Based on an ethnography developed with social movements derived from the eviction process of an old popular district in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, we analyze how an idea of ...neighborship is applied to the processes of struggle and their outcomes. In 2004, a land of over 1,000,000 m2, owned by a bankrupt industry, was occupied by an entire district of over 5,000 people. This “illegal” occupation had been going on for almost 8 years when a court decision ordered the land to be vacated. The case of the Pinheirinho dos Palmares neighborhood, as it was known, became an emblematic example of Brazilian housing policies, with its violent eviction drawing the entire country’s attention. This article deals with the struggles that the evicted residents started and that resulted, at the end of almost 5 years, in the construction of a new district by the state, based on a new housing program. We are going to analyze how concerns about organizing the new neighborship from the old neighborhood relations were fundamental in the geographical and architectural production of the new district. The article seeks to intertwine the notions of resistance and neighborship, responsible for the new configuration of the district.
Wounds represent a growing global issue demanding increased attention. To expedite wound healing, technologies are under development, and light emitting diode (LED) devices of varying wavelengths are ...being explored for their stimulating influence on the healing process. This article presents a systematic literature review aiming to compile, organize, and analyze the impacts of LED devices on wound healing. This review is registered on the PROSPERO platform CRD42023403870. Two blinded authors conducted searches in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies assessing LED utilization in the wound healing process were included. The search yielded 1010 studies, of which 27 were included in the review. It was identified that LED stimulates different healing pathways, promoting enhanced cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis stimulation, increased collagen deposition, and modulation of the inflammatory response. Thus, it can be concluded that the LED stimulates cellular and molecular processes contingent on the utilized parameters. The effects depend on the standards used. Cell migration and proliferation were better influenced by green and red LED. The extracellular matrix components and angiogenesis were regulated by all wavelengths and the modulation of inflammation was mediated by green, red, and infrared LEDs.
Significance statement
Several authors have studied the different mechanisms of action that justify the effect of light emitting diode (LED) on healing. However, no analysis was carried out combining these results. This systematic review analyzed and discussed the effects of LED based on the results of different studies, with an analysis of the action of wavelengths. LED acts in all phases of wound healing through different mechanisms. Cell migration, cell proliferation, and inflammation appear to be most influenced by green and red wavelengths. The extracellular matrix and angiogenesis can be influenced by all wavelengths. The results of this study may encourage the construction of new devices with wavelengths and enhance healing effects.
Tree-exuded gums are natural polymers that represent an abundant raw material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The cashew gum can be obtained by exudation of trees of the genus Anacardium, ...a native species of the Brazilian northeast; its polymer consists of monosaccharide units propitious to the action of chemical reactions that tend to improve their intrinsic characteristics among them, as the degree of hydro-solubility. The objective of this work was to modify the exudate gum of Anacardium occidentale (cashew gum (CG)) through an amine reaction. The modification was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). In addition, the chemical modification altered the molar mass and surface charge of the CG, and the amino group binding to the CG polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectra. In addition, cytotoxicity tests were performed where cell viability was estimated by an MTT assay on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Through these tests, it was found that the amine caused an increase in the thermal stability of the amino compounds and did not present cytotoxic potential at concentrations below 50.0 mg/L.
Dengue is a serious infectious disease worldwide and a climate-sensitive disease. Thus, our goals were to (i) evaluate the relationship between dengue incidence and meteorological variables (rainfall ...and air temperature); (ii) identify the spatiotemporal pattern of dengue incidence in the municipalities of Mato Grosso from 2001 to 2020; and (iii) verify the spatial dependence of dengue incidence in the dry and wet seasons. We used dengue data from 2001 to 2020, monthly rainfall estimates from GPM, and daily air temperature estimates from ERA-5. The municipalities of the Mato Grosso state are included in 16 healthcare territories. The seasonal rainfall pattern indicates that the peak of the dengue endemic occurred in the wet season. However, drier and/or warmer places had a lower incidence of dengue in the dry season. Furthermore, a lagged effect of meteorological variables on dengue incidence has been identified, ranging from 0 to 7 months. Hotspot areas were identified which might have the potential for an intense spreading of dengue in Mato Grosso. They were mainly concentrated in the healthcare territory of Teles Pires (ID 14) in the dry season, while they were concentrated in the healthcare territories of Garças Araguaia (ID 5), Oeste (ID 11), and Teles Pires (ID 14) in the wet season. In addition, they are located in the Am climate and in the Amazon Forest and Brazilian savanna biomes, which have higher dengue incidence values. These results help to highlight which municipalities decision-makers must intervene in the public health system to prevent and control future epidemics.
O município de Humaitá, no sul do Estado do Amazonas, apresenta uma notável taxa de crescimento populacional, o que favorece o desmatamento e, consequentemente, afeta o regime pluviométrico regional. ...Estudos sobre precipitação na região amazônica são baseados em dados espacial, mensais ou anuais das chuvas. Então, esse trabalho objetivou estudar a frequência relativa horária e a intensidade da precipitação no município de Humaitá-AM. Os dados de precipitação horária foram coletados na estação meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia INMET, localizada no Instituto Federal do Amazonas - IFAM (7.55º S e 63.07º W e 54 m). Foi feita a somatória de todos os horários em que houve ocorrências de precipitação registrada pela estação meteorológica no período de julho de 2012 até julho de 2017. A frequência relativa e a variabilidade horária média sazonal foram calculadas pelo método proposto por SPIEGEL. Verificou-se que durante a estação de outono as chuvas são frequentes no período da manhã (03:00hs e 06:00hs), com picos secundários no início da tarde (14:00hs) e mínimas entre 09:00hs e 13:00hs. No inverno às máximas se concentram à tarde (15:00hs e 16:00hs) e mínimas (03:00hs e 04:00hs). Na primavera esses eventos são comuns no decorrer da tarde e parte da noite (14:00hs, 16:00hs e 20:00hs), e são menos constantes entre 10:00hs e 12:00hs. Na estação de verão as chuvas se concentram entre 01:00h e 07:00hs, com pico máximo as 04:00hs e mínima (12:00hs). Notou-se ainda que no período chuvoso foram registradas máximas (06:00hs e 07:00hs), e mínimas (10:00hs e 12:00hs). No período seco as chuvas predominam (06:00hs e 08:00hs) e mínimas (09:00hs, 12:00hs e 16:00hs). A intensidade das chuvas entre as estações do ano é, na maioria, classificada como fraca, seguido por eventos de categoria moderada e forte. Verificou-se que eventos com intensidade muito forte ocorreram apenas durante a estação da primavera. Por fim, a precipitação demonstrou ser mais comum durante a manhã no outono e verão e mais frequentes no período da tarde na primavera e inverno.
Brazilian tropical ecosystems in the state of Mato Grosso have experienced significant land use and cover changes during the past few decades due to deforestation and wildfire. These changes can ...directly affect the mass and energy exchange near the surface and, consequently, evapotranspiration (ET). Characterization of the seasonal patterns of ET can help in understanding how these tropical ecosystems function with a changing climate. The goal of this study was to characterize temporal (seasonal-to-decadal) and spatial patterns in ET over Mato Grosso using remotely sensed products. Ecosystems over areas with limited to no flux towers can be performed using remote sensing products such as NASA’s MOD16A2 ET (MOD16 ET). As the accuracy of this product in tropical ecosystems is unknown, a secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the MOD16 ET (ETMODIS) to appropriately represent the spatial and seasonal ET patterns in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Actual ET was measured (ETMeasured) using eight flux towers, three in the Amazon, three in the Cerrado, and two in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. In general, the ETMODIS of all sites had no significant difference from ETMeasured during all analyzed periods, and ETMODIS had a significant moderate to strong correlation with the ETMeasured. The spatial variation of ET had some similarity to the climatology of Mato Grosso, with higher ET in the mid to southern parts of Mato Grosso (Cerrado and Pantanal) during the wet period compared to the dry period. The ET in the Amazon had three seasonal patterns, a higher and lower ET in the wet season compared to the dry season, and minimal to insignificant variation in ET during the wet and dry seasons. The wet season ET in Amazon decreased from the first and second decades, but the ET during the wet and dry season increased in Cerrado and Pantanal in the same period. This study highlights the importance of deepening the study of ET in the state of Mato Grosso due to the land cover and climate change.
Resumo O Cerrado apresenta uma variedade de fitofisionomias, com características distintas em estrutura e distribuição, o que contribui para uma heterogeneidade na interação da radiação solar com a ...superfície. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal de parâmetros biofísicos em diferentes tipos de cobertura do solo de uma área de Cerrado no sul do estado de Mato Grosso por sensoriamento remoto. Os parâmetros biofísicos índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI), o albedo, temperatura da superfície e o saldo de radiação foram obtidos nas fitofisionomias do Cerrado: Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Cerradão e Cerrado stricto sensu; e numa área de pastagem. As estimativas foram realizadas com imagens do sensor TM Landsat 5, em 2009, 2010 e 2011. No período chuvoso, o NDVI e o saldo de radiação foram 44% e 15% maiores e o albedo e a temperatura da superfície foram 18% e 12% menores que no seco, respectivamente. Nos locais com maior NDVI e maior saldo de radiação foram encontrados os menores albedo e temperatura da superfície. As diferentes fitofisionomias do Cerrado tiveram interação distinta com a radiação solar em escalas sazonal e espacial devido à variação da cobertura da vegetação e disponibilidade hídrica.
Abstract The Cerrado presents a variety of phytophysiognomies, with distinct characteristics of structure and distribution, which contributes to a heterogeneity in the interaction of solar radiation with the surface. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of biophysical parameters in different types of soil cover of a Cerrado area in southern Mato Grosso state by remote sensing. Biophysical parameters Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo, surface temperature and radiation balance were obtained from the Cerrado phytophysiognomies: Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Cerradão and Cerrado stricto sensu; and in a pasture area. Estimates were made with TM Landsat 5 sensor images in 2009, 2010 and 2011. In the rainy season, NDVI and radiation balance were 44% and 15% higher and albedo and surface temperature were 18% and 12% smaller than dry, respectively. In places with higher NDVI and higher radiation balance, the lowest albedo and surface temperature were found. The different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado had a distinct interaction with solar radiation at seasonal and spatial scales due to the variation of vegetation cover and water availability.
ABSTRACT The global and Amazon climate change, mainly in rainfall, due to the El Niño and La Ninã phenomena. The objective of this study was to analyze the relative frequency (RF) of rainfall, in ...different periods of the day, during occurrences of El Niño, La Niña events and neutrality condition. The research was carried out in the Southern mesoregion of the state of Amazonas (Apuí, Boca do Acre, Lábrea, Manicoré and Humaitá). Data were analyzed by the Spiegel´s method. The rainfall data were obtained from the Global Land Data Assimilation database from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2018. Data were made available every three hours and integrated into six hours. RF of rainfall was higher in the afternoon in La Niña, Neutro and El Niño years in all municipalities. The RF in La Niña year was higher than during El Niño. The RF during the Neutral year was higher than during El Niño in Apuí and Boca do Acre, and had no difference in Lábrea, Manicoré and Humaitá. The rainfall in the southern Amazon mesoregion was more frequent during the afternoon.
RESUMO O clima global e amazônico sofre alterações, principalmente na precipitação, em decorrência dos fenômenos El Niño e La Ninã. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a frequência relativa da precipitação, em diferentes períodos do dia, durante ocorrências de eventos de El Niño, La Niña e em condição de neutralidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na mesorregião Sul do estado do Amazonas (Apuí, Boca do Acre, Lábrea, Manicoré e Humaitá). Os dados foram analisados pelo método proposto por Spiegel. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da base de dados da Global Land Data Assimilation (01/01/2000 a 31/12/2018). Os dados foram disponibilizados a cada três horas e integralizados em seis horas. A frequência relativa da precipitação foi maior no período da tarde nos anos de La Niña, Neutro e El Niño em todos os municípios. Houve uma superioridade da frequência relativa durante os anos de ocorrência de eventos La Niña quando comparados ao El Niño. Em Apuí e Boca do Acre ocorreu uma superioridade na quantidade de eventos durante o ano Neutro em relação ao El Niño, enquanto em Lábrea, Manicoré e Humaitá não houve mudança. Por fim, a precipitação nos municípios da mesorregião Sul do Amazonas é frequente durante os períodos da tarde.
A multi-disciplinary team surveyed ranchers at the Kalunga Historical and Cultural Heritage Site, in the Cerrado region of west central Brazil, to determine impacts promoted by toxic plants on ...cattle. The expedition to the Kalunga region was carried out by Brazilian and American researchers. Previously selected cattle ranch properties from “Vão das Almas”, “Engenho II” and “Vão do Moleque” were visited. Twenty-four interviews were carried out with cattle ranchers and a questionnaire was applied to obtain information about outbreaks of native plant poisoning and their effects on livestock, and the use of local plants in phytotherapy. We classified problematic plants into three distinct categories. First, the toxic plants most cited by residents causing cattle losses were the flowers of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (“pequi”), the fruits of Terminalia corrugata (Ducke) Gere & Boatwr. (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler - “mirindiba” or “pau-pilão”), Eugenia dysenterica (Mart.) DC (“cagaita”), and Palicourea marcgravii A. St. Hil (“erva-café” or “cafezinho”). Secondly, other plants considered toxic, but causing less severe losses were Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers (“casco d'anta”), Indigofera lespedezioides (Kunth) (“timbozinho”), Ricinus communis L. (“mamona”), Pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) Cockayne (“samambaia”), Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (“barbatimão”), and Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. (“cambaúba”). The most important finding was the identification of the C. brasiliense flower as potentially toxic to cattle, which must be subject for future research. Further, we confirmed the toxicity and importance of P. marcgravii, E. dysenterica, and Terminalia corrugata. The survey highlighted phytotherapy plants used by the community, and greatly increased awareness by local livestock producers of poisonous plants for management purposes. We conclude that ethnobotanical knowledge, especially from the traditional community, is essential to understand livestock losses to toxic plants, and should be valued not only for reducing livestock losses, but also for cultural importance to the Kalunga communities in the Cerrado.
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•Ethnobotanical knowledge impacts plant surveys.•Ethnobotanical knowledge is important for its impact on culture and Cerrado cattle production.•Speech analysis is an innovative and useful methodology for toxicology surveys.•Flowers of Caryocar brasiliense are potentially toxic to cattle.•Palicourea marcgravii, Eugenia dysenterica, Terminalia corrugata are toxic for cattle.
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