has been presumed that reperfusion injury and embolization of epicardial thrombus and plaque debris jeopardize tissue-level perfusion.
2
–
4
Although thromboembolism of proximal origin may limit microvascular perfusion,
5
,
6
a thrombus may also form in the microvasculature itself. This concept may help explain why recent randomized trials have failed to show a beneficial effect of distal protection devices on microvascular perfusion during primary . . .
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adenomyosis had an effect on myometrial tumor invasion, stage of the disease, and survival in endometrial cancer.
Endometrial cancer patients encountered ...between 2007 and 2016 were identified from pathology records. Patients who underwent suboptimal surgical or medical treatment or with insufficient clinical or surgical data were excluded. Patients diagnosed as having concurrent adenomyosis constituted the study group. Control group patients were randomly selected in a paired design according to the tumor grades in the study group, and for each tumor grade, 4 times as many as patients were included. Tumor stage, histologic type and grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, presence and location of the adenomyosis in myometrial wall, distance from endometrial line, tumor in adenomyosis, adjuvant treatment, and relapse were primary outcomes.Age, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and type of operation were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed for overall survival.
Of those 1242 endometrial cancer patients, 80 with concurrent adenomyosis were identified and compared with 320 patients without adenomyosis following a paired selection based on tumor grade. Higher rates of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, tumor diameter, and adjuvant treatments were found in the nonadenomyosis group compared with adenomyosis group (P ≤ 0.001). In patients with adenomyosis, rates of early-stage disease and overall survival were significantly higher compared with the control group (P = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively).
Our results showed that adenomyosis is significantly associated with lower stage in endometrial cancer that may suggest a possible limiting effect on endometrial cancer spread. In addition, despite similar rates in disease-free survival and endometrial cancer-related death, overall survival rate was significantly higher in the presence of adenomyosis and might be considered as a good prognostic factor for endometrial cancer.
PDF
