The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC Anzo, A; Antinori, F; Aprodu, V ...
Journal of instrumentation,
2008, Letnik:
3, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address ...the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) high momentum particle identification (HMPID) detector, presently under construction, consists of seven identical proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov ...(RICH) counters exploiting large area CsI photocathodes for Cherenkov light imaging. With a total area of 11 m/sup 2/, it represents the largest CsI-RICH system ever used in High Energy Physics. The detector layout, assembly and quality checks will be presented, with particular emphasis on CsI photocathodes mass production. A validation procedure has been established combining the results of the photocathode response mapping obtained in a dedicated VUV scanner with test beam data. The long-term stability has also been studied by irradiation with a Sr-90 source of a final size CsI photocathode inside a detector prototype.
The paper summarizes our latest progress in the development of newly introduced micro-pattern gaseous detectors with resistive electrodes. These resistive electrodes protect the detector and the ...front-end electronics in case of occasional discharges and thus make the detectors very robust and reliable in operation. As an example
, we describe in greater detail a recently developed GEM-like detector, fully spark-protected with electrodes made of resistive kapton. We discovered that all resistive layers used in these studies (including kapton) that are coated with photosensitive layers, such as CsI, can be used as efficient photocathodes for detectors operating in a pulse counting mode. There is a description of the first applications of such detectors combined with CsI or SbCs photocathodes for the detection of UV photons at room and cryogenic temperatures.
The ALICE HMPID on-detector front-end and readout electronics Santiard, Jean-Claude
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Letnik:
518, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the ALICE HMPID detector, Cherenkov photons are localised by measuring the charge induction on a MWPC cathode segmented into pads. Two ASICs have been developed: the Gassiplex07-3, which is an ...analogue 16-channels multiplexed front-end circuit dedicated to the readout of gaseous detector and the Dilogic-3, a sparse data scan digital processor. The combination of multiplexed and parallel-pipelined architecture allows to store several events between two L2 trigger and to transfer the 32-bits data words at a rate of
80
Mbytes
per second through an optical data link.
After ten years of R&D activities, an array of seven proximity focusing RICH modules is being built to identify π-K in the range 1<p<2.7GeV/c and K-p in the range 1.5<p<5GeV/c in the ALICE experiment ...at LHC. This device, named High Momentum Particle Identification Detector (HMPID), with a total active area of 11 m2, represents the largest scale application of MWPCs with high Quantum Efficiency (QE) CsI segmented photo-cathodes for the Cherenkov photon conversion.
An overview of the RICH layout, the technique of photocathode production, the front-end (FE) and readout (R/O) electronics and finally the detector control system (DCS), are presented.
After a brief overview of the CMS EMU electronics system, results on radiation induced single event effects, total ionization dose and displacement effects will be reported. These results are ...obtained by irradiating the components on electronics boards with
63
MeV
protons and
1
MeV
neutrons. During the proton irradiation, the electronics board was fully under power, all components on the board were active and the data were read out in the same way as designed for CMS. No deterioration of analog performance for each of the three CMOS ASICs on the tested board was observed, up to a dose of
10
krad
. Each of the tested FPGAs survived beyond the dose of
30
krad
. No single event latch-up was detected for the CMOS ASICs up to a proton fluence of
2×10
12
cm
−2
. Single Event Upsets (SEU) in FPGAs were detected and their cross-sections measured. SEU mitigation with triple module redundancy and voting was implemented and tested.
Performance of the ALEPH detector at LEP Pietrzyk, B; Efthymiopoulos, I; Fernandez, E ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/1995, Letnik:
360, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The performance of the ALEPH detector at the LEP e
+e
− collider is reviewed. The accuracy of the tracking detectors to measure the impact parameter and momentum of charged tracks is specified. ...Calorimeters are used to measure photons and neutral hadrons, and the accuracy obtained in energy and angle is given. An essential property of the detector is its ability to identify particles; the performance in identification of electrons, muons, neutrinos (from missing energy), charged hadrons,
π
0's and V
0's is described.
An introduction to deep submicron CMOS for vertex applications Campbell, M; Anelli, G; Cantatore, E ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2001, Letnik:
473, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Microelectronics has become a key enabling technology in the development of tracking detectors for High Energy Physics. Deep submicron CMOS is likely to be extensively used in all future tracking ...systems. Radiation tolerance in the Mrad region has been achieved and complete readout chips comprising many millions of transistors now exist. The choice of technology is dictated by market forces but the adoption of deep submicron CMOS for tracking applications still poses some challenges. The techniques used are reviewed and some of the future challenges are discussed.
Identification of high p ⊥ particles with the STAR-RICH detector Braem, A.; Cozza, D.; Davenport, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2003, Letnik:
499, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The STAR-RICH detector extends the particle identification capabilities of the STAR experiment for charged hadrons at mid-rapidity. This detector represents the first use of a proximity-focusing ...CsI-based RICH detector in a collider experiment. It provides identification of pions and kaons up to
3
GeV/c
and protons up to
5
GeV/c
. The characteristics and performance of the device in the inaugural RHIC run are described.
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