Society awards are an important component of recognition in medicine and for career advancement such as promotion. Multiple studies conducted in pediatrics and gastroenterology have shown ...underrepresentation of women awardees even in fields with a higher proportion of women than men. To our knowledge, no such studies have been conducted in pediatric gastroenterology. We hypothesized that among all recipients, women would be underrepresented when compared to men and that women were more likely to be given teaching awards compared to other career achievement awards. We collected data on recipients of major recognition award presented by The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition from 1987 to 2022. We found that 80.90% of the awards had been given to men and that most nominators were men. This study highlights inequities in women recipients for major awards and presents an opportunity for a call for action to examine and address the factors contributing to this gender inequity.
Enteral feeding is challenging in preterm infants because of gastrointestinal (GI) immaturity. Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive technology that measures gastric myoelectrical activity and ...can be utilized to measure changes that occur with maturation at different gestational ages (GA). Three gastric rhythms (GR) exist between 0.5-9 cycles per minute (cpm), namely, bradygastria (0.5 ≤ GR < 2 cpm), normogastria (2 ≤ GR < 4 cpm), and tachygastria (4 ≤ GR < 9 cpm). We aimed to characterize EGG-derived parameters for different GA by quantifying (1) power spectral density (PSD) and its spectral means at three GR bands (i.e., mPSD
) and (2) the percent (%) time spent in each band. Data analyzed was from a longitudinal cohort of preterm infants (n = 51) born at early, mid, and term GA of < 29, 29-33, and ≥ 37 weeks, respectively. Weekly EGG monitoring was performed until 40 weeks' postmenstrual age or discharge. Pre-, during, and post-feed data were analyzed for mPSD
at each GR band. Also, % bradygastria, % normogastria, and % tachygastria were calculated by continuous wavelet transform analysis. Results showed (1) mPSD values in normogastria and tachygastria during feeding increased with advancing GA, and (2) % normogastria increased with advancing GA regardless of GR ranges, suggesting EGG may measure GI maturity in preterm infants.
OBJECTIVES:Colonic manometry is used frequently in children with long standing and difficult to manage constipation to aid in management decisions. Accurate analysis requires placement of the colonic ...manometry catheter in the colon without looping. This is technically difficult due to the long-standing nature of the constipation in most patients leading to sigmoid and other colonic redundancy. Single balloon colonoscopy has been successfully used in adult in cases of difficult colonoscopy. We report the first series of single balloon–assisted colonoscopy for performing difficult colonoscopy in children and placing colonic manometry catheters.
METHODS:Retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients undergoing the procedure. All patients had prior preparation with nasogastric golytely.
RESULTS:Using the single balloon technique, 36 patients underwent placement of the colonic manometry catheter (ages ranging from 3 to 16 years, weights 12 to 95 kg). Catheter placement was successful in all cases with procedure times of 20 to 105 minutes. No major complications were noted.
CONCLUSIONS:This is the first reported series of using single balloon–assisted colonoscopy to perform difficult colonoscopy in children and place colonic manometry catheters. It may have other therapeutic implications in children such as removal of polyps or placement of similar catheters.
Women and minorities are underrepresented in leadership positions in academic specialties. We investigated representation of women and minorities in selected leadership positions and in fellowships ...in North American academic pediatric gastroenterology programs (PGP) via voluntary surveys. We also assessed for factors influencing diversity. We found that 45.8% of Program Directors (PD), 75% of division chiefs (DC), and 71% of Pediatrics department chairs were men. Sixty-three percentage of the PG fellows were women. Most DCs were male professors. Most PDs, DCs, and department chairs were White (70%, 80%, and 88.3%), with Blacks being the least represented group in leadership and also among fellows. We found a higher likelihood of having a White PD if the department chair was White. We found gender and racial disparities in all PGP leadership positions. This data can serve as a guide in efforts to support diversity for both gender and race at all positions and academic ranks.
ABSTRACT
Women and minorities are underrepresented in leadership positions in academic specialties. We investigated representation of women and minorities in selected leadership positions and in ...fellowships in North American academic pediatric gastroenterology programs (PGP) via voluntary surveys. We also assessed for factors influencing diversity. We found that 45.8% of Program Directors (PD), 75% of division chiefs (DC), and 71% of Pediatrics department chairs were men. Sixty‐three percentage of the PG fellows were women. Most DCs were male professors. Most PDs, DCs, and department chairs were White (70%, 80%, and 88.3%), with Blacks being the least represented group in leadership and also among fellows. We found a higher likelihood of having a White PD if the department chair was White. We found gender and racial disparities in all PGP leadership positions. This data can serve as a guide in efforts to support diversity for both gender and race at all positions and academic ranks.
Neonatal gastroesophageal reflux Sawyer, Christopher; Sanghavi, Rinarani; Ortigoza, Eric B.
Early human development,
08/2022, Letnik:
171
Journal Article
Prolonged antibiotic use after birth is associated with neonatal feeding intolerance and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). A gastric dysrhythmia (tachygastria) with frequencies >4-9 ...cycles per minute, measured by electrogastrography (EGG), is associated with FGIDs. The relationship between prolonged antibiotic use and % time spent in tachygastria is unknown in preterm infants. We aimed to compare weekly changes in % tachygastria between preterm infants receiving long (>48 h) versus short (≤48 h) courses of antibiotics for early onset sepsis evaluation (initiated at <3 days of life).
This was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 88 preterm infants (<34 weeks' gestation) with weekly EGG recordings from the first week of life until 40 weeks' post-menstrual age, discharge, or death. We calculated % of EGG recording time in tachygastria and determined the mean across weekly sessions. A mixed effects model assessed variance in % tachygastria between the short- and long-antibiotic exposure groups across all weeks.
Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. There was no difference in % tachygastria between short and long antibiotic exposure groups across nine postnatal weeks (p = 0.08).
Early, prolonged antibiotic exposure among preterm infants may not lead to significant gastric dysrhythmia. Future studies including larger sample sizes and a "no antibiotic" exposure arm are essential in elucidating this potential relationship.
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