The quality 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium 4-aminobenzoate (2A5ClP4AB) single crystals were grown in methanol solvent by employing the solvent evaporation technique. The stoichiometry ratio of 2A5ClP4AB ...was confirmed by microanalysis. The melting point, decomposition, crystalline phase, purity, and specific heat capacity of 2A5ClP4AB crystal were explored by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyses (TG–DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and modulated scanning calorimetry (MDSC) methods. The various dielectric properties of 2A5ClP4AB single crystal concerning temperature and frequency were examined by dielectric measurements. The nonlinear optical (NLO) parameters such as dipole moment, polarizability, first-order hyperpolarizability, and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of the 2A5ClP4AB molecule were computed using density functional theory (DFT) by utilizing the Gaussian 09 program. The figured HOMO–LUMO energies of 2A5ClP4AB demonstrate the occurrence of a charge transfer mechanism, whereas the MESP map illustrates how various molecular interactions took place in it. Hirshfeld surface analyses helped to decode the nature of the interactions and packing structure of the crystals. The above studies were intended to explore the structural, thermal, electrical and NLO properties of 2A5ClP4AB and also to strengthen its effectiveness for optoelectronic and frequency conversion applications.
Third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have proven to be beneficial for a wide range of applications. Therefore, a novel third-order nonlinear organic single-crystal ...4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenol (DMBDN) is successfully grown adapting slow evaporation method with good optical characteristics and thermal stability. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the grown crystal are explored by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), and it is found that the DMBDN crystallized in a triclinic structure with the centrosymmetric space group
P
1
¯
. The fundamental vibrational frequencies of particular functional groups present in the titled compound are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. Using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectral analysis, the generated crystal's optical quality is determined. From the Tauc plot, it is calculated that the optical bandgap is 2.04 eV. Sharp emission peaks are seen in the photoluminescence spectrum, which imply violet and blue emission. From thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA), it is found that the crystal possesses a thermal stability of 125.90 °C. The percentage of hydrogen-bonding interactions is assessed using Hirshfeld surface fingerprint plots. The third-order nonlinear optical characteristics such as susceptibility (
χ
(3)
) and absorption coefficient (
β
) of the compound are examined using the conventional
Z
-scan method with a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser.
•The l-Arginine Phosphate Monohydrate (LAP) has been identified as a new and cost-effective source of Terahertz generation.•The optical to Terahertz generation conversion efficiency of LAP was ...considerably higher than Zinc Telluride.•The LAP has been studied for its Terahertz properties such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, coherence length etc.
Single crystals of l-arginine phosphate monohydrate (LAP) with dimensions of 15 × 10 × 3.5 mm3 were grown by solution cooling method from its aqueous solution. The crystalline phase formation of the synthesized LAP was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Typical morphology of the spontaneously grown LAP crystal was ascertained through optical microscope. The LAP crystal was explored for its ability to generate Terahertz waves by employing a Ti: sapphire laser of 800 nm wavelength, 140 fs pulses, at 80 MHz repetition rate. It is reported, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that the LAP crystal was capable of generating THz radiation in the range between 0.1 and 2.0 and that there was a gradual enhancement of the THz output power when the input power was increased from 500 to 1200 mW. The optical to THz conversion efficiency of LAP crystal was measured to be about 0.7 × 10−5 which is considerably higher than the well-known inorganic material ZnTe, even with its larger area. Further, the refractive index and absorption coefficient measured for the crystal were found to vary between 1.2 and 1.65 and 5 and40 cm−1 respectively in the range between 0.1 and 2.0 THz. The coherence length of the LAP was theoretically calculated to be about 400 mm at 0.8 THz.
Background: Diagnostic radiation is reported to cause significant damage in buccal cells, while the same effects after natural cell turn over cycle were not checked for in previous studies. The ...buccal cells were studied in patients exposed to computed tomography (CT) scans for evaluating the cells with micronuclei and cytotoxic changes, namely, pyknotic cells, karyorrhectic cells and karyolytic cells. The pre-exposure counts were compared with postexposure counts on 10 and 20 days corresponding to first and second cell turnover cycles. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the counts of micronucleus and cytotoxic changes in buccal cells post-exposure to CT scans and report on variance of the same with first and second buccal cell turnover cycles. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study, wherein the buccal smears of patients undergoing CT scans were made before and after CT scan exposures as needed. Papanicolaou (PAP) staining and analysis were performed as per standard criteria for micronuclear and cytotoxic changes, respectively. Statistical test used was paired t-tests. Results: The micronuclear counts revealed 0.4% positive cells before exposure and 1.4% positive cells post 10 days and 20 days of exposure were significant (P < 0.005). The cytotoxic changes showed around 2.5% positive cells before and 5.7% positive cells 10 days after CT exposure (P < 0.005). The cytotoxic cell values from baseline to 20th day were not significant (P < 0.25). Conclusion: CT scans have caused genotoxic effects notable after two cell turnover cycles but the cytotoxic changes have significantly decreased naturally after 2nd cell turnover as per our study.
Background: According to NFHS 5 data, 3.1% of pregnant women in India suffer from domestic violence. Domestic violence in pregnant women can lead to unfavourable effect on physical, mental and ...emotional health of women, not only women, the growing fetus is also affected. Objectives: i) To assess the prevalence of violence among pregnant women in a private secondary level hospital in Solur, Ramnagara. ii) To assess the factors associated with violence among the study population. Methodology: All pregnant women of age group 18-40 years availing services at the out-patient department of the Snehalaya Hospital, Solur except those who were in labour or having serious medical emergency irrespective of gestational age were included in the study. Our sample size were 384 pregnant women in Solur. Study period were from November 2022 to February 2023 with the help of validated interview guide domestic violence among pregnant women has been assessed and data collected using Epicollect 5®. Chi-square test for association was done to identify associations, if any. Results: In the study, antenatal women who experienced violence were 146 out of 384 (38%). Of these, the distribution of cases were as follows: psychological violence – 114 (29.6%), physical violence – 19 (4.9%), sexual violence – 5 (1.3%) and economical violence – 75 (19.5%). Factors associated with violence were husband’s alcoholic addiction, higher age of pregnant women, higher education and unemployed pregnant women, multigravida and middle class family (Chi-square test, P< 0.05). Conclusion: In the study, 1/3rd of pregnant women were suffering from domestic violence. Early identification of domestic violence during the antenatal clinics and providing proper counseling to husband and family members regarding later consequences to mother and child due to violence can improve maternal and child health in future.
Agriculture is facing a scenario of shifting from subsistence farming to commercial farming. Commercial farming is more capital intensive than the subsistence farming leading to the increased credit ...requirement for the farmers. The main objective of the study was to investigate the performance of various kinds of credit, adequacy of credit under Kisan Credit Card scheme (KCC), cost involved in availing the credit by the KCC beneficiaries and credit requirement of the respondents. The average amount per farmer sanctioned in SBI under KCC was 69,333.33 and in case of Co-operative bank it was found to be 52,000. In case of beneficiaries the total amount sanctioned under various loans was found to be 9,67,946.93, out of which 74.11 per cent was accounted by housing loans followed by 12.53 per cent under crop loan/ KCC loan. Comparing Cost A2 with the scale of finance, credit was found to be adequate for all the crops grown by respondents. While comparing compare Cost C with scale of finance, credit was found to be inadequate in tapioca only with a gap of 2.88 per cent.
Introduction: Dental diagnostic radiation is reported to cause significant damage in buccal cells while, the same effects due to Computed Tomography (CT) scans have not been routinely cited in ...literature. The buccal cells were studied in patients exposed to CT scans for evaluating the cells with micronuclei, associated nuclear abnormalities and changes in Proliferative Index (PI) of cells. The obtained head and neck CT scans i.e., CT for brain and facial bone, CT paranasal sinuses and CT cervical spine were compared in terms of the micronuclear counts. Aim: To estimate the counts of micronucleus associated nuclear abnormalities and changes in PI in patients before and after head and neck CT scans. Materials and Methods: An observational study, wherein 40 patients undergoing CT scans for head and neck region, were selected by consecutive systematic sampling. Buccal smears were made before and 10 days after CT scan. Papanicolaou (PAP) staining and micronuclear analysis were performed as per Tolbert’s criteria. The obtained cell counts were compared for differences before and after scans by paired t-tests. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05; paired t-test) were noted between pre and post exposure values for head and neck CT scans in terms of Micronucleus (MN) counts, Binulceated cells (BN), Nuclear buds (NBUDs) and Multinucleated Micronucleus (MMN) cells. The post exposure radiation induced cell PI was found to be 6.0, a 3 fold rise from normal value of 2.0. Conclusion: CT scans taken for head and neck region caused changes related to DNA damage and genotoxicity in buccal mucosal cells. Comparatively, CT cervical spine have showed more nuclear abnormalities than CT for brain and facial bone and CT paranasal sinuses. The associated micronuclear cells have contributed to rise in PI.
Background: Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering diseases characterized by loss of keratinocyte cell adhesion that leads to blister formation clinically. Induction of apoptosis or of ...proapoptotic proteins by pemphigus immunoglobulin G (IgG) may be part of the mechanism by which IgG induces acantholysis. Some of the current data suggest that activation of proapoptotic proteins such as bax and caspase cysteine proteinases may sensitize cells to the acantholytic effects of pemphigus IgG. Thus, a central role of apoptosis in the mechanisms of blister induction is well recognized.
Aims: This study aims (a) To find which pathway of apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus and (b) to evaluate the expression of bax and caspase-8 and its key role in pemphigus.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 21 samples of oral pemphigus. The presence of apoptosis was evaluated in the sections taken from histopathologically diagnosed oral pemphigus archival blocks using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method.
Results: The expression and staining intensity of pro-apoptotic marker bax and apoptotic marker caspase-8 were observed in the various areas with varying intensity in different samples. The result was subjected to statistical analysis.
Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study suggest that the process of apoptosis occurs in PV. Hence, inhibition of apoptosis in the patients could reduce the severity of the lesions, and they could also represent new specific targets for pemphigus treatment.
The research entitled "Economic impact of SUBICSHA on SHG members of Kozhikode district" was conducted in Perambra block of Kozhikode district. SUBICSHA stands for Special project for Sustainable ...Business Development of Innovative Coconut Based Micro-Enterprises for Holistic Growth and Poverty Alleviation. It is an innovative women oriented, coconut based value added products venture and a women empowerment model. The objective of the study was to assess the economic impact of SUBICSHA on SHG members associated with SUBICSHA. Primary data were collected from 120 SHG members associated with SUBICSHA. Economic impact of SUBICSHA on SHG members was analysed based on before and after joining status using percentage analysis and paired t-test. It was found that the income levels, overall expenditure pattern, saving habit, borrowing power of SHG members have improved after joining SUBICSHA. SUBICSHA as a women empowerment and poverty alleviation programme was successfully implemented in Kozhikode district and SUBICSHA had significant positive economic impact on SHG members associated with it.
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